scholarly journals Early prediction of biomass in hybrid rye based on hyperspectral data surpasses genomic predictability in less-related breeding material

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 1409-1422
Author(s):  
Rodrigo José Galán ◽  
Angela-Maria Bernal-Vasquez ◽  
Christian Jebsen ◽  
Hans-Peter Piepho ◽  
Patrick Thorwarth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Early Prediction ◽  
Bivariate Model ◽  
Fresh Matter

Abstract Key message Hyperspectral data is a promising complement to genomic data to predict biomass under scenarios of low genetic relatedness. Sufficient environmental connectivity between data used for model training and validation is required. Abstract The demand for sustainable sources of biomass is increasing worldwide. The early prediction of biomass via indirect selection of dry matter yield (DMY) based on hyperspectral and/or genomic prediction is crucial to affordably untap the potential of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) as a dual-purpose crop. However, this estimation involves multiple genetic backgrounds and genetic relatedness is a crucial factor in genomic selection (GS). To assess the prospect of prediction using reflectance data as a suitable complement to GS for biomass breeding, the influence of trait heritability ($$H^{2}$$ H 2 ) and genetic relatedness were compared. Models were based on genomic (GBLUP) and hyperspectral reflectance-derived (HBLUP) relationship matrices to predict DMY and other biomass-related traits such as dry matter content (DMC) and fresh matter yield (FMY). For this, 270 elite rye lines from nine interconnected bi-parental families were genotyped using a 10 k-SNP array and phenotyped as testcrosses at four locations in two years (eight environments). From 400 discrete narrow bands (410 nm–993 nm) collected by an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) on two dates in each environment, 32 hyperspectral bands previously selected by Lasso were incorporated into a prediction model. HBLUP showed higher prediction abilities (0.41 – 0.61) than GBLUP (0.14 – 0.28) under a decreased genetic relationship, especially for mid-heritable traits (FMY and DMY), suggesting that HBLUP is much less affected by relatedness and $$H^{2}$$ H 2 . However, the predictive power of both models was largely affected by environmental variances. Prediction abilities for DMY were further enhanced (up to 20%) by integrating both matrices and plant height into a bivariate model. Thus, data derived from high-throughput phenotyping emerges as a suitable strategy to efficiently leverage selection gains in biomass rye breeding; however, sufficient environmental connectivity is needed.

scholarly journals Effect of harvest period on the quality of storage roots and protein content of the leaves in five cassava cultivars (Manihot esculenta, Crantz)

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edvaldo Sagrilo ◽  
Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho ◽  
Manoel Genildo Pequeno ◽  
Carlos Alberto Scapim ◽  
Maria Celeste Gonçalves Vidigal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Fresh Matter

The effect of harvest period on the quality of storage roots and leaves of cassava cultivars was determined in an experiment carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications in a split plot scheme, with five cultivars in the plots and ten harvest times in the subplots. The IAC 13 cultivar had the highest rate of dry matter accumulation in the storage roots and the Mico cultivar the lowest. The period of least dry matter content in the storage roots occurred later for the Fécula Branca, Mico and IAC 14 cultivars, and the minimum starch content in the storage roots occurred later for the Fécula Branca and Mico cultivars. In general, the IAC 13, IAC 14 and Fécula Branca cultivars had higher dry matter content in the storage roots, while higher starch content in the dry and fresh matter were obtained in the Fécula Branca cultivar. The crude protein content in the leaves decreased as the plant aged.

scholarly journals Predicting Key Grassland Characteristics from Hyperspectral Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-322
Author(s):  
Patrick Jackman ◽  
Thomas Lee ◽  
Michael French ◽  
Jayadeep Sasikumar ◽  
Patricia O’Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Circular Spot ◽  
East Midlands

A series of experiments were conducted to measure and quantify the yield, dry matter content, sugars content, and nitrates content of grass intended for ensilement. These experiments took place in the East Midlands of Ireland during the Spring, Summer, and Autumn of 2019. A bespoke sensor rig was constructed; included in this rig was a hyperspectral radiometer that measured a broad spectrum of reflected natural light from a circular spot approximately 1.2 m in area. Grass inside a 50 cm square quadrat was manually collected from the centre of the circular spot for ground truth estimation of the grass qualities. Up to 25 spots were recorded and sampled each day. The radiometer readings for each spot were automatically recorded onto a laptop that controlled the sensor rig, and ground truth measurements were made either on-site or within 24 h in a wet chemistry laboratory. The collected data was used to build Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) predictive models of grass qualities from the hyperspectral dataset, and it was found that substantial relationships exist between the spectral reflectance from the grass and yield (r2 = 0.62), dry matter % (r2 = 0.54), sugar content (r2 = 0.54) and nitrates (r2 = 0.50). This shows that hyperspectral reflectance data contains substantial information about key grass qualities and can form part of a broader holistic data-driven approach to provide accurate and rapid predictions to farmers, agronomists, and agricultural contractors.

scholarly journals The effects of different methods of cultivation and plant spacing on the chemical composition of broccoli heads

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Grabowska ◽  
Edward Kunicki ◽  
Andrzej Libik
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Direct Sowing

Abstract The aim of the present experiment was to assess the influence of the method of cultivation and spacing on the market and nutritive quality of ‘Lord F1’ broccoli heads. The experiment was conducted at the University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland, in 2002-2004. The method of broccoli cultivation (direct sowing or transplanting, and spacing: 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm × 67.5 cm) had no clear influence on the dry matter content in the heads. The mean dry matter content in broccoli heads was 9.5%, and reducing sugar was 1.12% of fresh matter. In 2002 and 2004, transplanting resulted in an increase of soluble sugar content as compared to direct sowing. The element content in broccoli was dependent mainly on the vegetation season, but in many cases directly sown plants had more phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. With the increase of spacing in rows the content of some elements (P, K, Ca, Mg) in broccoli heads rose in the first year of the experiment. The mean content of elements found in broccoli heads was as follows (in mg kg-1 of dry matter): phosphorus 6001, potassium 23447, calcium 3696, magnesium 1583, and iron 66.7.

scholarly journals Predicting Key Grassland Characteristics from Hyperspectral Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Jackman ◽  
Thomas Lee ◽  
Michael French ◽  
Jayadeep Sasikumar ◽  
Patricia O’Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Circular Spot ◽  
East Midlands

A series of experiments were conducted to measure and quantify the yield, dry matter content, sugars content and nitrates content of grass intended for ensilement. These experiments took place in the East Midlands of Ireland during the Spring, Summer and Autumn of 2019. A bespoke sensor rig was constructed; included in this rig was a hyperspectral radiometer that measured a broad spectrum of reflected natural light from a circular spot approximately 1.2 metres in area. Grass inside a 50cm square quadrat was manually collected from the centre of the circular spot for ground truth estimation of the grass qualities. Up to 25 spots were recorded and sampled each day. The radiometer readings for each spot were automatically recorded onto a laptop that controlled the sensor rig, and ground truth measurements were made either on site or within 24 hours in a wet chemistry laboratory. The collected data was used to build Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) predictive models of grass qualities from the hyperspectral dataset and it was found that substantial relationships exist between the spectral reflectance from the grass and yield (r2 = 0.62), dry matter % (r2 = 0.54), sugar content (r2 = 0.54) and nitrates (r2 = 0.50). This shows that hyperspectral reflectance data contains substantial information about key grass qualities and can form part of a broader holistic data driven approach to provide accurate and rapid predictions to farmers, agronomists and agricultural contractors.

scholarly journals Dry matter yield and bromatological composition of gliricidia in different crop densities

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1038-1043
Author(s):  
Edivilson Silva Castro Filho ◽  
Evandro Neves Muniz ◽  
José Henrique de Albuquerque Rangel ◽  
Gladston Rafael de Arruda Santos ◽  
José Adelson Santana Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Year Effect

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different gliricidia planting densities on productive and qualitative parameters. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station Pedro Arle, Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros (Embrapa Coastal Tablelands), in Frei Paulo, Sergipe, Brazil. The effect of densities of 10,000; 20,000; 30,000 and 40,000 plants ha-1 was tested in biomass production (fresh and dry), dry matter content (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid-detergent fiber (ADF), in gliricidia leaves and tender stems. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design with four replications. Production of leaf and stem fresh biomass; production of leaf dry matter; percentage of fresh leaves in relation to the total fresh matter; and percentage of leaf dry matter of 13 cuttings were evaluated from September 2nd, 2009 to December 18th, 2013. There was increase in the production of total fresh matter, leaf fresh matter, and leaf dry matter (P<0.05) in planting densities greater than 20,000 plants ha-1. Year effect (P<0.05) was found only for total production of fresh matter, production of fresh leaves, percentage of leaf fresh matter, leaf dry matter content and crude protein.

scholarly journals Évaluation de la consommation et caractérisation nutritionnelle des feuilles de Tiliacora funifera

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 15888-15904
Author(s):  
MANANGA Vital ◽  
ITOUA OKOUANGO Yvon Simplice ◽  
MOUKASSA Wolfgon ◽  
BOUKOU Gabriëlla Jesnaure ◽  
ELENGA Michel
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Teneur En Eau

Objectif : Une étude a été réalisée sur un légume feuille utilisé comme assaisonnement (épices et condiment) par la population de Komono : les feuilles Tiliacora funifera. L’objectif général de ce travail est de réaliser une évaluation de la consommation et une caractérisation de la valeur nutritive de ce condiment et épice sauvage : les feuilles Tiliacora funifera. Méthodologie et Résultats : Une enquête transversale de consommation des feuilles Tiliacora funifera a été menée à Komono centre sur 170 ménages. La caractérisation s’est basée par la détermination de la teneur en eau, de matière sèche, en lipide totaux, en protéines totales, en glucides totaux et en cendres totales. Il ressort des enquêtes que, la feuille de Tiliacora funifera est un assaisonnement connu et consommé par tous les enquêtés (100%). La partie consommée est la feuille (100%), dans le but de rehausser le goût du saka-saka (100%). Saka-saka est un plat préparé à base des feuilles de manioc. Les enquêtés s’approvisionnent beaucoup plus en forêt (95,3%) par la cueillette (98,2%). Les feuilles de Tiliacora funifera sont consommées uniquement dans le saka-saka sous forme cuite (98,8%). sa fréquences de consommation est de plusieurs fois par semaine (32,9%) avec le manioc comme aliment d’accompagnement de préférence (84,1%). Les feuilles de Tiliacora funifera ne sont pas saisonnières, elles sont consommées toutes les saisons (92,3%). Ces feuilles procurent le gout sucré dans le saka- saka (96,4%). Les résultats de laboratoire donnent les caractéristiques morphologiques et nutritives suivantes : longueur des feuilles 10,14±2,25cm, largeur des feuilles 6,16±2,35 cm, nombre de nervures secondaires 11±3,60, nombre de nervures principales 1±0, longueur de pétiole 2,14±1,20cm. La teneur en eau représente 50,17±6,70 de matière fraîche ; teneur en matière sèche 49,81±6,70 de matière fraîche ; teneur en protéines : 0,57±0,74 de matière sèche ; teneur en lipides : 5,50±1,50de matière sèche ; teneur en glucides 88,53±3,76de matière sèche. Une teneur en cendres : 5,36±3,37 de matière sèche. L’énergie apportée par ces feuilles est de 406,0 Kcal. Conclusion et application des résultats : Les feuilles de Tiliacora funifera sont beaucoup utilisées par la population de la Lékoumou dans la préparation du plat de saka-saka. Elles procurent une valeur ajoutée à Mananga et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 Évaluation de la consommation et caractérisation nutritionnelle des feuilles de Tiliacora funifera 15889 ce plat en apportant une bonne saveur (bon goût). Ces feuilles auraient une bonne qualité organoleptique et méritent d’être classées dans la liste des assaisonnements (condiment et épices). Ces feuilles seraient aussi énergétiques. Mots clés : enquête de consommation, qualité nutritive, Komono ABSTRACT Objective: A study was carried out on a leaf vegetable Tiliacora funifera used as a seasoning (spices and condiment) by the population of Komono. The general objective of this work is to carry out an evaluation of the consumption and a the nutritional value of this wild condiment and spice : the leaves Tiliacora funifera. Methodology and Results: A cross-sectional survey of consumption of Tiliacora funifera leaves was carried out in Komono center on 170 households. The characterization was based on the determination of the of water content, dry matter, total fat, total protein, total carbohydrates and total ash. Surveys show that the Tiliacora funifera leaf is a seasoning known and consumed by all Respondents (100%). The part consumed is the leaf (100%), in order to enhance the taste of saka-saka (100%). Saka-saka is a dish prepared from cassava leaves. Respondents obtain the leaves more from the forest (95.3%) and through gathering (98.2%). The leaves of Tiliacora funifera are consumed only in saka-saka in cooked form (98.8%). Its consumption frequency is several times a week (32.9%) with cassava as a complementary food preferably (84.1%). The leaves of Tiliacora funifera are not seasonal, they are eaten in all seasons (92.3%). These leaves provide the sweet taste in saka-saka (96.4%). The laboratory results give the following morphological and nutritional characteristics: leaf length 10.14 ± 2.25cm, leaf width 6.16 ± 2.35cm, number of secondary veins 11 ± 3.60, number of main veins 1 ± 0, petiole length 2.14 ± 1.20cm. The water content represents 50.17 ± 6.70 of fresh matter; dry matter content 49.81 ± 6.70 fresh matter; protein content: 0.57 ± 0.74 dry matter; lipid content: 5.50 ± 1.50 of dry matter; carbohydrate content 88.53 ± 3.76 dry matter. Ash content: 5.36 ± 3.37 dry matter. The energy provided by this leaf is 406.0 Kcal. Conclusion and application of results: The leaves of Tiliacora funifera are widely used by the people of Lékoumou in the preparation of the saka-saka dish. They add value to this dish by bringing a good flavor (good taste). These leaves would have a good organoleptic quality and deserve to be classified in the list of seasonings (condiment and spices). These leaves are also energetic. Keywords: consumption survey, nutritional quality, Komono

Optimum harvest date of maize for biogas and silage purposes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Vegetative Organs

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.

1239 Sources of variation in dry matter content and particle size distribution in total mixed rations in dairy farms in Argentina

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 596-597
Author(s):  
P. Turiello ◽  
M. Ruiz de Huidobro ◽  
F. Bargo ◽  
A. Larriestra ◽  
A. Relling
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Sources Of Variation

Persistence of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and its dependence on the biochemical composition

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Е.В. Янченко
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Modern Varieties

Цель исследований – дать оценку сохраняемости и болезнеустойчивости современных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой и определить корреляционные зависимости влияния биохимических показателей качества на сохраняемость и степень поражения моркови столовой различными видами болезней в процессе хранения. Исследования проводились в 2011–2016 годах во ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО по общепринятым методикам. В биохимической лаборатории отдела земледелия и агрохимии содержание сухого вещества определяли высушиванием до абсолютно сухого веса, общего сахара – по Бертрану, аскорбиновой кислоты – по Мурри, нитраты – ионоселективным методом. При характеристике моркови столовой важнейший показатель, определяющий его качество – количество сухого вещества и сахаров. В процессе хранения были выявлены следующие болезни моркови: серая гниль (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), белая гниль (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)), белая парша (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), альтернариоз (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). В большей степени сортообразцы моркови столовой поражались серой гнилью. Лучшими по сохраняемости сортообразцами были Корсар (94,6%), F1Берлин (94,5%), Берликум Роял (94,1%) и F1 Звезда (94%). Сохраняемость у зарубежных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой была немного выше, чем у отечественных (на 0,4%) как за счет меньшей величины убыли массы (6,3% против 6,4%), так и потерь от болезней (1,6% против 1,9%). Сохраняемость корнеплодов моркови находится в прямой корреляционной зависимости от содержания сухого вещества (r=+0,41), каротиноидов (r=+0,39), моносахаров (r­=+0,30) и суммы сахаров (r=+0,27). Проявление серой гнили находится в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества и каротиноидов (r=-0,37 и r=-0,35 соответственно), белой парши – в прямой корреляции с содержанием сухого вещества , моносахаров и дисахаров (r= +0,21; r= +0,39; r= -0,41 соответственно), белой гнили в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества, моносахаров и дисахаров. The purpose of the research is to assess the persistence and disease resistance of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and to determine the correlation between the influence of biochemical quality indicators on the persistence and degree of damage to carrots by various types of diseases during storage. The research was conducted in 2011–2016 at ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC, according to generally accepted methods. In the biochemical laboratory of the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry, the dry matter content was determined by drying to absolutely dry weight, total sugar – by Bertran, ascorbic acid – by Murri, nitrates – by the ion-selective method. When describing carrots, the most important indicator that determines its quality is the amount of dry matter and sugars. During storage, the following diseases of carrots were detected: gray rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.), white scab (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), alternariasis (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). To a greater extent, varieties of table carrots were affected by gray rot. The best preserved varieties were Corsar (94.6%), F1 Berlin (94.5%), Berlicum Royal (94.1%) and F1 Zvezda (94%). The persistence of foreign varieties and hybrids of table carrots was slightly higher than that of domestic ones by 0.4%. both due to a smaller amount of weight loss (6.3% vs. 6.4%) and losses from diseases (1.6% vs. 1.9%). The persistence of carrot root crops is directly correlated with the content of dry matter (r=+0.41), carotenoids (r=+0.39), monosaccharides (r=+0.30) and the amount of sugars (r=+0.27). The manifestation of gray rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter and carotenoids (r=-0.37 and r=-0.35, respectively), white scab is in direct correlation with the content of dry matter (r= +0.21; r= +0.39; r= –0.41, respectively), white rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter, monosaccharides and disaccharides.

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