scholarly journals Evaluation of Probiotic and Antimicrobial Potential of Canine Derived–Lactobacilli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangzhi Zhang ◽  
Abdul Raheem ◽  
Jianwei Zhang ◽  
Min Yue ◽  
XinLei Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
K Cells ◽  
Junction Protein

Antibiotics are commonly used to treat infectious diseases. However, massive and inappropriate antibiotics usage cause many problems including the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To avoid this issue, in modern countries the interest of using probiotics in feed supplementation to promote health and prevent or treat intestinal infectious diseases in companion animals like dogs has been increasing. We evaluate the probiotic potential of Lactobacilli isolated from healthy dogs faeces. The isolated Lactobacilli were first confirmed by 16SrRNA sequencing, then in vitro tests were conducted to assess survival potential of Lactobacilli under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and adhesion ability to gut epithelia, effects on epithelial barrier function, anti-inflammatory activities, effects on defensin peptides (beta-defensin 3) and inhibitory effects on common pathogens. Lactobacilli showed considerable potential to survive in simulated gastrointestinal environmental conditions, low pH, high bile salt concentrations along with good adhesion properties with MODE-K cells. Pathogenic bacterial growth and their adhesion to MODE-K cells was significantly inhibited by Lactobacilli. Real-time PCR analyses further demonstrated that L. acidophilus strain AR1 and AR3 inhibit Salmonella-induced proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, 1ꞵ) production and reinforce expression of tight junction protein (occludin). None of the strain induce mRNA expression of beta-defensin 3 in MODE-K cells. Based on in vitro results the L. acidophilus strain AR1 has potential to be supplemented in canine feed. However, further in vivo studies investigating health-promoting effects are awaited.

Effects of Probiotics in the Management of Infected Chronic Wounds: From Cell Culture to Human Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-206
Author(s):  
Brognara Lorenzo ◽  
Salmaso Luca ◽  
Mazzotti Antonio ◽  
Di M. Alberto ◽  
Faldini Cesare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Keywords Probiotics

Background: Chronic wounds are commonly associated with polymicrobial biofilm infections. In the last years, the extensive use of antibiotics has generated several antibiotic-resistant variants. To overcome this issue, alternative natural treatments have been proposed, including the use of microorganisms like probiotics. The aim of this manuscript was to review current literature concerning the application of probiotics for the treatment of infected chronic wounds. Methods: Relevant articles were searched in the Medline database using PubMed and Scholar, using the keywords “probiotics” and “wound” and “injuries”, “probiotics” and “wound” and “ulcer”, “biofilm” and “probiotics” and “wound”, “biofilm” and “ulcer” and “probiotics”, “biofilm” and “ulcer” and “probiotics”, “probiotics” and “wound”. Results: The research initially included 253 articles. After removal of duplicate studies, and selection according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 19 research articles were included and reviewed, accounting for 12 in vitro, 8 in vivo studies and 2 human studies (three articles dealing with animal experiments included also in vitro testing). Most of the published studies about the effects of probiotics for the treatment of infected chronic wounds reported a partial inhibition of microbial growth, biofilm formation and quorum sensing. Discussion: The application of probiotics represents an intriguing option in the treatment of infected chronic wounds with multidrug-resistant bacteria; however, current results are difficult to compare due to the heterogeneity in methodology, laboratory techniques, and applied clinical protocols. Lactobacillus plantarum currently represents the most studied strain, showing a positive application in burns compared to guideline treatments, and an additional mean in chronic wound infections. Conclusions: Although preliminary evidence supports the use of specific strains of probiotics in certain clinical settings such as infected chronic wounds, large, long-term clinical trials are still lacking, and further research is needed.

Analysis of perfluorochemical elimination from the respiratory system

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 1033-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Shaffer ◽  
Raymond Foust ◽  
Marla R. Wolfson ◽  
Thomas F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Expired Gas ◽  
Respiratory Gases

Shaffer, Thomas H., Raymond Foust IIII, Marla R. Wolfson, and Thomas F. Miller, Jr. Analysis of perfluorochemical elimination from the respiratory system. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(3): 1033–1040, 1997.—We describe a simple apparatus for analysis of perfluorochemicals (PFC) in expired gas and thus a means for determining PFC vapor and liquid elimination from the respiratory system. The apparatus and data analysis are based on thermal conduction and mass transfer principles of gases. In vitro studies were conducted with the PFC vapor analyzer to determine calibration curves for output voltage as a function of individual respiratory gases, respiratory gases saturated with PFC vapor, and volume percent standards for percent PFC saturation (%PFC-Sat) in air. Voltage-concentration data for %PFC-Sat of the vapor from the in vitro tests were accurate to within 2.0% from 0 to 100% PFC-Sat, linear ( r = 0.99, P < 0.001), and highly reproducible. Calculated volume loss of PFC liquid over time correlated well with actual loss by weight ( r = 0.99, P < 0.001). In vivo studies with neonatal lambs demonstrated that PFC volume loss and evaporation rates decreased nonlinearly as a function of time. These relationships were modulated by changes in PFC physical properties, minute ventilation, and postural repositioning. The results of this study demonstrate the sensitivity and accuracy of an on-line method for PFC analysis of expired gas and describe how it may be useful in liquid-assisted ventilation procedures for determining PFC volume loss, evaporation rate, and optimum dosing and ventilation strategy.

scholarly journals Developing an antibiotic effective against multi-drug resistant bacteria.

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C714-C714
Author(s):  
Calvin Steussy ◽  
Cynthia Stauffacher ◽  
Mark Lipton ◽  
Mohamed Seleem
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Lead Compound ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coa Reductase

The emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria is one of the great challenges to modern medicine. The gram positive cocci Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) are two particularly virulent examples. In vivo studies have shown that the eukaryotic like 'mevalonate' isoprenoid pathway used by these pathogenic cocci is essential to their growth and virulence [1]. Our structures of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) from P. mevalonii demonstrated that the bacterial enzymes are structurally distinct from the human enzymes allowing for specific antibacterial activity [2]. High throughput in vitro screening against bacterial HMGR at the Southern Research Center, Birmingham, AL uncovered a lead compound with an IC50 of 80 µM with a competitive mode of action. Our x-ray crystal structures of HMGR from E. faecalis complexed with the lead compound and its variations have informed the synthesis of new inhibitors that have improved the IC50 to 5 µM [3]. Studies of this compound show it to be active against both MRSA and VRE in culture, effective against these bacteria in biofilms, and efficacious in a model system of eukaryotic infection. Structures and kinetics of these compounds will be presented and future directions discussed.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies on the Anticoagulant Profile of Branded Enoxaparin and a New Biosimilar Version

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 107602962096082
Author(s):  
Dalia Qneibi ◽  
Eduardo Ramacciotti ◽  
Ariane Scarlatelli Macedo ◽  
Roberto Augusto Caffaro ◽  
Leandro Barile Agati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Thrombin Time

Low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) represent depolymerized heparin prepared by various methods that exhibit differential, biochemical and pharmacological profiles. Enoxaparin is prepared by benzylation followed by alkaline depolymerization of porcine heparin. Upon the expiration of its patent, several biosimilar versions of enoxaparin have become available. Heparinox (Sodic enoxaparine; Cristália Produtos Químicos Farmacêuticos LTDA, Sao Paulo, Brazil) is a new biosimilar form of enoxaparin. We assessed the molecular weight and the biochemical profile of Heparinox and compared its properties to the original branded enoxaparin (Lovenox; Sanofi, Paris, France). Clotting profiles compared included activated clotting time, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and thrombin time (TT). Anti-protease assays included anti-factor Xa and anti-factor IIa activities. Thrombin generation was measured using a calibrated automated thrombogram and thrombokinetic profile included peak thrombin, lag time and area under the curve. USP potency was determined using commercially available assay kits. Molecular weight profiling was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. We determined that Heparinox and Lovenox were comparable in their molecular weight profile. Th anticoagulant profile of the branded and biosimilar version were also similar in the clot based aPTT and TT. Similarly, the anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities were comparable in the products. No differences were noted in the thrombin generation inhibitory profile of the branded and biosimilar versions of enoxaparin. Our studies suggest that Heparinox is bioequivalent to the original branded enoxaparin based upon in vitro tests however will require further in vivo studies in animal models and humans to determine their clinical bioequivalence.

Hypotensive effects of the triterpene oleanolic acid for cardiovascular prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sureda ◽  
M. Monserrat-Mesquida ◽  
S. Pinya ◽  
P. Ferriol ◽  
S. Tejada
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
In Vitro Tests

Background:: Hypertension is a high prevalent chronic disease worldwide and a major cardiovascular risk factor. Oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olea-12-en-28-oic acid) is a wide distributed bioactive pentacyclic triterpenoid with diverse biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, hepaprotective anti-diabetic or anti-hypertensive. Objective:: The aim of this study was to review and highlight the available data about antihypertensive activity of oleanolic acid and the described mechanisms of action. Method:: Extensive searches were made in the available literature on oleanolic acid and the data investigating its antihypertensive effects were analysed. Results:: Most of research has been performed on animal models of hypertension, ex vivo studies with aortic ring and some in vitro tests with cell cultures, whereas clinical trials are still lacking. Treatment of hypertensive animals with oleanolic acid significantly ameliorated the rise in the systolic blood pressure. In addition, the hypotensive effects of oleanolic acid are also related to a potent diuretic-natriuretic activity and nephroprotection. In vitro studies have characterized the participation of various signalling pathways that modulate the release of vasodilation mediators. Conclusion:: In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that oleanolic acid effectively reduce blood pressure and could be an interesting co-adjuvant to conventional treatment of hypertension.

scholarly journals In Vivo and In Vitro Pharmacodynamics of Anthelmintic Medication Used in Sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Mihai CERNEA ◽  
Roxana FILIP ◽  
Raul CĂTANĂ ◽  
Laura CĂTANĂ
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Superior Efficacy ◽  
Reference Concentration ◽  
Post Therapy

Our research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of anthelmintic treatments in sheep, as well as the resistance occurrence risk for the most commonly used substances. Anthelmintic medication efficacy was evaluated on 30 animals from a private farm, located in Sânmihaiu Almaşului, Sălaj County. In vivo studies were performed by using Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) and testing an albendazole-based (ABZ) product. In vitro, we used Egg Hatch Assay (EHA) and Larval Development Assay (LDA) for albendazole (ABZ), mebendazole (MBZ), fenbendazole (FBZ), thiabendazole (TBZ) and ivermectin (IVM) (only for LDA). FECRT showed that intestinal nematodes developed resistance phenomena against the ABZ-based product, with an extensivity of 80% at seven days post therapy, an egg reduction percentage of 41.89% at seven days post-therapy and 43.9% at 14 days post-therapy. The in vitro EHA highlighted a superior efficacy of TBZ (egg hatch percentage at reference concentration being 51.21) compared to ABZ (71.89%), MBZ (84.46%) and FBZ (79.22%), with a minimum risk of anthelmintic resistance. The LDA test revealed the superior efficacy of FBZ (MIC 0.59 mcg/ml) and IVM (MIC 0.078 mcg/ml), with a minimal risk of inducing parasitic resistance. All in vivo and in vitro tests revealed a limited ABZ efficacy, recommending avoiding the therapy with this substance.

scholarly journals Effect of Musa spp. extract on eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes from infected sheep

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3751
Author(s):  
Natalie Neuwirt ◽  
Lilian Gregory ◽  
Eidi Yoshihara ◽  
Silvana Lima Gorniak
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Musa Spp ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Anthelmintic Effect

Helminthes are listed as one of the main problems facing the development of goat and sheep production. Haemonchus contortus is the specie that causes greatest negative impact in ranching. Resistance to anti-parasitic drugs and demand for residue-free animal-derived food products has elevated the importance of herbal treatments. The aim of this study was to develop an extract of Musa spp. and assess by in vitro testing, the anthelmintic effect on eggs and larvae in the gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. Stool samples from sheep naturally infected were used to obtain eggs and larvae and was then followed by a test of hatchability and a larval migration inhibition test. In vitro tests on the inhibition of larval hatchability at concentrations of 160 and 180 mg mL-1 of larval extracts and inhibition of migration at concentrations of 800 and 1000 mg mL-1 were observed. The results indicate that the use of banana leaf has an anthelmintic effect and that in vivo studies on the applicability of this technology to the field should be made to further understanding and bring more information to what has already been revealed in this study.

scholarly journals Silver i-motifs and their antibacterial activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Bratt
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Low Concentrations

<p>The spread of antibiotic resistance and the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria is a major threat to public health. This study investigated a unique cytosine rich DNA structure, the i-Motif to deliver soluble Ag+ as a novel antimicrobial agent (AgiMs). AgiMs were evaluated in vitro against P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii strains. AgiMs displayed significant antibacterial activity against both P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii (median MIC: 0.875 µM and 0.75 µM, respectively) by rapid, bactericidal and concentration-dependent effect. Low concentrations of AgiMs showed efficacy against PAO1 20-h biofilms, resulting in 57% reduction in biomass (5 x MIC). A single dose of AgiMs extended survival of G. Mellonella larvae, with the therapeutic benefit paralleled in the reduction of internal bacterial load. Synergistic interactions were observed with the combination of AgiMs and tobramycin, a common antibiotic used to treat P. aeruginosa infections; indicating the potential for AgiMs to reinstate the potency of current antibiotics. This silver-based agent might be an alternative to the failing antibiotic regimes for MDR resistant infections. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to confirm the therapeutic potential. </p>

Prevention of abdominal adhesion by a polycaprolactone/phospholipid hybrid film containing quercetin and Ag nanoparticles

Nanomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Hosseinpour-Moghadam ◽  
Shahram Rabbani ◽  
Arash Mahboubi ◽  
Sayyed Abbas Tabatabai ◽  
Azadeh Haeri
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Poly Caprolactone

Aim: To develop quercetin-loaded poly(caprolactone) (PCL)/soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC) films coated with silver (Ag) to prevent the formation of postoperative adhesions (POA). Materials & methods: Films were prepared using the solvent casting method, coated with Ag, and underwent  in vitro tests. In vivo studies were conducted employing an animal model of sidewall defect and cecum abrasion. Results: Films showed sustained release behavior of quercetin and Ag. Coating films with Ag improved their antimicrobial activity. In vivo studies confirmed superior antiadhesion properties of films compared with the control groups evaluated by gross observation, histochemical staining and immunohistochemistry analyses. Conclusion: Ag-Q-PCL-PC films are a potential candidate to prevent POA by acting as a sustained release delivery system and physical barrier.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Leishmanicidal Activity ofAstronium fraxinifolium(Schott) andPlectranthus amboinicus(Lour.) Spreng againstLeishmania (Viannia) braziliensis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio César Gomes de Lima ◽  
Maria Jania Teixeira ◽  
José Evaldo Gonçalves Lopes Júnior ◽  
Selene Maia de Morais ◽  
Alba Fabiola Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Parasite Growth ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Intralesional Injections ◽  
Plectranthus Amboinicus ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

The aim of the present work was to evaluate antileishmanial activity ofAstronium fraxinifoliumandPlectranthus amboinicus. For the in vitro tests, essential oil ofP. amboinicus(OEPA) and ethanolic extracts fromA. fraxinifolium(EEAF) were incubated with 106  promastigotes ofL. (Viannia) braziliensis. The OEPA was able to reduce the parasite growth after 48 h; nonetheless, all the EEAFs could totally abolish the parasite growth. For the in vivo studies, BALB/c mice were infected subcutaneously (s.c.) with 107  L. braziliensispromastigotes. Treatment was done by administering OEPA intralesionally (i.l.) for 14 days. No difference was found in lesion thickness when those animals were compared with the untreated animals. Further, golden hamsters were infected s.c. with 106  L. braziliensispromastigotes. The first protocol of treatment consisted of ethanolic leaf extract fromA. fraxinifolium(ELEAF) administered i.l. for 4 days and a booster dose at the 7th day. The animals showed a significant reduction of lesion thickness in the 6th week, but it was not comparable to the animals treated with Glucantime. The second protocol consisted of 15 daily intralesional injections. The profiles of lesion thickness were similar to the standard treatment. In conclusion, in vivo studies showed a high efficacy when the infected animals were intralesionally treated with leaf ethanolic extract fromA. fraxinifolium.

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