scholarly journals Alternative Methods for Preheating Outdoor Ventilation Air

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Romanska-Zapala ◽  
Mark Bomberg ◽  
Miroslaw Dechnik ◽  
Malgorzata Fedorczak-Cisak ◽  
Marcin Furtak
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Steering Control ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
Complex Technology ◽  
The One ◽  
Integrated System Design

In the pursuit of energy efficiency one has developed a complex technology of earth-air heat exchangers (EAHX). In this process, one discovered some drawbacks such as possible entry of radon gas or high humidity in the shoulder seasons. Elsewhere, we highlighted that when the outdoor temperature changes frequently, one needs using two different air intake sources with an automatic selection of the one more appropriate for the actual weather conditions. In winter, the EAHX may be used continually but in the other seasons, the selection should be performed by a steering/ control system. In this paper examined two nearly identical EAHX systems placed in the soil next to the building or under the basement slab. While there is an advantage in the under house placement, yet the advent of integrated system design permits replacing the EAHX by different heat exchangers located in the mechanical room (as it was done in a case study in NY) or in the exterior wall. In the latter case we propose an alternative system that permits using different ventilation patterns in summer and winter.

scholarly journals Alternative Methods For Preheating Outdoor Ventilation Air

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Romanska - Zapala Romanska - Zapala ◽  
Mark Bomberg ◽  
Miroslaw Dechnik ◽  
Malgorzata Fedorczak-Cisak ◽  
Marcin Furtak
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Exterior Wall ◽  
Missing Information ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Air Intake

Growing popularity of smart and integrated buildings requires a review of methods to optimize the preheat of ventilation air. An integrated system permits using heat ex-changers located in the mechanical room or in the future even using an exterior wall as a heat exchanger. One may ask the question how does the earth-air heat exchanger (EAHX) technology fitts into this function. EAHX has many advantages but also has many unanswered questions. Some of the drawbacks are: a possible entry of radon gas, high humidity in the shoulder seasons as well as the need for two different air intake sources with a choice that depends on the actual weather conditions. While in winter, the EAHX may be used continuously to ensure thermal comfort, in other seasons, its operation must be automatically controlled. To generate the missing information about the EAHX technology we reviewed literature and examined two nearly identical EAHX systems, placed either in ground next to the building or under the basement slab. Effectively, the information provided in this paper, shows advantages of merging both these approaches while the EAHX shoud be placed under the house or near the basement foundation.

scholarly journals On Preheating of the Outdoor Ventilation Air

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Romanska-Zapala ◽  
Mark Bomberg ◽  
Miroslaw Dechnik ◽  
Malgorzata Fedorczak-Cisak ◽  
Marcin Furtak
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Missing Information ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Air Intake

The growing popularity of buildings with integrated sub-systems requires a review of methods to optimize the preheating of ventilation air. An integrated system permits using geothermal heat storage parallel to the direct outdoor air intake with additional treatment in the mechanical room as a part of building an automatic control system. The earth–air heat exchanger (EAHX) has many advantages but also has many unanswered questions. Some of the drawbacks are: A possible entry of radon gas, high humidity in the shoulder seasons, and the need for two different air intake sources with a choice that depends on the actual weather conditions. In winter the EAHX may be used continuously to ensure thermal comfort, while in other seasons its operation must be automatically controlled. To generate missing information about EAHX technology we examined two nearly identical EAHX systems, one placed in the ground next to a building and the other under the basement slab. In another project, we reinforced the ground storage action by having a heat exchanger placed on the return pipes of the hydronic heating system. The information provided in this paper shows advantages of merging both these approaches, while the EAHX could be placed under the house or near the basement foundation that is using an exterior basement insulation.

scholarly journals On Preheating of the Outdoor Ventilation Air

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Romanska-Zapala ◽  
Mark Bomberg ◽  
Miroslaw Dechnik ◽  
Malgorzata Fedorczak-Cisak ◽  
Marcin Furtak
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Missing Information ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Air Intake

Growing popularity of buildings with integrated sub-systems, requires a review of methods to optimize the preheat of ventilation air. An integrated system permits using geothermal heat storage parallel to the direct outdoor air intake with additional treatment in the mechanical room as a part of building automatic control system. Earth Air Heat Exchanger (EAHX) has many advantages but also has many unanswered questions. Some of the drawbacks are: a possible entry of radon gas, high humidity in the shoulder seasons as well as the need for two different air intake sources with a choice that depends on the actual weather conditions. While in winter, the EAHX may be used continuously to ensure thermal comfort, in other seasons, its operation must be automatically controlled. To generate the missing information about the EAHX technology we have examined two nearly identical EAHX systems, one placed in ground next to the building and the other under the basement slab. In another project, we have reinforced the ground storage action by heat exchanger placed on the return pipes of the hydronic heating system. Effectively, the information provided in this paper, shows advantages of merging both these approaches while the EAHX could be placed under the house or near the basement foundation that is using an exterior basement insulation.

Indicators of metabolism and biochemical status of blood in horses of Yakut breed in winter and spring seasons

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
U. Khompodoeva ◽  
R. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Classical Method ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Biochemical Status ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms

The results of researches on the peculiarities of metabolism in the body of horses of Yakut breed in the winter and spring periods under the environments of Central Yakutia have been presented in the article. Physiological experiments on the digestibility of the main nutrients of the feed have been carried out in the winter (February) and spring (April) periods under the environments of the physiological yard in the Yakutsk Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture named after M. G. Safronov with using the classical method. Five mares and five geldings of Yakut breed have been selected for researches. The average live weight of mares was 378–410 kg, geldings 394–403 kg. The experimental animals had average fatness. It has been found a higher intake of energy and the main nutrients of hay as a mono feed in winter compared to the spring period. At the same time pregnant mares in winter have been consumed 103,8±3,12 MJ of metabolic energy per head/day, which was 27,3 % significantly higher than in the spring period – 75,4±2,18 MJ (P ≥ 0,999). Geldings have been consumed in the experiment 67,70±2,85 MJ, which was by 43,7 % higher than in the spring period – 38,05 ± 4,40 MJ of metabolic energy per head/day (P ≥ 0,999). Experimental animals have been housed in stalls; there was no energy expenditure for movement, so the amount of energy consumed in winter indicates the production of heat in the animal’s body. Pregnant mares per 100 kg of live weight have consumed 31,5±4,11 MJ of metabolic energy or 33,3 % more than in the spring period – 21,0±1,98 MJ; geldings have consumed 27,69±1,12, which was 41,78 % significantly higher than in the spring – 16,12 ± 0,75 MJ (P ≥ 0,999). The high intake of metabolic energy into the body of Yakut horses in winter is explained by the manifestation of adaptive mechanisms that affect the effective metabolism for survival, adapted to frequent changes in weather conditions and sharp temperature changes. The established differences in the biochemical parameters of blood serum of horses of Yakut breed are associated with changes in the consumption and digestibility of basic nutrients and energy, depending on the ambient temperature.

scholarly journals Minkowski box from Yangian bootstrap

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Corcoran ◽  
Florian Loebbert ◽  
Julian Miczajka ◽  
Matthias Staudacher
Keyword(s):  
Minkowski Space ◽  
Wigner Function ◽  
Functional Form ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Feynman Integrals ◽  
The One

Abstract We extend the recently developed Yangian bootstrap for Feynman integrals to Minkowski space, focusing on the case of the one-loop box integral. The space of Yangian invariants is spanned by the Bloch-Wigner function and its discontinuities. Using only input from symmetries, we constrain the functional form of the box integral in all 64 kinematic regions up to twelve (out of a priori 256) undetermined constants. These need to be fixed by other means. We do this explicitly, employing two alternative methods. This results in a novel compact formula for the box integral valid in all kinematic regions of Minkowski space.

Does climate change affect the chronobiological trends in occurrence of acute coronary syndromes?

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Kuzma ◽  
A Kurasz ◽  
M Niwinska ◽  
EJ Dabrowski ◽  
M Swieczkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Atmospheric Changes

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are the leading cause of death all over the world, in the last years chronobiology of their occurrence has been changing. Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the influence of climate change on hospital admissions due to ACS. Methods Medical records of 10,529 patients hospitalized for ACS in 2008–2017 were examined. Weather conditions data were obtained from the Institute of Meteorology. Results Among the patients, 3537 (33.6%) were hospitalized for STEMI, 3947 (37.5%) for NSTEMI, and 3045 (28.9%) for UA. The highest seasonal mean for ACS was recorded in spring (N = 2782, mean = 2.52, SD = 1.7; OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.0-1.2; P = 0.049) and it was a season with the highest temperature changes day to day (Δ temp.=11.7). On the other hand, every 10ºC change in temperature was associated with an increased admission due to ACS by 13% (RR 1.13; 95% CI 1.04-1.3; P = 0.008). Analysis of weekly changes showed that the highest frequency of ACS occurred on Thursday (N = 1703, mean = 2.7, SD = 1.9; OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.0-1.23; P = 0.004), in STEMI subgroup it was Monday (N = 592, mean = 0.9, SD = 1.6, OR 1.2; 95% CI 1.1-1.4; P = 0.002). Sunday was associated with decreased admissions due to all types of ACS (N = 1098, mean = 1.7, SD = 1.4; OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.6-0.8, P < 0.001). In the second half of the study period (2013-2018) the relative risks of hospital admissions due to ACS were 1.043 (95%CI: 1.009-1.079, P = 0.014, lag 0) and 0.957 (95%CI: 0.925-0.990, P = 0.010, lag 1) for each 10ºC decrease in temperature; 1.049 (95% CI: 1.015-1.084, P = 0.004, lag 0) and 1.045 (95%CI: 1.011-1.080, P = 0.008, lag 1) for each 10 hPa decrease in atmospheric pressure and 1.180 (95% CI: 1.078-1.324, P = 0.007, lag 0) for every 10ºC change in temperature. For the first half of the study the risk was significantly lower. Conclusion We observed a shift in the seasonal peak of ACS occurrence from winter to spring which may be related to temperature fluctuation associated with climate change in this season. The lowest frequency of ACS took place on weekends. Atmospheric changes had a much more pronounced effect on admissions due to ACS in the second half of the analyzed period, which is in line with the dynamics of global climate change.

Long-Distance, High-Volume Transport of Coal by Slurry Pipeline

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Stripling ◽  
R. G. Holter
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The United States ◽  
Volume Transport ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Coal Slurry ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Pump Stations ◽  
Integrated System Design

Several long-distance, high-volume coal slurry transportation systems are planned or proposed for the United States. These new systems offer a method of transport that is both economical and environmentally attractive. The design of these systems will be a challenge to the pipeline engineer since an integrated, system design of several components is necessary to achieve an optimum overall effect. The pipeline, pump stations, instrumentation and controls, slurry preparation, and utilization facilities must all be considered in the design. The purpose of this paper is to describe the system components of a large coal slurry transportation system in detail and to show the special design considerations required for the overall system design considering the interrelationships of the various components.

Is There a Difference between the Effects of One-Point and Three-Point Indirect Moxibustion Stimulation on Skin Temperature Changes of the Posterior Trunk Surface?

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetoshi Mori ◽  
Tim Hideaki Tanaka ◽  
Hiroshi Kuge ◽  
Ken Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Indirect Moxibustion ◽  
Thermal Stimulation ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Posterior Trunk ◽  
The One ◽  
Stimulation Group

Objective To determine whether any difference exists in responses to indirect moxibustion relative to thermal stimulation sites. Methods Twenty one healthy men of mean±SD age 22.5±6.1 years were randomly divided into two groups, one receiving a single moxibustion stimulation in three locations (the three-point stimulation group, n=10 participants) and the other receiving three stimulations in one location (the one-point stimulation group, n=11 participants). The thermal stimulation sites were GV14, GV9 and GV4 acupuncture points. A thermograph was used to obtain the skin temperature on the posterior trunks of the participants. To analyse skin temperature, four arbitrary frames (the scapular, interscapular, lumbar and vertebral regions) were made on the posterior trunk. Result An increase in skin temperature on the posterior trunk was observed following both one- and three-point moxibustion administrations. The skin temperature of the lumbar region showed a significant increase after three-point stimulation compared with single-point stimulation (p=0.011). There was also a significant increase in skin temperature of the spinal region after three-point stimulation compared with one-point stimulation (p=0.046). Conclusion Administration of single moxibustion doses on the GV14, GV9 and GV4 points produces greater changes in skin temperature than three applications of moxibustion to the GV14 point only.

Breeding ecology of the fairy martin

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. L. Magrath
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
First Year ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Annual Productivity ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Colony Site ◽  
The One

The breeding biology of the fairy martin, Hirundo ariel, was studied over three years (1992–95) in the Yarra Valley, Victoria. Adult males and females in this population were morphologically similar, though only females acquired a brood patch during the breeding season. Colonies ranged in size from 8 to 29 nests. Birds arrived in the study area in September and usually commenced laying in October, though nesting activities were generally asynchronous both between and within colonies. Most colonies contained active nests until February. At least 16% of adults and 5% of fledglings, on average, returned to the study area in the following year. Returning adults generally nested at the same colony site as the previous year, while most first-year birds nested at sites other than their natal colony. Adult males were more likely to return than adult females. Clutch size ranged from 2 to 5, with a mean of 3.5, and declined over the season. The incubation period varied from 12 to 18 days with a mean of 13.7. A mean of 1.8 chicks fledged per completed clutch, while 60% of clutches produced at least one chick. The period from hatching to fledging varied from 17 to 32 days, with a mean of 22.1, and increased with brood size. Fledging success was highest during the middle of the breeding season. Adverse weather conditions, resulting in the abandonment of clutch and brood, were the most common cause of nest failure, and on several occasions also resulted in adult mortality. Almost half the breeding females produced at least two clutches in the one season. Pairs produced from 0 to 8 fledglings per season, with those that commenced nesting earlier in the season having higher annual productivity. These results are discussed in relation to the breeding ecology of other members of the Hirundinidae.

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