scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of Curb-Park Violations and Their Relationship with Points of Interest: A Case Study of Tehran, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Koohpayma ◽  
Amir Tahooni ◽  
Mohammad reza Jelokhni ◽  
Jamal Jokar Arsanjani
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
The North ◽  
Car Park ◽  
The Impact

Car parking is a challenging part of urban transportation and the traffic violations around it cause many problems for citizens. In recent years, due to the fast growth and development of urbanization, temporary and unauthorized stopping of cars along the streets, especially in large cities, has led to an increased traffic, urban disorders, dangers for citizens, and violation of rules. Studies have shown that there is a direct relationship between vehicle parking violations and urban places. GIScience capabilities and tools play an important role in analysing the spatial distribution of these violations. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution of vehicle violations in a region of Tehran, Iran that is suffering from a heavy traffic load and heavily polluted air. Although two dissimilar urban segregations exist in the north and south of the study area, our analysis indicates a similar pattern of car parking violations. In both of the areas, about 70% of all curb parks are legal, while the remaining are illegal. Also, spatial analysis reveals a direct relationship between some POIs and the occurrence of car park violations so that the density of legal curb parks is high near some POIs, and less near some others and vice versa. For example, the number of vehicle park violation around the hospitals is more than the average of the study area. However, the number of park violations around the universities is less than the average. Our findings reveal that co-location of certain POIs, for instance a hotel and a supermarket will lead to an increase in the number of park violations. In other words, there is a strong correlation between the type of POIs and curb-parks violations. Our results also show that POIs have an impact radius that leads to violations occurring in that area. For example, the area of the impact of a hospital on the creation of car park violations was estimated at 125 meters. Our presented approach along with the discussed findings along with conclusions can be useful to a large range of stakeholders including urban planner, traffic police departments, local municipalities, law enforcement agencies, and environmentalists to have a better perspective of infrastructure planning.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of Curb-Park Violations and Their Relationship with Points of Interest: A Case Study of Tehran, Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Koohpayma ◽  
Amir Tahooni ◽  
Mohammadreza Jelokhani-Niaraki ◽  
Jamal Jokar Arsanjani
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Municipalities ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Car Park

Car parking is a challenging part of urban transportation and traffic violations cause many problems for citizens. Studies have shown that there is a direct relationship between vehicle parking violations and urban places. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution of vehicle violations in a region of Tehran, Iran, that is suffering from a heavy traffic load and heavily polluted air. Although there are two dissimilar urban segregations in the north and south of the study area, in both of the regions, about 70% of all curb-parks are legal, while the remaining are illegal. However, our analysis indicates a dissimilar pattern of car parking violations. Additionally, spatial analysis reveals a direct relationship between some POIs (Point of interests) and the occurrence of car park violations. For example, the number of vehicle park violations around the hospitals is more than the average of the study area. However, the number of park violations around the universities is less than the average. Our results also show that POIs have an impact radius that leads to violations occurring in that area. For example, the influence range of a hospital on the creation of car park violations was estimated at 125 meters. Our presented approach along with the discussed findings and conclusions can be useful to an extensive range of stakeholders, including urban planners, traffic police departments, local municipalities, law enforcement agencies and environmentalists, to have a better perspective of infrastructure planning.

Yet Another Inquiry into the Trustworthiness of Eighteenth-Century Bills of Mortality: the Newcastle and Gateshead Bills, 1736–1840

2014 ◽  
pp. 58-72
Author(s):  
Graham Butler
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Vital Registration ◽  
Religious Dissent ◽  
The North ◽  
East End ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Town

This note is a preliminary analysis of the Newcastle and Gateshead Bills of Mortality, a hitherto unused source for understanding some of the most significant aspects of vital registration and burial practices in the North East's capital, c. 1736–1840. The Bills are annual totals of the number of burials and baptisms which took place in all of the ancient Anglican parishes in Newcastle and Gateshead. One of the most lucid aspects of the Bills is that they recorded the number of burials which took place in the 'infamous' un-consecrated burial ground of Ballast Hills located on the outskirts of the east-end of the town. Attention here is given to the initial accuracy of the Bills by focusing upon All Saints parish in Newcastle which accounted for approximately 50 per cent of the town's total population over the entire period. Here the data revealed in the Bills are compared directly with the burials which were registered by the parish clerk in All Saints. The major finding of this preliminary study is the huge discrepancy between the number of reported burials and the number of baptisms which took place in All Saints over time. The Bills also provide a fully documented account of the impact of Ballast Hills and the apparent “export in corpses” which was clearly taking place on a large scale. By the 1770s–1790s, this one burial ground alone, was consuming roughly 60–70 per cent of the town's dead population. The reasons behind this phenomenon are discussed by looking specifically at the possible impact of religious dissent, burial costs and burial space in the town. The note concludes that while this preliminary analysis is revealing, more work needs to be done which would involve a fuller analysis of all of the parishes recorded in the Bills as well as looking more closely at the registration of baptisms, stillbirths and the heavy “traffic in corpses” which was clearly a major defect of vital registration in Georgian Newcastle.

FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANNING ON PRIVATE LANDS: A CASE STUDY OF THE SPATIAL ANALYSIS PROJECT IN THE NORTH CENTRAL UNITED STATES

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350004
Author(s):  
ERIC J. HOLZMUELLER ◽  
JOHN W. GRONINGER ◽  
MICHAEL A. MARTINEK
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Private Lands ◽  
Forest Management Planning ◽  
The North ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Ranking Criteria ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Forest Stewardship ◽  
The Impact

In 2004, the US Forest Service launched the Spatial Analysis Project (SAP) to determine whether lands enrolled in the Forest Stewardship Program meet state stewardship objectives. Within each state, SAP used an aggregate analysis to categorise all land available for the FSP as — low, medium, or high stewardship potential. We characterized differences in land classified by the SAP in the study area, and determined if states have been effectively enrolling lands in the high category. Results indicate that while states are enrolling high stewardship potential lands (p < 0.0001), prioritising among forest lands is difficult because nearly all of it is classified as high or medium stewardship potential. We suggest prioritising forested areas using ranking criteria that are more closely associated with state forestry priorities, a strategy that could be adapted to increase the impact of limited public forest stewardship resources outside of the region as well.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of a New Motorway Connection on the Spatial Distribution and Intensity of Traffic Flows: a Case Study of the D47 Motorway, Czech Republic/ Hodnocení vlivu nového dálničního spojení na prostorovou distribuci a intenzitu přepravních proudů: příklad dálnice D47

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Chmelík ◽  
Miroslav Marada
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Spatial Redistribution ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Assessing changes in the spatial distribution and intensity of traffic flow patterns, considered one of the main direct influences of the construction of transport infrastructure, is discussed in this paper. The central element of the research is a case study assessing such changes in connection with the opening of the D47 motorway in its Lipník nad Bečvou-Ostrava section. The aim of the study is a comparison of traffic conditions before and after the opening of the motorway. The real data on the traffic load of the motorway sections are compared with the official and our own forecast, which is based on applying a basic form of the gravity model for the given area. The results of the analysis confirmed intuitive assumptions about changes in the spatial redistribution of traffic flows.

Air—sea C0 2 transfer and the carbon budget of the North Atlantic

1995 ◽  
Vol 348 (1324) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
Carbon Export ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Ocean Carbon ◽  
The Impact

A model simulation of the global carbon cycle demonstrates that the biological and solubility pumps are of comparable importance in determining the spatial distribution of annual mean air-sea fluxes in the Atlantic. The model also confirms that the impact of the (steady state) biological pump on the magnitude and spatial distribution of anthropogenic CO 2 uptake is minimal. An Atlantic Ocean carbon budget developed from analysis of the model combined with observations suggests that the air-sea flux of carbon is inadequate to supply the postulated large dissolved inorganic carbon export from the Atlantic. Other sources of carbon are required, such as an input from the Pacific via the Bering Strait and Arctic, river inflow, or an import of dissolved organic carbon.

scholarly journals The Impact of Typhoon Danas (2013) on the Torrential Rainfall Associated with Typhoon Fitow (2013) in East China

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxiong Xu ◽  
Bo Du
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Sensitivity Experiment ◽  
The North ◽  
Torrential Rainfall ◽  
Unusual Amount ◽  
The Impact

When typhoon Danas (2013) was located at northeast of Taiwan during 6–8 October 2013, a torrential rainfall brought by typhoon Fitow (2013) occurred over the east of China. Observations show that the rainband of Fitow, which may be impacted by Danas, caused the rainfall over north of Zhejiang. The Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecast (ARW-WRF) model was used to investigate the possible effects of typhoon Danas (2013) on this rainfall event. Results show that the model captured reasonably well the spatial distribution and evolution of the rainband of Fitow. The results of a sensitivity experiment removing Danas vortex, which is conducted to determine its impact on the extreme rainfall, show that extra moist associated with Danas plays an important role in the maintenance and enhancement of the north rainband of Fitow, which resulted in torrential rainfall over the north of Zhejiang. This study may explain the unusual amount of rainfall over the north of Zhejiang province caused by interaction between the rainband of typhoon Fitow and extra moisture brought by typhoon Danas.

Spatial Distribution and Contribution Segregation of Hg and Cd in the Soils in the Chemical Industry Park and its Surrounding Areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3797-3802
Author(s):  
Chun Feng Lu ◽  
Sheng Lu Zhou ◽  
Shao Hua Wu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Contribution Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatial Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact

This paper determined Hg and Cd contents through collecting the surface soil samples in Nanjing Liuhe Chemical Industry Park and its surrounding areas, analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of Hg and Cd in the study area by means of ordinary Kriging, and carried out quantitative analysis for the impact of chemical industry park on the accumulation of soil heavy metals through introducing contribution rate. The results show that the chemical industry park is one of the important causes of the accumulation of Hg and Cd in the surrounding soils. In space, the closer the site is to the industrial park, the higher the accumulative content is. Wind direction has a significant effect on the diffusion of Hg, affected most greatly on the northwest, which is located downwind, with a contribution rate of 85.47%, while wind direction has no significant effect on the diffusion of Cd, affected most greatly on the north, with a contribution rate of 29.37%.

scholarly journals O monitoramento da Covid-19 através de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica: estratégias e desafios para a transparência de dados públicos no Rio Grande do Sul

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Dagnino ◽  
Lucas Manassi Panitz ◽  
Eliseu José Weber ◽  
Marcos Wellausen Dias de Freitas ◽  
Guilherme Garcia de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

From the first cases of Covid-19 in Rio Grande do Sul, in March 2020, we started monitoring the pandemic using an online Geographic Information System (GIS). Within the SIG Litoral Project, from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, we developed the platform as a strategy to provide society with spatial analysis and organized data on the disease, bringing together researchers, scholarship holders and volunteers. The portal, focused on health communication, allows the visualization of data on the global, national and regional scales, in addition to monitoring the indigenous populations of the Amazon and mapping the solidarity networks in the North Coast of Rio Grande do Sul. In the article in question, we mainly focus on monitoring Covid-19 in Rio Grande do Sul, addressing the tools used, the challenges to obtaining data and some spatial analysis performed. We show divergences between data sources, indicating the problem of underreporting and the different methodologies employed by health surveillance systems. Finally, we address the impact of the monitoring of Covid-19, having a positive impact on society by providing transparency to official data, contributing to the plurality of the debate, the interaction of multidisciplinary teams and the academic training of students.

scholarly journals The Gaia-ESO Survey and CSI 2264: Substructures, disks, and sequential star formation in the young open cluster NGC 2264

2017 ◽  
Vol 609 ◽  
pp. A10 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Venuti ◽  
L. Prisinzano ◽  
G. G. Sacco ◽  
E. Flaccomio ◽  
R. Bonito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Star Formation ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Open Cluster ◽  
Star Clusters ◽  
Star Formation History ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
The North ◽  
Young Clusters ◽  
The Impact

Context. Reconstructing the structure and history of young clusters is pivotal to understanding the mechanisms and timescales of early stellar evolution and planet formation. Recent studies suggest that star clusters often exhibit a hierarchical structure, possibly resulting from several star formation episodes occurring sequentially rather than a monolithic cloud collapse. Aims. We aim to explore the structure of the open cluster and star-forming region NGC 2264 (~3 Myr), which is one of the youngest, richest and most accessible star clusters in the local spiral arm of our Galaxy; we link the spatial distribution of cluster members to other stellar properties such as age and evolutionary stage to probe the star formation history within the region. Methods. We combined spectroscopic data obtained as part of the Gaia-ESO Survey (GES) with multi-wavelength photometric data from the Coordinated Synoptic Investigation of NGC 2264 (CSI 2264) campaign. We examined a sample of 655 cluster members, with masses between 0.2 and 1.8 M⊙ and including both disk-bearing and disk-free young stars. We used Teff estimates from GES and g,r,i photometry from CSI 2264 to derive individual extinction and stellar parameters. Results. We find a significant age spread of 4–5 Myr among cluster members. Disk-bearing objects are statistically associated with younger isochronal ages than disk-free sources. The cluster has a hierarchical structure, with two main blocks along its latitudinal extension. The northern half develops around the O-type binary star S Mon; the southern half, close to the tip of the Cone Nebula, contains the most embedded regions of NGC 2264, populated mainly by objects with disks and ongoing accretion. The median ages of objects at different locations within the cluster, and the spatial distribution of disked and non-disked sources, suggest that star formation began in the north of the cluster, over 5 Myr ago, and was ignited in its southern region a few Myr later. Star formation is likely still ongoing in the most embedded regions of the cluster, while the outer regions host a widespread population of more evolved objects; these may be the result of an earlier star formation episode followed by outward migration on timescales of a few Myr. We find a detectable lag between the typical age of disk-bearing objects and that of accreting objects in the inner regions of NGC 2264: the first tend to be older than the second, but younger than disk-free sources at similar locations within the cluster. This supports earlier findings that the characteristic timescales of disk accretion are shorter than those of disk dispersal, and smaller than the average age of NGC 2264 (i.e., ≲3 Myr). At the same time, we note that disks in the north of the cluster tend to be shorter-lived (~2.5 Myr) than elsewhere; this may reflect the impact of massive stars within the region (notably S Mon), that trigger rapid disk dispersal. Conclusions. Our results, consistent with earlier studies on NGC 2264 and other young clusters, support the idea of a star formation process that takes place sequentially over a prolonged span in a given region. A complete understanding of the dynamics of formation and evolution of star clusters requires accurate astrometric and kinematic characterization of its population; significant advance in this field is foreseen in the upcoming years thanks to the ongoing Gaia mission, coupled with extensive ground-based surveys like GES.

scholarly journals Justification of the effectiveness of organized summer recreation under different climatic and geographical conditions for normalizing the organism functional state in veterans of extreme activities

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
E. D. Pyatibrat
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

Relevance. Participation in military conflicts, long-term vital threat, irregular working hours, frequent moving to new places of residence impose negative imprints in the form of various functional disorders and even the formation of psychogenic diseases on employees of various law enforcement agencies.Intention. To assess the impact of organized summer holidays under different climatic conditions on the functional state of the veterans of law enforcement agencies previously engaged in activities under extreme conditions.Methodology. 65 retired men soldiers of different law enforcement agencies aged 45 to 54 years were examined before and after organized summer holidays under different climatic conditions. Hemodynamic parameters, mobility of nervous processes and current mental state were assessed.Results and Discussion. After a river cruise in the North-West and mid-latitudes of Russia, decreased tension of the functional circulatory system as well as improved mobility of nervous processes and current mental state were reported. On the contrary, increased tension of the functional circulatory system, decreased mobility of nervous processes, well-being, activity, mood and increased anxiety were reported after holidays at low-latitude resorts.Conclusion. Thus, the functional state of veterans of law enforcement agencies who survived repeated mental trauma and vital threat, was effectively restored after a river cruise in the North-West and mid-latitudes of Russia.

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