scholarly journals Predicting Key Grassland Characteristics from Hyperspectral Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Jackman ◽  
Thomas Lee ◽  
Michael French ◽  
Jayadeep Sasikumar ◽  
Patricia O’Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Circular Spot ◽  
East Midlands

A series of experiments were conducted to measure and quantify the yield, dry matter content, sugars content and nitrates content of grass intended for ensilement. These experiments took place in the East Midlands of Ireland during the Spring, Summer and Autumn of 2019. A bespoke sensor rig was constructed; included in this rig was a hyperspectral radiometer that measured a broad spectrum of reflected natural light from a circular spot approximately 1.2 metres in area. Grass inside a 50cm square quadrat was manually collected from the centre of the circular spot for ground truth estimation of the grass qualities. Up to 25 spots were recorded and sampled each day. The radiometer readings for each spot were automatically recorded onto a laptop that controlled the sensor rig, and ground truth measurements were made either on site or within 24 hours in a wet chemistry laboratory. The collected data was used to build Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) predictive models of grass qualities from the hyperspectral dataset and it was found that substantial relationships exist between the spectral reflectance from the grass and yield (r2 = 0.62), dry matter % (r2 = 0.54), sugar content (r2 = 0.54) and nitrates (r2 = 0.50). This shows that hyperspectral reflectance data contains substantial information about key grass qualities and can form part of a broader holistic data driven approach to provide accurate and rapid predictions to farmers, agronomists and agricultural contractors.

scholarly journals Predicting Key Grassland Characteristics from Hyperspectral Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-322
Author(s):  
Patrick Jackman ◽  
Thomas Lee ◽  
Michael French ◽  
Jayadeep Sasikumar ◽  
Patricia O’Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Circular Spot ◽  
East Midlands

A series of experiments were conducted to measure and quantify the yield, dry matter content, sugars content, and nitrates content of grass intended for ensilement. These experiments took place in the East Midlands of Ireland during the Spring, Summer, and Autumn of 2019. A bespoke sensor rig was constructed; included in this rig was a hyperspectral radiometer that measured a broad spectrum of reflected natural light from a circular spot approximately 1.2 m in area. Grass inside a 50 cm square quadrat was manually collected from the centre of the circular spot for ground truth estimation of the grass qualities. Up to 25 spots were recorded and sampled each day. The radiometer readings for each spot were automatically recorded onto a laptop that controlled the sensor rig, and ground truth measurements were made either on-site or within 24 h in a wet chemistry laboratory. The collected data was used to build Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) predictive models of grass qualities from the hyperspectral dataset, and it was found that substantial relationships exist between the spectral reflectance from the grass and yield (r2 = 0.62), dry matter % (r2 = 0.54), sugar content (r2 = 0.54) and nitrates (r2 = 0.50). This shows that hyperspectral reflectance data contains substantial information about key grass qualities and can form part of a broader holistic data-driven approach to provide accurate and rapid predictions to farmers, agronomists, and agricultural contractors.

scholarly journals Early prediction of biomass in hybrid rye based on hyperspectral data surpasses genomic predictability in less-related breeding material

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 1409-1422
Author(s):  
Rodrigo José Galán ◽  
Angela-Maria Bernal-Vasquez ◽  
Christian Jebsen ◽  
Hans-Peter Piepho ◽  
Patrick Thorwarth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Early Prediction ◽  
Bivariate Model ◽  
Fresh Matter

Abstract Key message Hyperspectral data is a promising complement to genomic data to predict biomass under scenarios of low genetic relatedness. Sufficient environmental connectivity between data used for model training and validation is required. Abstract The demand for sustainable sources of biomass is increasing worldwide. The early prediction of biomass via indirect selection of dry matter yield (DMY) based on hyperspectral and/or genomic prediction is crucial to affordably untap the potential of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) as a dual-purpose crop. However, this estimation involves multiple genetic backgrounds and genetic relatedness is a crucial factor in genomic selection (GS). To assess the prospect of prediction using reflectance data as a suitable complement to GS for biomass breeding, the influence of trait heritability ($$H^{2}$$ H 2 ) and genetic relatedness were compared. Models were based on genomic (GBLUP) and hyperspectral reflectance-derived (HBLUP) relationship matrices to predict DMY and other biomass-related traits such as dry matter content (DMC) and fresh matter yield (FMY). For this, 270 elite rye lines from nine interconnected bi-parental families were genotyped using a 10 k-SNP array and phenotyped as testcrosses at four locations in two years (eight environments). From 400 discrete narrow bands (410 nm–993 nm) collected by an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) on two dates in each environment, 32 hyperspectral bands previously selected by Lasso were incorporated into a prediction model. HBLUP showed higher prediction abilities (0.41 – 0.61) than GBLUP (0.14 – 0.28) under a decreased genetic relationship, especially for mid-heritable traits (FMY and DMY), suggesting that HBLUP is much less affected by relatedness and $$H^{2}$$ H 2 . However, the predictive power of both models was largely affected by environmental variances. Prediction abilities for DMY were further enhanced (up to 20%) by integrating both matrices and plant height into a bivariate model. Thus, data derived from high-throughput phenotyping emerges as a suitable strategy to efficiently leverage selection gains in biomass rye breeding; however, sufficient environmental connectivity is needed.

scholarly journals Iodine Biofortification of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Grown in Field

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1916
Author(s):  
Iwona Ledwożyw-Smoleń ◽  
Sylwester Smoleń ◽  
Stanisław Rożek ◽  
Włodzimierz Sady ◽  
Piotr Strzetelski
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Daily Diet

Despite wide prevention programmes, iodine deficiency remains a substantial problem in various populations around the world. Consumption of crop plants with increased iodine content may help supply additional amounts of that element in a daily diet. The aim of the work was to evaluate the efficiency of iodine biofortification of potato tubers. Soil application of KI and foliar application of KIO3 in doses up to 2.0 kg I ha−1 were tested in a three-year field experiment. Biomass, yield as well as dry matter, iodine, starch, and soluble sugar content in potato tubers were analyzed. No negative effect of tested methods of iodine application on potato yield or dry matter content was observed. Both soil and foliar application of iodine allowed to obtain potato tubers with increased content of that element with no decrease of starch or sugar content. The highest efficiency of iodine biofortification was noted for foliar spraying with KIO3 in a dose of 2.0 kg I ha−1. The obtained level of iodine in 100 g of potatoes could be sufficient to cover up to 25% of Recommended Daily Allowance for that element. The findings of the study indicate that potatoes biofortified with iodine can become an additional source of I in a daily diet.

Dry matter, Free Sugar and Starch Changes in Tuber Regions of White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.), and the Effect of Storage Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-309
Author(s):  
Elsie Hamadina
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Tail Region ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Rapid Changes

This study was conducted to determine the changes in dry matter (DM), free sugar (FS) and starch contents in the three yam (D. rotundata) tuber regions under two storage environmental conditions (natural light- yam barn, or and darkness). Three varieties of D. rotundata (alaako, Dodoro and Odo) were studied. The dry matter content of the Head region was the highest (28.6%), followed by the Middle (26.9%) and Tail (22.3%) regions. Change in dry matter content of the tuber is mainly due to rapid changes in the dry matter content of the Tail region over time. Storage environment significantly (P< 0.05) affected dry matter content of the three tuber regions at 8 and 16 weeks in storage (WIS). Head regions per variety were lower in dry matter when stored under Light than in the Dark at 8 WIS, while the reverse was the case for the Tail. This may relate to the release of endodormancy. By 16 WIS, when tubers stored under Light had well developed sprouts and those stored in the Dark only showed the first sign of sprouting, all Head regions had higher dry matter content under Light than in Dark storage. This may be due to the presence of sprouts. Storage environment did not significantly affect starch content at the various tuber regions. Head regions had higher percentage free sugar content under Light than Dark storage, and these effects were manifested between 8 and 16 WIS.

scholarly journals Characteristic Profiles of an Original Drink Sap from Male and Female Deglet Nour Palm (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) during Collection Period

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ines Makhlouf-Gafsi ◽  
Abir Mokni-Ghribi ◽  
Hamadi Attia ◽  
Christophe Blecker ◽  
Souhail Besbes
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Kjeldahl Method ◽  
Protein Amino Acids ◽  
Collection Period

This work aimed to evaluate the nutritional quality of a typical natural drink from male and female Deglet Nour (DN) date palm (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) during the collection period. Dry matter, protein, amino acids, and sugar profiles were determined using AFNOR norm, Kjeldahl method, HPLC, and HPAEC-PAD, respectively. The male sap dry matter content was higher than that of the female. It decreased significantly through the tapping period. During the harvest, the male sap protein content decreased but increased significantly in the female sap. Finally, sugar fraction, for both male and female DN sap, was dominated by sucrose, glucose, fructose, and a small amount of myo-inositol. During the collection time, sugar content is affected by the sex especially for myo-inositol content that increased significantly in the female date sap, unlike that of the male one. This may be related to the fact that the male palm is more resistant to physiological stress, inducing myo-inositol formation during tapping.

scholarly journals The Effect of Polyethylene Film and Polypropylene Non-Woven Fabric Cover on Cobs Parameters and Nutritional Value of Two Sweet Maize (Zea mays L. var. saccharata Bailey) Hybrids

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Adamczewska-Sowińska ◽  
Józef Sowiński ◽  
Mirosław Anioł ◽  
Piotr Ochodzki ◽  
Roman Warzecha
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Polyethylene Film ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
F1 Hybrid

In 2012–2014, at the Research and Didactic Station of the Department of Horticulture at Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences (51°19′06′′ N, 17°03′49′′ E), field studies were conducted to evaluate the responses of two sweet maize hybrids to sowing dates (early and optimum) and five methods of maize plant coverings—polyethylene film: perforated (PE), red (PER), green (PEG), polypropylene non-woven fabric (PP), and control (C), with non-irrigation systems. Total yield and morphological characteristics of cobs were compared. In 2012 soluble sugars and carotenoids content were measured. The use of maize cover at the beginning of growth (PE and PER) significantly influenced the number of rows, while PE and PEG increased the number of grains per cob. Covering maize sown at a later date, with polyethylene film and non-woven fabric, ensured better production effects than using such covers after earlier sowing. Signet F1 hybrid was charact0erized by significantly higher sugar content and Rustler F1 by higher lutein and zeaxanthin levels. The application of the optimum sowing date resulted in a significantly higher yield of cobs, by 11.3%, than after early sowing. The yield increase as a result of the applied covers was higher after sowing at a later date. The content of dry matter in grains was positively correlated with the content of sucrose, glucose, and fructose. The change in carotenoids content also depended on the accumulation of dry matter in the kernels. The study confirmed the correlation of sweet maize accumulated growing degree days (AGDD), and revealed dependence of grain quality on dry matter content in the grain.

scholarly journals Optimization of Instrument Design for In-Line Monitoring of Dry Matter Content in Single Potatoes by NIR Interaction Spectroscopy

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 828
Author(s):  
Jens Petter Wold ◽  
Marion O’Farrell ◽  
Petter Vejle Andersen ◽  
Jon Tschudi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Instrument Design ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Important Quality

Dry matter (DM) content is one of the most important quality features of potatoes. It defines the physical properties of the potatoes and determines what kind of product the potatoes can be used for. This paper presents the results obtained by a novel prototype NIR (near-infrared) instrument designed to measure DM content in single potatoes in process. The instrument is based on interaction measurements to measure deeper into the potatoes. It measures rapidly, up to 50 measurements per second, allowing several moving potatoes to be measured per second. The instrument also enables several interactance distances to be recorded for each measurement. The instrument was calibrated based on three different potato varieties and the calibration measurements were done in a process plant, making the calibration model suitable for in-line use. A good calibration for DM was obtained by partial least squares regression (RMSECV = 0.78% DM, R2 = 0.91). The instrument was tested in-line in the process plant and several batches of potatoes were monitored for the estimation of the DM distribution per batch. Accuracy of DM determination as function of measurement position on the potato was studied, and results indicate that NIR scans along the center part of the potatoes give slightly better results compared to scans taken on either side of the center. Small differences in optical measurement geometry influence the accuracy of the calibration models, underlining the importance of optimizing instrument design for successful measurements.

scholarly journals Effect of different stages of maturity and postharvest treatments on quality and storability of pineapple

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
SI Kamol ◽  
J Howlader ◽  
GC Sutra Dhar ◽  
M Aklimuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Edible Portion ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Total Titratable Acidity

A study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of different maturity stages and postharvest treatments on the storage behavior of Pineapple fruits. Two distinct maturity stages viz., premature (30 days before attaining optimum maturity) and optimum mature fruits were harvested and placed in the laboratory room. On the same day six postharvest treatments viz., control, preserved in unperforated polyethylene bag, tilt, 100 ppm NAA, 200 ppm NAA, and 300 ppm NAA were assigned to that fruits. The two-factor experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications. There was significant variation between two maturity stages and among different treatments in relation to fruit characteristics. At 18 days of storage, premature fruits contained the maximum shelf-life (19.33 days), total weight loss (16.00%), moisture content (92.66%), total titratable acidity (0.77%), ascorbic acid content (17.49 mg/100g fruit) while the minimum (14.5 days), (14.67%), (90.66%), (0.68%), (9.75 mg/100g fruit) in optimum mature fruits, respectively. On the other hand, optimum mature fruits had higher dry matter content (14.78%), edible portion (67.77%), TSS (16.03%), pulp to peel ratio (2.56), total sugar content (13.5%) while these were minimum (12.57%), (65.16%), (14.43%), (2.37), (10.56%) in pre mature fruits, respectively. The fruits treated with 100 ppm NAA treatment showed the highest shelf life (22.83 days), pulp to peel ratio (2.94), total titratable acidity (0.67%), ascorbic acid content (16.78 mg/100g fruit pulp) and the lowest was in total sugar content (10.96%). Fruits treated with unperforated polythene bag gave the maximum edible portion (71.72%), moisture content (88.3%), and the minimum were in weight loss (3.42%), dry matter content (11.7%), TSS (14.68%). On the other hand, fruits with 5% tilt treatment showed the minimum total titratable acidity (0.58%) and ascorbic acid content (12.28 mg/100 g fruit pulp). Fruits with control represented the highest weight loss (19.135%), dry matter content (13.7%), total sugar content (12.75%) and the lowest were in shelf life (12.66 days), edible portion (60.098%), pulp to peel ratio (1.93). Among the treated and untreated fruits, unperforated polyethylene bag and 100 ppm NAA treatment exhibited better storage performance.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(2): 251-260, December 2014

scholarly journals The effects of different methods of cultivation and plant spacing on the chemical composition of broccoli heads

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Grabowska ◽  
Edward Kunicki ◽  
Andrzej Libik
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Direct Sowing

Abstract The aim of the present experiment was to assess the influence of the method of cultivation and spacing on the market and nutritive quality of ‘Lord F1’ broccoli heads. The experiment was conducted at the University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland, in 2002-2004. The method of broccoli cultivation (direct sowing or transplanting, and spacing: 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm × 67.5 cm) had no clear influence on the dry matter content in the heads. The mean dry matter content in broccoli heads was 9.5%, and reducing sugar was 1.12% of fresh matter. In 2002 and 2004, transplanting resulted in an increase of soluble sugar content as compared to direct sowing. The element content in broccoli was dependent mainly on the vegetation season, but in many cases directly sown plants had more phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. With the increase of spacing in rows the content of some elements (P, K, Ca, Mg) in broccoli heads rose in the first year of the experiment. The mean content of elements found in broccoli heads was as follows (in mg kg-1 of dry matter): phosphorus 6001, potassium 23447, calcium 3696, magnesium 1583, and iron 66.7.

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