scholarly journals Physiological Traits of Thirty-Five Tomato Accessions (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Response to Low Temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherzod Nigmatullaevich Rajametov ◽  
Eun Young Yang ◽  
Myeong Cheoul Cho ◽  
Hyo Bong Jeong ◽  
Kwanuk Lee
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Tomato Yield

Tomato is exposure to diverse abiotic stresses. Cold stress is one of harsh environmental 12 stresses. Abnormal low temperature affects tomato growth and development including physiolog- 13 ical disorders, flower drops, and abnormal fruit morphology, causing the decrease of tomato yield 14 and a fruit quality. It is important to identify low temperature-(LT) tolerant tomato (Solanum lyco- 15 persicum L.) cultivars. This study focused on analyzing physiological traits of thirty-five tomato ac- 16 cessions with three fruit types (cherry, medium, and large sizes) under night temperature set-points 17 of 15°C for normal temperature (NT) and 10°C for LT, respectively. Plant heights (PH) of most to- 18 mato accessions in LT were remarkably decreased compared to those in NT. The growth of leaf 19 length (LL) and leaf width (LW) was reduced depending on the genotypes under LT. The number 20 of fruits (NFR), fruit set (FS), fruit yield (FY), and marketable yield (MY) was negatively affected in 21 LT. The FS in LT was significantly correlated with FY in LT in total populations (n = 35), cherry fruit 22 sub-populations (n = 20), and medium fruit sub-populations (n = 11). Moreover, the relevance of 23 NFL in LT with FY in LT was related to total populations (n = 35), cherry fruit sub-populations (n = 24 20), but not medium fruit sub-populations (n = 11). The results indicate the physiological traits of 25 FS in LT and FY in LT are crucial factors for selecting and determining LT-tolerant cultivars for 26 breeding programs in tomato plants depending on different fruit types.

scholarly journals Physiological Traits of Thirty-Five Tomato Accessions in Response to Low Temperature

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherzod Nigmatullayevich Rajametov ◽  
Kwanuk Lee ◽  
Hyo-Bong Jeong ◽  
Myeong-Cheoul Cho ◽  
Chun-Woo Nam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Positive Correlations

Tomato is often exposed to diverse abiotic stresses and cold stress is one of harsh environmental stresses. Abnormal low temperature affects tomato growth and development, leading to, e.g., physiological disorders, flower drops, and abnormal fruit morphology, and causing a decrease in tomato yield and fruit quality. It is important to identify low temperature-(LT) tolerant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars relying on different fruit types. In this study, our focus was to analyze the physiological traits of 35 tomato accessions with three different fruit types (cherry, medium, and large sizes) under night temperature set-points of 15 °C for control temperature (CT) and 10 °C for LT, respectively. Plant heights (PH) of most tomato accessions in LT were remarkably decreased compared to those in CT. The leaf length (LL) and leaf width (LW) were reduced depending on the genotypes under LT. In addition, the number of fruits (NFR), fruit set (FS), fruit yield (FY), and marketable yield (MY) were negatively affected in LT. The variation was further investigated by the correlation, the principal component (PCA), and the cluster analysis. Interestingly, positive correlations between different vegetative and reproductive traits were uncovered. Multivariate analysis including the PCA and hierarchical clustering classified the LT-treated 35 tomato accessions into four major groups. The identified accessions were associated with vegetative and reproductive parameters on positive directions. The results might be utilized for establishing breeding programs on selecting LT-tolerant tomato cultivars with different selection indices relying on fruit types during vegetative and/or reproductive stages.

scholarly journals Physiological Traits of Thirty-Five Tomato Accessions (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Response to Low Temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherzod Nigmatullaevich Rajametov ◽  
Kwanuk Lee ◽  
Hyo Bong Jeong ◽  
Myeong Cheoul Cho ◽  
Chun Woo Nam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Positive Correlations

Tomato is exposure to diverse abiotic stresses. Cold stress is one of harsh environmental stresses and abnormal low temperature affects tomato growth and development including physio- logical disorders, flower drops, and abnormal fruit morphology, causing the decrease of tomato yield and a fruit quality. It is important to identify low temperature-(LT) tolerant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars relying on different fruit types. This study focused on analyzing physiological traits of 35 tomato accessions with three different fruit types (cherry, medium, and large sizes) under night temperature set-points of 15°C for normal temperature (NT) and 10°C for LT, respectively. Plant heights (PH) of most tomato accessions in LT were remarkably decreased compared to those in NT. The growth of leaf length (LL) and leaf width (LW) was reduced depending on the genotypes under LT. In addition, the number of fruits (NFR), fruit set (FS), fruit yield (FY), and marketable yield (MY) were negatively affected in LT. The variation was further investigated by the correlation analysis, the principal component (PCA), and the cluster analysis. Interestingly, positive correlations between different vegetative and reproductive traits were uncovered. Multivariate analysis including the PCA and hierarchical clustering classified LT-treated 35 tomato accessions into four major groups. The identified accessions were associated with vegetative and reproductive parameters on positive directions and might be utilized for breeding programs on selecting LT-tolerant cultivars.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Tolerance to Low Night Temperature Differ by Fruit Types and Sizes in Tomato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Young Yang ◽  
Sherzod Nigmatullaevich Rajaemtov ◽  
Myeong Cheoul Cho ◽  
Hyo Bong Jeong ◽  
Won Byoung Chae
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Tomato Breeding

Low night temperature (LNT) can be a practical and economical target in tomato breeding programs in terms of energy saving in greenhouses. This study was conducted to investigate the physiological responses to LNT using four tomato accessions of cherry and large fruit types with LNT tolerance and sensitivity grown in two greenhouses with night temperature set-points of 10 and 15°C for heating. LNT significantly reduced plant height regardless of fruit types and LNT tolerance. The number of flowers were significantly reduced in 10°C in cherry but not in large fruit types. Fruit set in 10°C was significantly lower in LNT sensitive accessions than tolerant ones regardless of fruit types, which was due to abnormal flower morphology in 10°C. Proline accumulation patterns between 10 and 15°C significantly differed between fruit types as well as between LNT tolerant and sensitive accessions. Chlorophyll content in 10 °C was significantly higher at later growth stages in LNT tolerant accessions than sensitive ones in both fruit types. No clear difference in photosynthetic parameters was observed between fruit types or tolerance and sensitive accessions except for photosynthetic rate, which was significantly lower in tolerant than sensitive accessions during early growing period. These results suggest that different tomato fruit types may have different mechanisms for LNT tolerance.

LOW-TEMPERATURE GROWTH RESPONSES OF THE TOMATO

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Temperature Growth

The effects of low temperatures on several growth phases of the tomato were studied. The tests, each conducted over a 2-week period, included seed germination at 8.5 °C, rate of seedling growth at a night temperature of 10 °C, root and top growth of plants in soil at 15 °C, and fruit set at a night temperature of 4.5 °C.Varietal response to growth rate at low temperatures differed in all phases studied, and varieties that performed well in some phases did not always perform well in others. Of the varieties studied, six grew well under most of the low-temperature conditions. These were: Earlinorth, Bonita, Azerbidzivisky, P.I. 205040, P.I. 280597, and Cold Set.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Sodium Nitroprusside Boosts Solanum lycopersicum L. Tolerance to Glyphosate by Preventing Redox Disorders and Stimulating Herbicide Detoxification Pathways

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1862
Author(s):  
Cristiano Soares ◽  
Francisca Rodrigues ◽  
Bruno Sousa ◽  
Edgar Pinto ◽  
Isabel M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Detoxification Pathways

Strategies to minimize the effects of glyphosate (GLY), the most used herbicide worldwide, on non-target plants need to be developed. In this context, the current study was designed to evaluate the potential of nitric oxide (NO), provided as 200 µM sodium nitroprusside (SNP), to ameliorate GLY (10 mg kg−1 soil) phytotoxicity in tomato plants. Upon herbicide exposure, plant development was majorly inhibited in shoots and roots, followed by a decrease in flowering and fruit set; however, the co-application of NO partially prevented these symptoms, improving plant growth. Concerning redox homeostasis, lipid peroxidation (LP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels rose in response to GLY in shoots of tomato plants, but not in roots. Additionally, GLY induced the overaccumulation of proline and glutathione, and altered ascorbate redox state, but resulted in the inhibition of the antioxidant enzymes. Upon co-treatment with NO, the non-enzymatic antioxidants were not particularly changed, but an upregulation of all antioxidant enzymes was found, which helped to keep ROS and LP under control. Overall, data point towards the benefits of NO against GLY in tomato plants by reducing the oxidative damage and stimulating detoxification pathways, while also preventing GLY-induced impairment of flowering and fruit fresh mass.

Interaction of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Transformed by rapA1 Gene with Pseudomonas sp. 102 Bacteria Resistant to High Cadmium Concentrations as a Basis for Effective Symbiotic Phytoremediation System

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
L.R. Khakimova ◽  
A.M. Lavina ◽  
L.R. Karimova ◽  
V.V. Fedyaev ◽  
An.Kh. Baymiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Government

A Pseudomonas sp. 102 strain, which is highly resistant to toxic effects of cadmium and has plant growth-promoting activity, can significantly increase growth parameters and biomass of tomato plants, including those observed under toxic effects of cadmium. The greatest positive effect was observed in plants transformed with the bacterial adhesin gene rapA1, the product of which is important for colonization of plant roots by bacteria. It was also shown that shoots of transgenic tomato plants accumulated the greatest amount of cadmium during inoculation with Pseudomonas sp. 102. The ability to extract high concentrations of cadmium and accumulate a large biomass under stress opens up prospects for the further use of associative interactions between tomato and Pseudomonas for phytoremediation. phytoremediation, cadmium, tomato, Pseudomonas, inoculation, agglutinins, This study was carried out using the equipment of the Biomika Centre for Collective Use of the Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics (Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences) as part of the government task (project no. AAAA-A16-1160203500284). This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project nos. 18-34-20004 and 18-34-00033) and 18-344-0033 mol_a_ved and 34-00033 mol_a).

scholarly journals Effects of different methods to control the parasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel in processing tomato crops

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1s) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazia Disciglio ◽  
Francesco Lops ◽  
Antonia Carlucci ◽  
Giuseppe Gatta ◽  
Annalisa Tarantino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Phelipanche Ramosa

The root-parasitic weed <em>Phelipanche ramosa</em> (L.) Pomel represents a major problem for processing tomato crops. The control of this holoparasitic plant is difficult, and better understanding of treatment methods is needed to develop new and specific control strategies. This study investigated 12 agronomic, chemical, biological and biotechnological strategies for the control of this parasitic weed, in comparison with the untreated situation. The trial was carried out in 2014 at the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Environment of the University of Foggia (southern Italy), using processing tomato plants grown in pots filled with soil from a field that was heavily infested with <em>P. ramosa</em>. After transplantation, top dressing was performed with 70 kg ha<sup>–1</sup> nitrogen. A randomised block design with 3 replicates (pots) was adopted. During the growing cycle of the tomato, at 70, 75, 81 and 88 days after transplantation, the number of parasitic shoots (branched plants) that had emerged in each pot was determined, and the leaf chlorophyll of the plants was measured using a soil-plantanalysis- development meter. At harvesting on 8 August 2014, the major quanti-qualitative yield parameters were determined, including marketable yield, mean weight, dry matter, soluble solids, and fruit colour. The results show lower chlorophyll levels in the parasitised tomato plants, compared to healthy plants. None of the treatments provided complete control against P. ramosa. However, among the methods tested, Radicon® biostimulant (Radicon, Inc., Elk Grove Village, IL, USA), compost activated with <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, nitrogen and sulphur mineral fertilisers, Enzone<sup>TM</sup> soil fumigant (Elliott Chemicals Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand), and a resistant tomato genotype mitigated the virulence of the attacks of this parasite. These effects should be improved by combining some of these treatments, especially for gradual and continued reduction in the <em>seed bank</em> of the parasite in the soil. For the tomato yields across the different treatments, there were no significant differences seen; however, the yields showed an improving trend for treatments with lower presence of the <em>P. ramosa</em> weed.

scholarly journals Buzz-Pollinated Crops: A Global Review and Meta-analysis of the Effects of Supplemental Bee Pollination in Tomato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Cooley ◽  
Mario Vallejo-Marín
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Bee Pollination ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Pollination Control ◽  
Supplemental Pollination

Abstract Buzz-pollinated plants require visitation from vibration producing bee species to elicit full pollen release. Several important food crops are buzz-pollinated including tomato, eggplant, kiwi, and blueberry. Although more than half of all bee species can buzz pollinate, the most commonly deployed supplemental pollinator, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae; honey bees), cannot produce vibrations to remove pollen. Here, we provide a list of buzz-pollinated food crops and discuss the extent to which they rely on pollination by vibration-producing bees. We then use the most commonly cultivated of these crops, the tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae), as a case study to investigate the effect of different pollination treatments on aspects of fruit quality. Following a systematic review of the literature, we statistically analyzed 71 experiments from 24 studies across different geopolitical regions and conducted a meta-analysis on a subset of 21 of these experiments. Our results show that both supplemental pollination by buzz-pollinating bees and open pollination by assemblages of bees, which include buzz pollinators, significantly increase tomato fruit weight compared to a no-pollination control. In contrast, auxin treatment, artificial mechanical vibrations, or supplemental pollination by non-buzz-pollinating bees (including Apis spp.), do not significantly increase fruit weight. Finally, we compare strategies for providing bee pollination in tomato cultivation around the globe and highlight how using buzz-pollinating bees might improve tomato yield, particularly in some geographic regions. We conclude that employing native, wild buzz pollinators can deliver important economic benefits with reduced environmental risks and increased advantages for both developed and emerging economies.

Growth, photosynthesis and productivity of greenhouse tomato cultivated in open or closed rockwool systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Hao ◽  
A. P. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Closed Systems ◽  
Environmentally Sound

Two full spring season tomato crops (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. “Trust”) were grown in an open rockwool system with standard rockwool feeding formulae (O-R; conventional method), and in closed rockwool systems with standard rockwool (C-R) or Nutrient Film Technique (C-NFT) feeding formulae (modified in 1997) in 1996 and 1997 to examine the feasibility of a fully closed rockwool production system with appropriate feeding formulae. The closed rockwool system with optimized feeding formulae achieved high marketable yield, similar to that of the open rockwool system. There were no differences in early plant growth, plant biomass or biomass partitioning, and in total fruit yield, size and grades except for the closed rockwool system with the standard rockwool feeding formulae (C-R), which had lower yield than C-NFT in the last month of harvest in 1996. The photosynthesis of old foliage was higher and the root systems at the end of the experiments were rated healthier in plants grown in the closed (C-R and C-NFT) systems than in plants grown in the open (O-R) system. Over 30% of water and fertilizer was saved with the closed systems in comparison to the conventional open system. These results demonstrated that closed rockwool systems with optimized nutrient feedings are economically and environmentally sound alternative methods for greenhouse tomato production in Ontario. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, tomato, yield, recycling, rockwool, greenhouse

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