Towards Distributed Recycling with Additive Manufacturing of PET Flake Feedstocks

This study explores the potential to reach a circular economy for post-consumer recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) packaging and bottles by using it as a distributed recycling for additive manufacturing (DRAM) feedstock. Specifically, rPET is processed using only an open source toolchain with fused particle fabrication (FPF) or fused granular fabrication (FGF) processing. In this study, first the impact of granulation, sifting and heating (and their combination) is quantified on the shape and size distribution of the rPET flakes. Then feeding studies were performed to see if they could be printed through an external feeder or needed to be direct printed with a hopper using two Gigabot X machines, one with extended part cooling and one without. Print settings were optimized based on thermal characterization and for the latter which was shown to print rPET directly from shredded water bottles mechanical testing is performed. The results showed that geometry was important for extended feeding tubes and direct printed using a hopper. Further there is a wide disparity in the physical properties of rPET from water bottles depending on source and the history of the material. Future work is needed to enable water bottles to be used as a widespread DRAM feedstock.

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Towards Distributed Recycling with Additive Manufacturing of PET Flake Feedstocks

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13194273 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 4273

Author(s):

Helen A. Little ◽

Nagendra G. Tanikella ◽

Matthew J. Reich ◽

Matthew J. Fiedler ◽

Samantha L. Snabes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

3D Printing ◽

Thermal Characterization ◽

3D Print ◽

Wide Range ◽

3D Printed ◽

Sequential Combination ◽

Future Work ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time

This study explores the potential to reach a circular economy for post-consumer Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (rPET) packaging and bottles by using it as a Distributed Recycling for Additive Manufacturing (DRAM) feedstock. Specifically, for the first time, rPET water bottle flake is processed using only an open source toolchain with Fused Particle Fabrication (FPF) or Fused Granular Fabrication (FGF) processing rather than first converting it to filament. In this study, first the impact of granulation, sifting, and heating (and their sequential combination) is quantified on the shape and size distribution of the rPET flakes. Then 3D printing tests were performed on the rPET flake with two different feed systems: an external feeder and feed tube augmented with a motorized auger screw, and an extruder-mounted hopper that enables direct 3D printing. Two Gigabot X machines were used, each with the different feed systems, and one without and the latter with extended part cooling. 3D print settings were optimized based on thermal characterization, and both systems were shown to 3D print rPET directly from shredded water bottles. Mechanical testing showed the importance of isolating rPET from moisture and that geometry was important for uniform extrusion. The mechanical strength of 3D-printed parts with FPF and inconsistent flow is lower than optimized fused filament, but adequate for a wide range of applications. Future work is needed to improve consistency and enable water bottles to be used as a widespread DRAM feedstock.

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On the Impact of Build Envelope Sizes on E-PBF Processed Pure Iron

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B ◽

10.1007/s11663-021-02368-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

C. J. J. Torrent ◽

P. Krooß ◽

T. Niendorf

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Electron Beam ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Thermal History ◽

Powder Bed Fusion ◽

Parameter Setting ◽

Powder Bed ◽

History Of ◽

Specific Temperature ◽

The Impact

AbstractIn additive manufacturing, the thermal history of a part determines its final microstructural and mechanical properties. The factors leading to a specific temperature profile are diverse. For the integrity of a parameter setting established, periphery variations must also be considered. In the present study, iron was processed by electron beam powder bed fusion. Parts realized by two process runs featuring different build plate sizes were analyzed. It is shown that the process temperature differs significantly, eventually affecting the properties of the processed parts.

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The Impact of Circular Economy Development on China’s Industrial Management In The Age of Information

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202125101112 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 251 ◽

pp. 01112

Author(s):

Bihan Zhou

Keyword(s):

Circular Economy ◽

Corporate Management ◽

Industrial Management ◽

Industrial Enterprises ◽

Economic Growth Model ◽

Big Data Applications ◽

Management Concepts ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact ◽

Age Of Information

Since the 1990s, circular economy has appeared in China and has gradually developed and grown. In recent years, with the development of information and the popularization of big data applications, circular economy has become the mainstream economic growth model China pursued. The concept of circular economy has also had a profound impact on China’s corporate management. This article introduces the history of the development of human economy and the connotation of circular economy as well as the development history and development model of China’s circular economy. It also discusses the impact of circular economy development on the management concepts and management methods of China’s agricultural and industrial enterprises in the age of information.

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Distress screening for patients with a history of cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e13537 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e13537-e13537

Author(s):

Brooke Worster ◽

Lauren Waldman ◽

Gregory D. Garber ◽

Subecha Dahal ◽

Adam F Binder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Best Practice ◽

Cancer Center ◽

Cutoff Score ◽

Distress Screening ◽

Time Period ◽

History Of ◽

Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽

New Diagnosis ◽

Future Work ◽

The Impact

e13537 Background: Although a diagnosis of cancer is widely accepted as resulting in significant levels of distress, distress itself cannot be considered benign and screening for distress is considered a best practice metric for patients receiving oncological care. Endorsed by NCCN, the Distress Thermometer (DT) considers a cutoff score of 4 or greater to identify patient with clinically relevant levels of distress. We hypothesized that the COVID-19 pandemic would manifest with higher levels of stress and anxiety in most persons by compounding the distress experienced by patients with a diagnosis of cancer. Methods: Patients with a new diagnosis of cancer underwent distress screening with the DT prior to a clinical appointment at a NCI-designated academic cancer center. Patients who scored 4 or higher were discussed at an Interprofessional Supportive Medicine patient conference or referred to oncology social work for appropriate evaluation and therapeutic care. By mid-March 2020, the SKCC catchment area was under a public health emergency with limited access to non-essential healthcare; therefore, we present data from 1/1-3/15/20 (pre-pandemic), 3/16-6/7/20 (pandemic peak with 2000+ daily cases in late April and peak daily deaths 300+ in May), and 6/8-8/30/20 (daily cases generally less than 700 except for occasional levels of 1000-in July and daily deaths less than 40 daily). Results: In the pre-pandemic time period, 60% of patients assessed reported a score of 4 or higher. During the subsequent periods—the first pandemic peak and the first post-pandemic period—the incidence of an elevated distress screen (4 or higher) was relatively stable at about 30%. Conclusions: Contrary to expectations, the DT screen identified less patient distress during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic. Our results may be due to multiple factors—changes in processes and procedures to prioritize DT screening as pandemic risk became more apparent; an increased use of telemedicine; and the compounding of new, non-cancer related stressors resulting in the greater resiliency noted in disaster psychology. For example, during the first pandemic peak when the majority of patients were seen via telemedicine, the opportunity afforded by telemedicine for safety and decreased risk for COVID-19 infection may have reduced the overall distress experience. In addition, the compounding of stressors—the diagnosis of cancer, the risk of the pandemic, and its economic and financial stressors—may have influenced distress perception. Future work incorporating multiple distress assessment points may help better understand the impact of the layers of stress experienced by persons with cancer.[Table: see text]

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Opportunities and Challenges in Metal Forming for Lightweighting: Review and Future Work

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4047732 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jian Cao ◽

Mihaela Banu

Keyword(s):

Circular Economy ◽

Metal Forming ◽

Research Work ◽

100Th Anniversary ◽

Performance Constraints ◽

Historical Perspectives ◽

Historical Progress ◽

Asme Journal ◽

Future Work ◽

The Impact

Abstract The purposes of this review are to summarize the historical progress in the last 60 years of lightweight metal forming, to analyze the state-of-the-art, and to identify future directions in the context of Cyber-physically enabled circular economy. In honoring the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the Manufacturing Engineering Division of ASME, this review paper first provides the impact of the metal forming sector on the economy and historical perspectives of metal forming research work published by the ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, followed by the motivations and trends in lightweighting. To achieve lightweighting, one needs to systematically consider: (1) materials and material characterization; (2) innovative forming processes; and (3) simulation tools for integrated part design and process design. A new approach for process innovation, i.e., the Performance-Constraints-Mechanism-Innovation (PCMI) framework, is proposed to systematically seek new processes. Finally, trends and challenges for the further development in circular economy are presented for future exploration.

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Legal History As Economic History

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198794356.013.12 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Anne Fleming

Keyword(s):

Economic History ◽

Legal History ◽

Past Century ◽

Theoretical Frameworks ◽

The Past ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Political Economy ◽

Future Work ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Over the past century, legal history and economic history developed as separate fields of scholarship. Their separation reflects an understanding of law and economy as distinct objects that may be pulled apart and each analysed apart from the other. Yet, even assuming that law and economy are separable, it is undeniable that they interact. This chapter first maps the state of the field over the past several decades, identifying two major questions that have guided much of the scholarship on the border between legal and economic history. It then describes two of the theoretical frameworks available to legal historians for conceptualizing the relationship between law and economy. Finally, it argues that future work on the history of political economy should put aside measuring the impact of law on economy (and vice versa) and instead explore how the boundary between law and economy has been constructed and maintained over time.

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Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000399 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 265-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Meshan Lehmann ◽

Matthew R. Hilimire ◽

Lawrence H. Yang ◽

Bruce G. Link ◽

Jordan E. DeVylder

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Self Esteem ◽

High Risk Population ◽

High Functioning ◽

People With Mental Illness ◽

History Of ◽

The Individual ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

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Does kraft hardwood and softwood pulp viscosity correlate to paper properties?

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj15.10.643 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 643-651 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ROBERT J. OGLESBY ◽

HUMPHREY J. MOYNIHAN ◽

RICARDO B. SANTOS ◽

ASHOK GHOSH ◽

PETER W. HART

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Strength Loss ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Clear Correlation ◽

Paper Properties ◽

Physical Strength ◽

Pulp Viscosity ◽

Softwood Pulp ◽

The Impact ◽

The Film World’s Cooperative Store: Institutions and Films of the 1930s and 1940s

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424134.003.0005 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

C. Claire Thomson

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Meat Products ◽

Public Information ◽

Early History ◽

World War ◽

International Context ◽

German Occupation ◽

History Of ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact

This chapter traces the early history of state-sponsored informational filmmaking in Denmark, emphasising its organisation as a ‘cooperative’ of organisations and government agencies. After an account of the establishment and early development of the agency Dansk Kulturfilm in the 1930s, the chapter considers two of its earliest productions, both process films documenting the manufacture of bricks and meat products. The broader context of documentary in Denmark is fleshed out with an account of the production and reception of Poul Henningsen’s seminal film Danmark (1935), and the international context is accounted for with an overview of the development of state-supported filmmaking in the UK, Italy and Germany. Developments in the funding and output of Dansk Kulturfilm up to World War II are outlined, followed by an account of the impact of the German Occupation of Denmark on domestic informational film. The establishment of the Danish Government Film Committee or Ministeriernes Filmudvalg kick-started aprofessionalisation of state-sponsored filmmaking, and two wartime public information films are briefly analysed as examples of its early output. The chapter concludes with an account of the relations between the Danish Resistance and an emerging generation of documentarists.

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A Left History of Liquorice: What It Means to Write "Left" History

Left History: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Historical Inquiry and Debate ◽

10.25071/1913-9632.39504 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bryan D. Palmer

Keyword(s):

Historical Study ◽

Right Wing ◽

Special Edition ◽

Political Climate ◽

Historical Approach ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact

This article is part of a special Left History series reflecting upon changing currents and boundaries in the practice of left history, and outlining the challenges historians of the left must face in the current tumultuous political climate. This series extends a conversation first convened in a 2006 special edition of Left History (11.1), which asked the question, “what is left history?” In the updated series, contributors were asked a slightly modified question, “what does it mean to write ‘left’ history?” The article charts the impact of major political developments on the field of left history in the last decade, contending that a rising neoliberal and right-wing climate has constructed an environment inhospitable to the discipline’s survival. To remain relevant, Palmer calls for historians of the left to develop a more “open-ended and inclusive” understanding of the left and to push the boundaries of inclusion for a meaningful historical study of the left. To illustrate, Palmer provides a brief materialist history of liquorice to demonstrate the mutability of left history as a historical approach, rather than a set of traditional political concerns.

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