scholarly journals SNV Reoccurrence in Multiple Regions in the Genome of 2019-nCoV

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinjun He ◽  
Wei Yue ◽  
Jun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Related Genome ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Viral Recombination ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Fast Transmission

The rapid development of 2019-2020 Wuhan seafood market pneumonia currently posed a major public health concern in China. Genome sequencing identified a novel beta-coronavirus closely related to SARS-CoV, named 2019-nCoV by WHO, as the cause of this pandemic disease. Viruses with single stranded RNA genome are prone to evolve quickly by accumulation of mutations, such as SNV, INDEL and cross viral recombination, aiding fast transmission among hosts and cross species. Here we collected related genome sequences and investigated variations shared by different strains of 2019-nCoV, identified reoccurrence of SNV mutations in clusters of patients, an indication of rapid evolution of 2019-nCoV at the transmission from animal host to human. The information collected herein would help to understand the dynamics of current pandemic.

SNV Reoccurrence in Multiple Regions in the Genome of 2019-nCoV

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinjun He ◽  
Wei Yue ◽  
Jun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Related Genome ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Viral Recombination ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Fast Transmission

The rapid development of 2019-2020 Wuhan seafood market pneumonia currently posed a major public health concern in China. Genome sequencing identified a novel beta-coronavirus closely related to SARS-CoV, named 2019-nCoV by WHO, as the cause of this pandemic disease. Viruses with single stranded RNA genome are prone to evolve quickly by accumulation of mutations, such as SNV, INDEL and cross viral recombination, aiding fast transmission among hosts and cross species. Here we collected related genome sequences and investigated variations shared by different strains of 2019-nCoV, identified reoccurrence of SNV mutations in clusters of patients, an indication of rapid evolution of 2019-nCoV at the transmission from animal host to human. The information collected herein would help to understand the dynamics of current pandemic.

Implication of bats in the transmission of zoonotic strains of Salmonella in Benin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-587
Author(s):  
Kouengoua Armelle ◽  
Deguenon Esther ◽  
Dougnon T. Victorien ◽  
Farougou Souaïbou ◽  
Kpodékon Tchokponhoué Tchégninougbo Marc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Specific Virulence ◽  
Zoonotic Strains ◽  
Do So

Bats play a very important role in the transmission of zoonosis, including Salmonella. Salmonella are responsible for salmonellosis, which is a major public health concern. They are the cause of many hospitalizations and deaths worldwide. The objective of this study was to contribute to the im-provement of the control of zoonotic strains of Salmonella in Benin. To do so, a collection of 400 bats was made and after slaughter and dissection, bacteriological analyses were made on the gut to isolate and identify the different strains of Salmonella carried by these bats. The resistance profile and the presence of specific virulence gene such invA, spvR, spvC and stn were studied. The strain Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 was used as a positive control. Of the 400 bats slaughtered, 14 isolate of Salmonella spp were identified by API gallery. Therefore, the prevalence of Salmonella strains in bats was 3.5%. Salmonella spp strains isolated showed total re-sistance to amoxicillin, clavulanic acid and also to first and second genera-tions of cephalosporins. The stn and invA genes have been found in the DNA of all strains of Salmonella isolated. The consumption of bats being a com-mon practice in Benin, the risk of virulent Salmonella strains transmission must be taken very seriously and people must be sensitized to this in order to slow down the risk of infection.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from U.S. Wastewater Treatment Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Gomez-Alvarez ◽  
Jill Hoelle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Geographically Dispersed

The spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms is a major public health concern. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of three Escherichia coli isolates from primary effluent collected from geographically dispersed U.S.

scholarly journals Local-Scale Genotype Diversity of Yersinia Pestis: A Case Study from Ambohitromby, Ankazobe District (2003-2016), Madagascar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beza Ramasindrazana ◽  
Mamionah N. J. Parany ◽  
Fanohinjanaharinirina Rasoamalala ◽  
Mercia Rasoanoro ◽  
Soloandry Rahajandraibe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Central Laboratory ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
New Genotype ◽  
Different Strains

Abstract BackgroundPlague is still a major public health concern in Madagascar despite the effort to reduce human cases and understand its epidemiology. In several localities known as plague foci, human cases are reported but the origin of the infection is most on the time unknown. In the present study, we report the presence of different genotypes of Yersinia pestis co-occurring in the same locality.MethodsHuman case was sampled in October 2016 and sent to the Central Laboratory for Plague for confirmation. Further, we undertook small mammal sampling to identify the circulation of plague in reservoirs. Isolated strains from human case, rodents as well as some archived strains from the same locality were combined with previously published strains to document the genotype of circulating strains. Further, blood sample from rodents were collected for seroprevalence analysis. Results In 2016, two different strains of Y. pestis from a human case and a reservoir circulated concurrently in the Ambohitromby commune (Ankazobe District) based on plague investigation. One type had been persisting there for more than 10 years but at least one other type may have been recently introduced. Seroprevalence of plague in rodents indicates that portion of the local murine population may resist to plague. These findings have implications for plague public health investigations and surveillance in Madagascar. Multiple distinct types of Y. pestis were circulating concurrently in the Ambohitromby commune (Ankazobe District) in Madagascar. Three strains genotype are now documented in Ambohitromby with the strain isolated in rats being a new genotype which is probably new to this locality or unobserved in previous years.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Three Multiantibiotic-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Strains (2865, 2868, and 2871) Isolated from Poultry at Retail Outlets in Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Huei Teen Teh ◽  
Sui Mae Lee ◽  
Gary A. Dykes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Retail Outlets

Campylobacter jejuni is a frequent cause of human bacterial gastrointestinal foodborne disease worldwide. Antibiotic resistance in this species is of public health concern. The draft genome sequences of three multiantibiotic-resistant C. jejuni strains (2865, 2868, and 2871) isolated from poultry at retail outlets in Malaysia are presented here.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Extracellular Vesicles in COVID-19 Treatment:Opportunity and Challenge

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-yan Yan ◽  
Wen-min Zhou ◽  
Yu-qing Wang ◽  
Qiao-ru Guo ◽  
Fu-xi Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Targeted Drugs ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World

SARS-CoV-2 infection has become an urgent public health concern worldwide, severely affecting our society and economy due to the long incubation time and high prevalence. People spare no effort on the rapid development of vaccine and treatment all over the world. Amongst the numerous ways of tackling this pandemic, some approaches using extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging. In this review, we summarize current prevalence and pathogenesis of COVID-19, involving the combination of SARS-CoV-2 and virus receptor ACE2, endothelial dysfunction and micro thrombosis, together with cytokine storm. We also discuss the ongoing EVs-based strategies for the treatment of COVID-19, including mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-EVs, drug-EVs, vaccine-EVs, platelet-EVs, and others. This manuscript provides the foundation for the development of targeted drugs and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 infections.

An Overview of Dementias

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Venkata Vijaya K. Dalai ◽  
Jason E. Childress ◽  
Paul E Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neurodegenerative Dementias ◽  
Made In

Dementia is a major public health concern that afflicts an estimated 24.3 million people worldwide. Great strides are being made in order to better diagnose, prevent, and treat these disorders. Dementia is associated with multiple complications, some of which can be life-threatening, such as dysphagia. There is great variability between dementias in terms of when dysphagia and other swallowing disorders occur. In order to prepare the reader for the other articles in this publication discussing swallowing issues in depth, the authors of this article will provide a brief overview of the prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment options, and implications for eating for the common forms of neurodegenerative dementias.

Reframing Fatness: Critiquing ‘Obesity’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethan Evans ◽  
Charlotte Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Policy Language ◽  
Religious Imagery ◽  
Fat Bodies

Over the last twenty years or so, fatness, pathologised as overweight and obesity, has been a core public health concern around which has grown a lucrative international weight loss industry. Referred to as a ‘time bomb’ and ‘the terror within’, analogies of ‘war’ circulate around obesity, framing fatness as enemy.2 Religious imagery and cultural and moral ideologies inform medical, popular and policy language with the ‘sins’ of ‘gluttony’ and ‘sloth’, evoked to frame fat people as immoral at worst and unknowledgeable victims at best, and understandings of fatness intersect with gender, class, age, sexuality, disability and race to make some fat bodies more problematically fat than others. As Evans and Colls argue, drawing on Michel Foucault, a combination of medical and moral knowledges produces the powerful ‘obesity truths’ through which fatness is framed as universally abject and pathological. Dominant and medicalised discourses of fatness (as obesity) leave little room for alternative understandings.

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