scholarly journals Potential therapeutic options for COVID-19: an update on current evidence

2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Niknam ◽  
Ameneh Jafari ◽  
Ali Golchin ◽  
Fahima Danesh Pouya ◽  
Mohadeseh Nemati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Immunoglobulin Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractSARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, is the agent responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic and is a major public health concern nowadays. The rapid and global spread of this coronavirus leads to an increase in hospitalizations and thousands of deaths in many countries. To date, great efforts have been made worldwide for the efficient management of this crisis, but there is still no effective and specific treatment for COVID-19. The primary therapies to treat the disease are antivirals, anti-inflammatories and respiratory therapy. In addition, antibody therapies currently have been a many active and essential part of SARS-CoV-2 infection treatment. Ongoing trials are proposed different therapeutic options including various drugs, convalescent plasma therapy, monoclonal antibodies, immunoglobulin therapy, and cell therapy. The present study summarized current evidence of these therapeutic approaches to assess their efficacy and safety for COVID-19 treatment. We tried to provide comprehensive information about the available potential therapeutic approaches against COVID-19 to support researchers and physicians in any current and future progress in treating COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Therapeutic options for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Ahmet Eroglu ◽  
Seyfi Kartal ◽  
Esra Kongur
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Stem Cells Therapy ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Respiratory Treatment

The aim of this review article is to put forth the therapeutic options for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is no specific treatment or therapy recommended for COVID-19 up to now. The therapeutic approaches should be ordered according to the severity of disease. These options can be listed from one to ten such as isolation; oxygen support; respiratory treatment; anticoagulant treatment; anti-inflammatory drugs; hydroxychloroquine and combinations therapies; antiviral drugs; convalescent plasma therapy; mesenchymal stem cells therapy and vaccination. According to the severity and stage of the disease, suitable options are recommended.

scholarly journals Fuzzy Logic Inference System for Identification and Prevention of Coronavirus (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1575-1580 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Output Factor ◽  
Linguistic Categories ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Logic Inference

Now a days Novel Coronavirus named COVID-19 becomes major health concern causing severe health issue in human beings and it becomes a pandemic. It’s a kind of zoonotic that means it can transmit animals to humans. It may spread via polluted hands or metals. No specific treatment is available so far for COVID-19, so initial identification and preventions for COVID-19 will be crucial to control or to break down the chain of COVID-19. For this purpose, we have proposed a fuzzy inference system to diagnose the COVID-19 disease by taking six input factor like as; Ethanol, Atmospheric Temperature (AT), Body Temperature (BT), Breath Shortness (BS), Cough and Cold and the output factor has divided into three linguistic categories which denotes the severity level of the infected patients.

SARS-CoV-2: Origin, pathogenesis and Therapeutic Interventions

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ipsita G Kundu ◽  
NNV Radharani ◽  
Amit S Yadav ◽  
Srinivas Patnaik ◽  
Gopal C Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Different Parts

: In December, 2019 a novel coronavirus named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) rapidly infected a large population in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China. Since then it has been spread all over the world causing a pandemic termed as Coronavirus Disease 2019 or COVID-19. It has infected over 32 million people and caused more than nine lakhs casualties worldwide till date. Till now there is no specific drug or vaccine has been developed to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. WHO has announced that personal hygiene and social distancing are the best available options against COVID-19 till now. Various experimental and re-purposed drugs are being used as preventive and supportive therapy in different parts of world. Comprehensive information about SARS-CoV-2 is required to develop therapeutic approaches for prevention of COVID-19. In this article, we have comprehensively reviewed the origin, structure and infection mechanism of SARS-CoV-2. We have also discussed the pathology of COVID-19 and various therapeutic interventions which are being used for drug development against COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Current situation and therapeutic options

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veer Singh ◽  
Vishal Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Effective Drugs

Abstract:: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is defined an illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). COVID-19 was first reported in the Wuhan, China in late December, 2019. World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global emergency on March 11, 2020. COVID-19 was rapidly transmitted and caused infection in 21,294,845 people and 761,779 deaths in more than 213 countries worldwide till August 16, 2020. United States of America (USA), Brazil, India, Russia Federation, Peru, Mexico, Colombia Spain, France, Italy, Germany, and United Kingdom (UK) stand top COVID-19 affected countries in the world. The high transmission rate of COVID-19 was might be due to large viral incubation time (2-14 days) and some modifications in the spike glycoprotein. Currently, effective drugs or vaccines are not developed for the treatment of novel coronavirus. However, few antibiotics like hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir have been currently used for the treatment of COVID-19 infection. Several collaboratives are working together for developing an effective and safe vaccine against COVID-19 and few vaccines are under clinical trial. Scientists are also working on plasma therapy and monoclonal antibodies. Nowadays, plasma therapy is considered as the most effective treatment against COVID-19 and some promising results have been achieved. This review focuses on the several therapeutic options for COVID-19 such as antiviral drugs, vaccines, plasma therapy and monoclonal antibodies. This review also covers the current situations of COVID-19 in the world. This review is about COVID-19, which will be beneficial to researchers for the development of potential treatment against COVID-19.

COVID-19: Insights into Structure-Function Relationship, Drug Targets and Drug Design Strategies for novel-Coronavirus 2019

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snigdha Bhardwaj ◽  
Shaminder Singh ◽  
Sonam Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Drug Design ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: Novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) imposed deadly health calamity with unexpected disastrous situation alarming the globe for urgent treatment regimes. World Health Organization (WHO) termed the coronavirus disease as COVID-2019 on February 11, 2020 and announced its outbreak as pandemic on 11 March 2020. The first infection was noticed in Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019 and it is believed that the corona-virus is transmitted to humans through bats as a reservoir and involving human to human transfer, although the proper intermediary transmission channel is yet unestablished. Methods: Elderly populations and patients with concomitant symptoms are more at risk as compared to middle-aged patients as it may progress to pneumonia followed by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and multi-organ failure. Morbidity rates estimated in patients are less i.e. 2-3% but the dearth of a specific treatment strategy to prevent coronavirus infection is a major concern. Results: Currently, anti-viral and anti-malarial drugs are in practice for the management of COVID-19 disease along with plasma therapy in the absence of a potent vaccine. Besides, home isolation and social distancing are the precautionary measures adopted by many countries to minimize the spread of infection. Various studies have been conducted and numerous are still going on to establish specific treatment for COVID-19. Conclusion: In this review, we summarized information on the structural components of COVID19 virus with special emphasis on virus genome, life cycle, the importance of protease enzyme, the role of spike proteins in viral replication, validated drug targets, ongoing effective treatments for COVID-19 management and the latest research on drug design to develop anti-CoV drugs.

The Role of Exosomes in the Treatment, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Pathogenesis of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Zani-Ruttenstock ◽  
Lina Antounians ◽  
Kasra Khalaj ◽  
Rebeca L. Figueira ◽  
Augusto Zani
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
The Status ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Clinical Conditions

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), continues to be a major health concern. In search for novel treatment strategies against COVID-19, exosomes have attracted the attention of scientists and pharmaceutical companies worldwide. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles, secreted by all types of cells, and considered as key mediators of intercellular communication and stem-cell paracrine signaling. Herein, we reviewed the most recent literature about the role of exosomes as potential agents for treatment, prevention, diagnosis, and pathogenesis of COVID-19. Several studies and ongoing clinical trials have been investigating the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and reparative effects of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells for COVID-19-related acute lung injury. Other studies reported that exosomes play a key role in convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19, and that they could be of use for the treatment of COVID-19 Kawasaki's-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome and as drug delivery nanocarriers for antiviral therapy. Harnessing some advantageous aspects of exosome biology, such as their endogenous origin, capability of crossing biological barriers, high stability in circulation, and low toxicity and immunogenicity, several companies have been testing exosome-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. As they carry cargos that mimic the status of parent cells, exosomes can be isolated from a variety of sources, including plasma, and employed as biomarkers of COVID-19. Lastly, there is growing evidence supporting the role of exosomes in COVID-19 infection, spread, reactivation, and reinfection. The lessons learned using exosomes for COVID-19 will help determine their efficacy and applicability in other clinical conditions.

scholarly journals Plants as a Prospective Source of Natural Anti-viral Compounds and Oral Vaccines Against COVID-19 Coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Yonesi ◽  
Alireza Rezazadeh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Oral Vaccines ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Viral Antigens ◽  
Antiviral Compounds ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Immunogenic Proteins ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The proposal of novel drugs and approaches for effective treatment of the novel coronavirus is a necessity after the quick outbreak of the disease. Since the commencement of the coronavirus spread, enormous efforts have been made to protect, alleviate and cure the disease, though no specific treatment has been approved. While there have been convincing results in the use of chemical drugs and interferon therapy, such therapeutic approaches have various drawbacks and lack the required performance for the treatment of the new coronavirus. Medicinal plant species can provide a solution as a source of natural antiviral compounds by the accumulation of secondary metabolites and lectins as well as acting as a platform to express the viral immunogenic proteins. This study reviews the advantages and the results of previous research for the treatment of the novel coronavirus disease and previous generations of similar coronaviruses. Several plant-derived anti coronavirus compounds have been nominated that could be targeted for further research due to the similarity of the coronavirus disease in 2003 and the current coronavirus. This review regards plant species such as Scutellaria baicalensis (Baikal skullcap), and Utrica dioica (Stinging nettle) as suitable candidates for the new coronavirus antiviral research. Furthermore, the use of plants such as Nicotiana tabacum (Tobacco) for the expression of the coronavirus viral antigens can be a target for the future vaccinal research of the new coronavirus due to the efficiency of expression and intrinsic antiviral properties.

SARS-COV2 virus and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 977-982
Author(s):  
Mohamed J. Saadh ◽  
Bashar Haj Rashid M ◽  
Roa’a Matar ◽  
Sajeda Riyad Aldibs ◽  
Hala Sbaih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

SARS-COV2 virus causes Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The novel coronavirus (2019) was discovered in 2019 in Wuhan, the market of the wet animal, China with viral pneumonia cases and is life-threatening. Today, WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. COVID-19 is likely to be zoonotic. It is transmitted from bats as intermediary animals to human. Also, the virus is transmitted from human to human who is in close contact with others. The computerized tomographic chest scan is usually abnormal even in those with no symptoms or mild disease. Treatment is nearly supportive; the role of antiviral agents is yet to be established. The SARS-COV2 virus spreads faster than its two ancestors, the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but has lower fatality. In this article, we aimed to summarize the transmission, symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine to control the spread of this fatal disease.

scholarly journals The intersection of COVID-19 and cancer: signaling pathways and treatment implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Zong ◽  
Yujun Wei ◽  
Jiang Ren ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Fangfang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Type I ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Checkpoint Signaling ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Anticancer Treatment ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractThe outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a serious public health concern. Patients with cancer have been disproportionately affected by this pandemic. Increasing evidence has documented that patients with malignancies are highly susceptible to severe infections and mortality from COVID-19. Recent studies have also elucidated the molecular relationship between the two diseases, which may not only help optimize cancer care during the pandemic but also expand the treatment for COVID-19. In this review, we highlight the clinical and molecular similarities between cancer and COVID-19 and summarize the four major signaling pathways at the intersection of COVID-19 and cancer, namely, cytokine, type I interferon (IFN-I), androgen receptor (AR), and immune checkpoint signaling. In addition, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of repurposing anticancer treatment for the treatment of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Bioactive Terpenes and Their Derivatives as Potential SARS-CoV-2 Proteases Inhibitors from Molecular Modeling Studies

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Lúcio Ricardo Leite Diniz ◽  
Yunierkis Perez-Castillo ◽  
Hatem A. Elshabrawy ◽  
Carlos da Silva Maia Bezerra Filho ◽  
Damião Pergentino de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Molecular Modeling Studies ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Chronic Comorbidities

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by a novel coronavirus; the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Millions of cases and deaths to date have resulted in a global challenge for healthcare systems. COVID-19 has a high mortality rate, especially in elderly individuals with pre-existing chronic comorbidities. There are currently no effective therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, the identification of effective therapeutics is a necessity. Terpenes are the largest class of natural products that could serve as a source of new drugs or as prototypes for the development of effective pharmacotherapeutic agents. In the present study, we discuss the antiviral activity of these natural products and we perform simulations against the Mpro and PLpro enzymes of SARS-CoV-2. Our results strongly suggest the potential of these compounds against human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2.

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