scholarly journals High Infection to SARS-CoV-2 in an Indigen Community of the Colombian Amazon Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Serrano-Coll ◽  
Hollman Miller ◽  
Camila Rodríguez-Van der hamen ◽  
Bertha gastelbondo ◽  
Wilkhen Novoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Colombian Amazon

Introduction. COVID-19 is a pathology caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus. The World Health Organization has reported more than 94 million cases and two million deaths worldwide. Objective: To describe the seroprevalence, spatial distribution, and clinical and sociodemographic variables of SARS-CoV2 in a community of the Colombian Amazon region. Methods. In December 2020, a cross-sectional observational study was carried out in a population located in the Colombian Amazon in the municipality of Mitú. Sociodemographic and clinical data were taken. Besides, 590 blood samples were taken, and an antibody detection was carried out with an ELISA and a recombinant protein N antigen of SARS-CoV2. Results. A seroprevalence of 57.6% was observed. The highest proportion of the infection is located in inter-municipal transport zones. The bivariate analysis did not show differences in the SARS-CoV2 infection rate concerning the variables sex, age-range, and the presence of comorbidities (P> 0.05). The bivariate and multivariate analysis showed that being symptomatic and presenting neurological manifestations of the upper respiratory tract are clinical variables associated with SARS-CoV2 infection (P <0.05). One of the causes of this virus's high spread in this community could be that 53.3% of the people were asymptomatic. Conclusions. Our data showed a high burden and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in this indigenous community. This could be linked to cultural behaviors and the high infection rate in asymptomatic patients.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in an Indigenous Community of the Colombian Amazon Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Héctor Serrano-Coll ◽  
Hollman Miller ◽  
Camila Rodríguez-Van Der Hamen ◽  
Bertha Gastelbondo ◽  
Wilkhen Novoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Colombian Amazon

Introduction. COVID-19 is a pathology caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported more than 225 million cases and 4.5 million deaths worldwide. Objective: To describe the seropositivity, spatial distribution, and clinical and sociodemographic variables of SARS-CoV-2 in a community of the Colombian Amazon region. Methods. In December 2020, a cross-sectional observational study was carried out in a population located in the Colombian Amazon in the municipality of Mitú. Sociodemographic and clinical data were taken. Besides, 589 blood samples were taken, and an antibody detection was carried out with an ELISA and a recombinant protein N antigen of SARS-CoV-2. Results. A seropositivity of 57.6% was observed. The highest proportion of the infection is located in inter-municipal transport zones. The bivariate analysis did not show differences in the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate concerning the variables sex, age range, and the presence of comorbidities (p > 0.05). The bivariate and multivariate analysis showed that being symptomatic and presenting neurological manifestations of the upper respiratory tract are clinical variables associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (p < 0.05). One of the causes of this virus’s high spread in this community could be that 53.3% of the people were asymptomatic. Conclusions. Our data showed a high burden and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the indigenous community. This could be linked to cultural behaviors and the high infection rate in asymptomatic patients.

PENGARUH AKSES DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP PERILAKU IBU HAMIL DALAM MELAKUKAN KUNJUNGAN ANTENATAL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PANCUR BATU TAHUN 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
Oktafiana Manurung ◽  
Ermawaty Arisandi Siallagan
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Antenatal Visit ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Indonesian women have According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Indonesian women have very bad criteria in terms of health, marriage, employment, education, equality with men. This condition is thought to lead to low maternal access to antenatal care. Goals : Antenatal care in accordance with antenatal care standards may decrease Maternal and Infant Mortality due to regular antenatal care can detect early problems that occur in the mother during pregnancy.Methods : The type of this research is analytical descriptive with cross sectional design which aims to analyze the influence of access and motivation of pregnant mother to mother behavior in doing antenatal visit. The research was conducted in Pancur Batu Puskesmas Working Area. The population is 181 people and the sample size is 61 people. Data analysis was performed using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with Chi-Square test, and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression test.Result : The result of this research indicate that physical accessibility variable is the availability of unrelated officer (p = 0,461) to mother behavior in antenatal visit, social accessibility variable (p = 0,005) and attitude (p = 0,023), and for motivation variable is motive P = 0.005) and expectations (p = 0.019) had a significant effect on maternal behavior in antenatal visits.Conclution : Based on the results of research suggested Head of Pancur Batu Puskesmas to conduct training to officers especially midwives who provide services mainly about hospitality in providing services and to officers implementing services further improve the communication of information and education so that every pregnant women have a good understanding that can eventually cause attitude Positive, high motivation and expectation that can affect the mother in conducting standardized antenatal visits.

Is SARS-CoV-2 transmitted by asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic infected individuals?

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail F. Melicor ◽  
Katrina Loren R. Rey ◽  
Leonila F. Dans
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Wide Confidence Interval ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Health Organization

KEY FINDINGSAsymptomatic and pre-symptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 may occur.• Manifestations of COVID-19 are highly varied and may include asymptomatic cases, who do not manifest with anysigns and symptoms despite testing positive for COVID-19 by viral nucleic acid tests. Pre-symptomatic cases areinfected individuals who are still in their incubation period, hence do not exhibit any symptoms yet but eventuallydevelop symptoms.• As of June 2020, only 586 (2.8%) of the 20,990 active cases in the Philippines were classified as asymptomatic,but it is unclear whether cases are pre-symptomatic or carriers (true asymptomatic).• Based on 36 observational studies (case reports, case series, cross-sectional and cohort studies) and 9 statisticalmodeling analysis, asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 may occur. However, 3studies reported no transmission from pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic cases.• Studies on viral load comparing symptomatic cases with pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic cases reportedcontradicting results. The duration of viral shedding was significantly longer for symptomatic patients comparedto asymptomatic patients but similar for asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic patients.• Therewas no difference in the transmission rates of symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. However,the estimatedinfectivity and probability of transmission was higherfor symptomatic cases compared to asymptomatic cases, butresults were imprecise due to a wide confidence interval.• The World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recognize thepossibility of pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic transmission. According to WHO, current evidence suggestsasymptomatic cases are less likely to transmit the virus than symptomatic cases.

scholarly journals The Effect of Unintended Pregnancy Among Married Women on the Length of Breastfeeding in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-149
Author(s):  
Lia Suryani ◽  
Amrina Rosyada
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Married Women ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding

The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia in 2017 is 35%, far below the recommendations of WHO (World Health Organization) of 50%. This rate is getting lower in unwanted pregnancies. Every year there is13.3% incidence of unwanted pregnancy in women aged 15-44 years. It has an impact on the mental, psychological condition of the mother in the process of child care and nutrition from birth. This study aims to determine the prevalence and relationship of unwanted pregnancy among married women on the duration of breastfeeding in Indonesia. This research wa  a quantitative study using cross -sectional study design, a sample of 5,163 married women, and aged 15-49 years. Data were analyzed using univariate descriptive statistics on complex sample analysis, bivariate analysis using Chi-Square, and multivariate using logistic regression tests of risk factor models. This study showed that 1,267 mothers who breastfed <6 months and there was a relationship between the unwanted pregnancy with the duration of breastfeeding (p-value: 0.007 with PR: 1.349; 95% CI: 1.085-1.676) after been controlled by the use of contraception. The support of husband and health workers during pregnancy, childbirth until child care is needed to support breastfeeding  

scholarly journals Dowry Demand and other Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence Against Adolescent Girls: A Cross-sectional Study in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobhit Srivast ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Manideep Govindu ◽  
Muhammad T
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Wife Beating ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Effective Sample Size ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Violence against women is considered a fundamental violation of women’s human rights. According to the World Health Organization, worldwide one-third of women experience some form of intimate partner violence. The present study aims to examine the association of dowry demand and other associated risk factors with physical, sexual, or emotional violence against married adolescent girls in two major states of India by using large representative data.Methods: Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults (UDAYA) project survey data was used for this study. The effective sample size for the study was 4893 married adolescent girls. Descriptive statistics along with bivariate analysis was performed to examine the preliminary results. For analyzing the association binary logistic regression method was used.Results: The prevalence of emotional, physical, and sexual violence was 28.6%, 22.9%, and 26.1% among married adolescent girls respectively. About 44% of married adolescent girls experienced any type of violence (emotional/physical/sexual). The prevalence of violence was significantly higher among girls who reported that dowry was demanded by their husbands (emotional-54%, physical-42.1%, sexual-39.6%, and any violence-68.4%). Results show that the likelihood of any violence was 3.66 times more likely among adolescent girls who reported that dowry was demanded by their husbands than their counterparts [OR: 3.66; CI: 3.06-4.37]. Other risk factors for intimate partner violence among adolescents included justifying wife-beating, low decision-making power, having a paid job, and longer marital duration.Conclusion: The results presented in this study suggest that policies that ensure equal inheritance and property rights for women and programs that help adolescent girls retain equal power and say in their family may be necessary to reduce their vulnerability to domestic violence.

scholarly journals Relationship between Unsafety Action and Unsafe Conditions with Traffic Accidents in Passenger Car Drivers at Meulaboh Type C Terminal

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ishalyadi Ishalyadi ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Fahlevi ◽  
Susy Sriwahyuni ◽  
Yolanda Oktaria
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Type C ◽  
Transportation Organization

Traffic accidents according to the World Health Organization are unexpected events that cause injury, damage, and also loss to the owner (victim) and can cause death or injuries both minor injuries and serious injuries. The number of passenger car accidents from Aceh Barat to Banda Aceh through the laneAceh Barat - Aceh Jaya crossing is high from 2018 with 62 cases (63.86%) and 2019 with 64 cases (65.92%) from January to January August. The high number of cases was influenced by driver fatigue, unsafety condition, unsafety action, Length of service and the feasibility of the driver's vehicle. This type of research is quantitative research using cross sectional. The sample method used is total sampling, that is, all populations used as research samples are 48 people.The analysis used is univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of fatigue, unsafety condition, unsafety action, years of service as well as the eligibility of vehicles with traffic accidents on the driver of passenger cars in Meulaboh type C terminal. The results showed that there was a relationship between unsafety condition and unsafety action with traffic accidents, which was P value <0.05. Hereby it is suggested to the transportation department, the traffic unit, the land transportation organization to cooperate with each other in providing information about factors relating to traffic accidents as well.

scholarly journals Large Population and Unhygienic Conditions are “Blessings in Disguise” Amid Asian Countries for Low Infection Rate of COVID-19 as Compared to Europe and America

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 754-760
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mujahid Khan, MD, PhD ◽  
Sadia Wazir Khan, MD, M.Phil ◽  
Mohammed Moizuddin Khan, MD, PhD ◽  
Tahani Nasser Altamimi, MD, PhD ◽  
Shifa Khan, MD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
North And South

This epidemiological cross-sectional data-based study aimed to explore the morbidity and mortality patterns of novel coronavirus infections (COVID-19) among the worst affected regions of the world. The data on the worldwide pandemic of COVID-19 were obtained from World Health Organization (WHO), John Hopkin’s University research center, Worldometer, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), since its outbreak until August 5, 2020. The evidences were also recorded from research papers published in international scientific journals indexed in Pub Med and Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science. The findings show that the average of COVID-19 cases in Europe is 154754 cases per million of the population, in America (both north and south) is 47982 cases per million of the population and in Asia is 13280 cases per million of the population. The mean value of mortality rate in Europe, America (both north and south) and Asia is 2436 deaths per million of population, 2158 deaths per million of population, and 181 deaths per million people, respectively. The study broadly concludes that the infection rate and mortality are higher in developed countries than in developing or underdeveloped countries. The perceptible causes of increase in infection rate and mortality in developed European and American countries may be the difference in individual and herd immunity in the population due to less exposure to similar viruses. The lack of exposure may be attributed to better economic conditions leading to relatively good hygienic practices as compared to the developing and underdeveloped countries of the Asian region.

scholarly journals Facilitators and Barriers Associated with Uptake of HIV Self-Testing among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Chongqing, China: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1634
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Guohui Wu ◽  
Rongrong Lu ◽  
Rong Ou ◽  
Ling Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Additional Approach ◽  
Sex With Men

While studies on human immunodeficiency virus self-testing (HIVST) continue to accumulate after the World Health Organization’s recommendation of HIVST as an additional approach to HIV testing services in 2016, few studies have focused on men who have sex with men (MSM) in Chinese cities. A cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the HIVST status of MSM in Chongqing, China. MSM participants were recruited by random sampling, and qualified interviewers collected data, using confidential self-administered questionnaires. Blood specimens were collected for HIV antibody detection. The survey evaluated the uptake and accuracy of HIVST kits and identified factors that may be associated with HIVST. The proportion of HIVST uptake was 15.6%. The sensitivity and specificity of HIVST were 74.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 66.6%–80.7%) and 99.0% (95% CI 96.9%–99.7%), respectively. The consistency between the HIVST kit and antibody detection results was 90.5% (95% CI 87.5%–93.0%), and the Kappa value was 0.777 (p < 0.001). The positive predictive value of self-testing kits is 80.9% and the negative predictive value is 17.7%. Having been tested ≥2 times in the last year, higher educational levels, and higher scores of basic HIV/AIDS knowledge facilitated higher uptake of HIVST. Self-reported existing barriers for HIVST uptake included older age, marital status, and having resided in Chongqing for more than two years.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENDIDIKAN DAN PEKERJAAN IBU DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE PADA BALITA DI PUSKESMAS BASUKI RAHMAT PALEMBANG TAHUN 2011

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rini Mayasari Rini Mayasari
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Sampling Variable

ABSTRACT According to the health of the World Health Organization (WHO) in poor countries and developing countries, mortality in infants and young children from diarrhea about two million children each year, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between education and employment to women with the incidence of diarrhea in children in health centers in 2011 Pelembang Basuki Rahmat This study uses survey Cross sectional analytic approach. The population in this study were all mothers who have young children who come to visit the health center Palembang Basuki Rahmat which amounts to 448 people and a random sample random sampling. Variable that is examined in the analysis using univariate and bivariate analysis via Chi-Square test at α = 0.05. The results of univariate analysis showed that mothers who have children diagnosed with diarrhea as many as 94 people (65.7%) and diarrhea are not diagnosed in 49 men (34.3%), mothers with higher education as many as 68 people (47.6%) and low education as many as 75 people (52.4 %) and mothers who worked as many as 91 people (63.6%) and that does not work as many as 52 people (36.4%). The results of bivariate analysis showed that the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers higher education less mothers were 36 (52.9%) compared with the incidence of diarrhea in children with poorly educated mothers as much as 58 (77.3%), the incidence of diarrhea in infants whose mothers work as much as 72 larger (79.1 %) compared with the non-occurrence of diarrhea in infants whose mothers worked were 19 (20.9%). chi-square test showed no significant association between education with incidence of diarrhea (p value = 0.004) and there was a significant association between maternal work (p value = 0.000) with the incidence of diarrhea in health centers Basuki Rahmat Palembang in 2011. Expected to health workers in order to improve health services, especially education about risk factors for the incidence of diarrhea in infants.     ABSTRAK 21       Menurut badan kesehatan world health organization (WHO) di negara negara miskin dan sedang berkembang, kematian pada bayi dan anak anak akibat diare berkisar dua juta anak tiap tahunnya tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pendidikan dan pekerjaan ibu dengan kejadian diare pada balita di puskesmas basuki rahmat pelembang tahun 2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu yang mempunyai anak balita yang datang berkunjung ke puskesmas basuki rahmat Palembang  yang berjumlah 448 orang dan pengambilan sampel secara random sampling. Variable yang di teliti di analisis dengan menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat melalui uji Chi-Square pada α = 0,05.  Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan ibu yang memiliki balita yang terdiagnosa diare sebanyak 94 orang (65.7%) dan yang tidak terdiagnosa diare sebanyak 49 orang ( 34.3%), ibu dengan pendidikan tinggi sebanyak 68 orang (47.6%) dan pendidikan rendah sebanyak 75 orang (52.4%) dan ibu yang bekerja sebanyak 91 orang (63.6%) dan yang tidak bekerja sebanyak 52 orang (36.4%). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan kejadian diare pada balita yang pendidikan ibunya tinggi lebih kecil sebanyak 36 (52.9%) dibandingkan dengan terjadinya diare pada balita dengan ibu berpendidikan rendah sebanyak 58 (77.3%), kejadian diare pada balita yang ibunya bekerja lebih besar sebanyak 72 (79.1%) dibandingkan dengan tidak terjadinya diare pada balita yang ibunya bekerja sebanyak 19 (20.9%). uji chi-square menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pendidikan dengan kejadian diare ( p value = 0,004) dan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pekerjaan ibu (p value =0,000) dengan kejadian diare di Puskesmas Basuki Rahmat Palembang tahun 2011. Diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan agar dapat meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan terutama penyuluhan tentang faktor  resiko kejadian diare pada balita.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TERJADINYA ANEMIA PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER II

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahroni Damanik
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
World Health ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015 is estimated as many as 52.5% of pregnant women in Southeast Asia who experience anemia. 3,4 in various countries, including Indonesia, reported that the incidence of anemia is still high. To prove determine the affecting factors to the occurrence of anemia in trimester II pregnant women at Kutalimbaru Health Center, Deli Serdang District in 2018. Tyfe of research design was an analytical survey with a cross sectional approach. The population of this study was trimester II pregnant women who had not come to Kutalimbaru Health Center in 2018 totaling 33 people (Accidental sampling.). The data used was primary data and secondary data. The instruments used were checklist and questionnaire with 12 questions. The data analysis were univariate, bivariate analysis using Chi-square test. The study found results of the study 33 respondents, there was no effect of knowledge with the occurrence of anemia in pregnant women in second trimester p value = 0.056 <0.05 with OR 5.417 (95% CI), there was an effect of parity with the occurrence of anemia in pregnant women in second trimester obtained p = 0.053 <0.05 with OR 6.286 (95% CI), there was a economic effect with the occurrence of anemia in pregnant women in second trimester obtained p value = 0.006 <0.05 with OR 13,000 (95% CI). There is no effect of knowledge with the occurrence of anemia in pregnant women in second trimester at Kutalimbaru Health Center, parity and economy with the occurrence of anemia in pregnant women in second trimester at Kutalimbaru Health Center.

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