scholarly journals Plants as a Prospective Source of Natural Anti-viral Compounds and Oral Vaccines Against COVID-19 Coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Yonesi ◽  
Alireza Rezazadeh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Oral Vaccines ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Viral Antigens ◽  
Antiviral Compounds ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Immunogenic Proteins ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The proposal of novel drugs and approaches for effective treatment of the novel coronavirus is a necessity after the quick outbreak of the disease. Since the commencement of the coronavirus spread, enormous efforts have been made to protect, alleviate and cure the disease, though no specific treatment has been approved. While there have been convincing results in the use of chemical drugs and interferon therapy, such therapeutic approaches have various drawbacks and lack the required performance for the treatment of the new coronavirus. Medicinal plant species can provide a solution as a source of natural antiviral compounds by the accumulation of secondary metabolites and lectins as well as acting as a platform to express the viral immunogenic proteins. This study reviews the advantages and the results of previous research for the treatment of the novel coronavirus disease and previous generations of similar coronaviruses. Several plant-derived anti coronavirus compounds have been nominated that could be targeted for further research due to the similarity of the coronavirus disease in 2003 and the current coronavirus. This review regards plant species such as Scutellaria baicalensis (Baikal skullcap), and Utrica dioica (Stinging nettle) as suitable candidates for the new coronavirus antiviral research. Furthermore, the use of plants such as Nicotiana tabacum (Tobacco) for the expression of the coronavirus viral antigens can be a target for the future vaccinal research of the new coronavirus due to the efficiency of expression and intrinsic antiviral properties.

scholarly journals Therapeutic approaches to tackle COVID-19: An overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-135
Author(s):  
Princy Louis Palatty ◽  
Rosme David ◽  
Belinda Mangalath Philip ◽  
Clint Sunny ◽  
Mamatha J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

: A series of an acute atypical respiratory disease occurred during December 2019 in Wuhan, China, that quickly metamorphosed as a pandemic, spreading across the globe, leaving more than 104,911,186 infected and more than 2,278,579 dead, in its wake within a year. This Novel Coronavirus, was also called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease was called Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19). On 30 January 2020, The World Health Organisation (WHO) Director-General, declared the novel coronavirus outbreak, a public health emergency of international concern and flagged off WHO's highest level of alarm.: To elaborate the various drug therapies used in trials and vaccines available for COVID-19 across the globe.: We compiled the literature searches under a single heading and scrutinized over 154 articles, for extracting data on the various pharmacotherapeutic approaches available to treat COVID-19.: Despite wide and varied treatment guidelines being available, the cure or prevention is still elusive for COVID-19. The categoric efficacy of vaccines must be proved to tackle the fast-mutating coronavirus.: Current medical management is largely supportive with no targeted therapy available. Several drugs including lopinavir-ritonavir, remdesivir, antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine, steroids, anticoagulants, and antidiabetic drugs like metformin have been tried in clinical trials. Vaccines targeting the three different components of SARS-CoV-2 viruses, in different phases of clinical trials world-wide, have been made available.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs as potential candidates to target specific motifs of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Natarelli ◽  
Luca Parca ◽  
Fabio Virgili ◽  
Tommaso Mazza ◽  
Christian Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Leader Sequence ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract The novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) was defined as a global pandemic and induced a severe public health crisis in 2020. Covid-19 viral infection targets the human respiratory system and, at present, no specific treatment has been identified even though certain drugs have been studied and considered apparently effective in viral progression by reducing the complications in the lung epithelium. Researchers and clinicians are still struggling to find a vaccine or a specific innovative therapeutic strategy to counter COVID-19 infection.Here we describe our study indicating that SARS-CoV-2 genome contains motif sequences in the 5´UTR leader sequence that can be selectively recognized by specific human non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as micro and long non-coding RNAs (miRNAs and lncRNA). Notably, some of these ncRNAs have been already utilized as oligo-based drugs in pulmonary and virus-associated diseases. We identified three selective motifs at the 5´UTR leader sequence of SARS-CoV-2 that allow viral recognition and binding of a specific group of miRNAs, some of them characterized by “GU” seed alignments. Additionally, one seed motif within miRNAs has been found to be able to bind the 5’UTR leader sequence. Among miRNAs having thermodynamically stable binding site against leader sequence and that are able interacted with Spike transcript some are involved in pulmonary arterial hypertension and anti-viral response, i.e. miR-204, miR-3661, and miR-1343. Moreover, several miRNA candidates have been already validated in vivo and specific oligo sequence are indeed available for their inhibition or overexpression.Four lncRNAs (H19, Hotair, Fendrr, and LINC05) directly interact with spike transcript (mRNA) and viral genome.In conclusion, we suggest that specific miRNAs and lncRNAs can be potential candidates to design oligonucleotide-drugs to treat COVID-19 and that our study can provide candidate hypothesis to be eventually tested in further experimental studies.

scholarly journals COVID-19: A Critical Review on Viral Biochemistry, Environmental Transmission, Therapeutics and Safety Measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshni Kumari ◽  
Kumari Pragati Nanda ◽  
Hena Firdaus ◽  
Soumen Dey
Keyword(s):  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Scattered Data ◽  
Review Article ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

The outbreak of coronavirus disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is declared pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) keeping in view its infection rate and toxicity level. The entire world is struggling hard to survive the prevailing health emergency. The authors realise the urgent need of contributing an overview of the present scenario to the researchers who are breathlessly trying to combat this pandemic situation. This review aimed at binding all the scattered data and research available till now on COVID-19 disease starting from its origin to transmission and spread through environmental factors till treatment and the safety measures that should be implemented. This article would possibly help the readers by providing an outlook of current scenario on various perspectives of COVID-19 disease at a single glance. The types, origin and toxicity caused are discussed in brief. The role of contaminated aerosols (viral-laden smoke from tobacco, cigarettes), wastewater, fomites, human and faecal matter are important in spreading the novel coronavirus in the environment. There is no specific treatment till date but clinical trials and diagnosis on several known drugs are on-going. The precaution and safety measures could hopefully reduce number of infections and mortality. The number of infected cases confirmed till 2 August 2020 was 17660523 with 680894 deaths in the world. We tried in this review article to summarize the scattered data available on biochemistry of SARS-CoV-2, environmental spread of virus and the safety measures to combat COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Food Containing Bioactive Flavonoids and Other Phenolic or Sulfur Phytochemicals With Antiviral Effect: Can We Design a Promising Diet Against COVID-19?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Ghidoli ◽  
Federico Colombo ◽  
Stefano Sangiorgio ◽  
Michela Landoni ◽  
Luca Giupponi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Inflammatory Action

Since in late 2019, when the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started to spread all over the world, causing the awful global pandemic we are still experiencing, an impressive number of biologists, infectious disease scientists, virologists, pharmacologists, molecular biologists, immunologists, and other researchers working in laboratories of all the advanced countries focused their research on the setting up of biotechnological tools, namely vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, as well as of rational design of drugs for therapeutic approaches. While vaccines have been quickly obtained, no satisfactory anti-Covid-19 preventive, or therapeutic approach has so far been discovered and approved. However, among the possible ways to achieve the goal of COVID-19 prevention or mitigation, there is one route, i.e., the diet, which until now has had little consideration. In fact, in the edible parts of plants supplying our food, there are a fair number of secondary metabolites mainly belonging to the large class of the flavonoids, endowed with antiviral or other health beneficial activities such as immunostimulating or anti-inflammatory action that could play a role in contributing to some extent to prevent or alleviate the viral infection and/or counteract the development of SARS induced by the novel coronavirus. In this review, a number of bioactive phytochemicals, in particular flavonoids, proven to be capable of providing some degree of protection against COVID-19, are browsed, illustrating their beneficial properties and mechanisms of action as well as their distribution in cultivated plant species which supply food for the human diet. Furthermore, room is also given to information regarding the amount in food, the resistance to cooking processes and, as a very important feature, the degree of bioavailability of these compounds. Concluding, remarks and perspectives for future studies aimed at increasing and improving knowledge and the possibility of using this natural complementary therapy to counteract COVID-19 and other viral pathologies are discussed.

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy For Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koray Yalcin ◽  
Cansu Hemsinlioglu ◽  
Rehile Zengin ◽  
Meral Sonmezoglu ◽  
Riza Hakan Erbay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarker ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

UNSTRUCTURED The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread over the world and there is still no specific treatment. Beside many drug studies, there is not enough data about the place of cellular therapies. In this study, we used second passage cGMP grade umbilical cord-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) via a combined intratracheal/intravenous route as a novel administration protocol. After the treatment, the values of inflammatory biomarker C-reactive protein of all patients decreased significantly [(before MSC therapy, mean: 84,8 mg/L (2,4-272 mg/L); after MSC administration, mean: 6,5 mg/L (0,3-25,3 mg/L)], procalcitonin decreased for 6 of 7 patients, increasing lymphocyte count was detected in 5 of 7 patients and pulmonary functions PaO2/FiO2 and Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) improved in 5 of 7 patients within 7 days after MSC therapy. At the time of MSC administration, all 7 patients were receiving mechanical ventilation. After MSC therapy, 4 of 7 patients were weaned from mechanical ventilation. Although this study has limitations, the outcomes are promising for the advanced stages of COVID-19 pneumonia.

Glycyrrhizin as a Potential Treatment for the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habeb Al-Kamel ◽  
Oliver Grundmann
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Licorice Root ◽  
World Health ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

: COVID-19 is an emerging viral infection of zoonotic origin that is closely related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that caused an outbreak in 2003. Therefore, scientists named the new virus SARS-CoV-2. On March 11, 2020, The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized COVID-19 as a global pandemic. At present, three vaccines have been approved or are being considered for approval by national regulatory agencies to immunize against COVID-19. However, the vaccines do not yet remain widely available and no specific treatment against the virus is available. The pathogenesis and proliferation pathways of SARS-CoV-2 are still not well known. Thus, in this article, the saponin glycyrrhizin is discussed as a new potential therapeutic agent of natural origin (licorice root, Glycyrrhizaglabra) for the potential treatment of COVID-19 infections.

scholarly journals Sterols and Triterpenes: Antiviral     Potential Supported by In-Silico Analysis

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Nourhan Hisham Shady ◽  
Khayrya A. Youssif ◽  
Ahmed M. Sayed ◽  
Lassaad Belbahri ◽  
Tomasz Oszako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Silico Analysis

The acute respiratory syndrome caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) caused severe panic all over the world. The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has already brought massive human suffering and major economic disruption and unfortunately, there is no specific treatment for COVID-19 so far. Herbal medicines and purified natural products can provide a rich resource for novel antiviral drugs. Therefore, in this review, we focused on the sterols and triterpenes as potential candidates derived from natural sources with well-reported in vitro efficacy against numerous types of viruses. Moreover, we compiled from these reviewed compounds a library of 162 sterols and triterpenes that was subjected to a computer-aided virtual screening against the active sites of the recently reported SARS-CoV-2 protein targets. Interestingly, the results suggested some compounds as potential drug candidates for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and treatment of acute coronary syndrome during the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 3854
Author(s):  
A. M. Namitokov ◽  
O. P. Ishevskaya ◽  
V. I. Fetisova ◽  
E. D. Kosmacheva ◽  
V. A. Porkhanov
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Patients ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 pandemic has spread to more than 180 countries. Cardiovascular patients belong to one of the susceptible population cohorts. There is a peculiar pathogenesis and variety of clinical manifestations of COVID-19, as well as difficulties with early diagnosis. Other unresolved issues are routing, surgery and therapy of such patients and comorbidities. Due to absence of well-defined algorithms and guidelines, the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in different countries is carried out differently. Interactions between antiviral and coronary artery disease medications are also not completely clear. Based on the available data, the main organizational and therapeutic approaches for ACS during the COVID-19 pandemic are reflected.

scholarly journals Potential therapeutic options for COVID-19: an update on current evidence

2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Niknam ◽  
Ameneh Jafari ◽  
Ali Golchin ◽  
Fahima Danesh Pouya ◽  
Mohadeseh Nemati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Immunoglobulin Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractSARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, is the agent responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic and is a major public health concern nowadays. The rapid and global spread of this coronavirus leads to an increase in hospitalizations and thousands of deaths in many countries. To date, great efforts have been made worldwide for the efficient management of this crisis, but there is still no effective and specific treatment for COVID-19. The primary therapies to treat the disease are antivirals, anti-inflammatories and respiratory therapy. In addition, antibody therapies currently have been a many active and essential part of SARS-CoV-2 infection treatment. Ongoing trials are proposed different therapeutic options including various drugs, convalescent plasma therapy, monoclonal antibodies, immunoglobulin therapy, and cell therapy. The present study summarized current evidence of these therapeutic approaches to assess their efficacy and safety for COVID-19 treatment. We tried to provide comprehensive information about the available potential therapeutic approaches against COVID-19 to support researchers and physicians in any current and future progress in treating COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Prophylaxis Efforts Based on Natural Antiviral Plant Extracts and Their Compounds

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 727
Author(s):  
Oksana Sytar ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
Shokoofeh Hajihashemi ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Jan Kubeš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Antiviral Compounds ◽  
Scientific Data Analysis ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

During the time of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it has been crucial to search for novel antiviral drugs from plants and well as other natural sources as alternatives for prophylaxis. This work reviews the antiviral potential of plant extracts, and the results of previous research for the treatment and prophylaxis of coronavirus disease and previous kinds of representative coronaviruses group. Detailed descriptions of medicinal herbs and crops based on their origin native area, plant parts used, and their antiviral potentials have been conducted. The possible role of plant-derived natural antiviral compounds for the development of plant-based drugs against coronavirus has been described. To identify useful scientific trends, VOSviewer visualization of presented scientific data analysis was used.

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