scholarly journals The Population Census in Austria

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Richard Gisser
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Central State ◽  
High Data ◽  
Government Decision ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Administrative Planning

Based on the Constitution, the Population Census in Austria is a matter of the central state, serving many political-administrative, planning, research, and other purposes. After its start as a systematic operation in the middle of the 18th century, it developed further by a modern legal basis in 1857 and advances in statistical technology in 1890 (punch cards) and 1971 (machinereadable questionnaires). In the second half of the 20th century, the Population Census became a comprehensive operation, including dwellings, buildings, and workplaces. The communes organized the classical method of on the spot household data collection on behalf of the state. The register-based Census replaced the household collection in 2011. Following a government decision of 2000, which aimed at the sole use of available micro-data, the first steps for creatingthe necessary administrative and statistical registers took place in conjunction with the last traditional census of 2001. With new provisions for linking the records, the Register Census Act of 2006, and a full test census in the same year, the new methodology was established and evaluated in a short period. The first regular Register Census “took place” with reference date 31 October 2011. It is described in the central part of this communication, featuring the advantages, strengths, and weaknesses, the backbone registers, the “comparison registers,” and the redundancy principle, which help to ensure high data quality and the fit of the census into the international framework. Current developments include the annual update of results,changes and improvements in the data sources, and a short outlook on the next census of 2021.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Pendidikan Lingkungan Hidup melalui Program Adiwiyata (Studi di Kota Surabaya)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Yulia Indahri
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
City Government ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Environmental Understanding

Environmental education (EE) is an integration of environmental understanding with formal or informal education. EE is expected to help students gain understanding on the awareness and knowledge about the environment to further shape student attitudes. From these understanding, skills and abilities will emerge so that students can actively participate and become agents in solving environmental problems. The concept of EE itself can be traced back to the 18th century, although globally, those engaged in the environmental sector began to strive to develop a more measurable EE concept since the 1970s. The legal basis also varies, with application models that adapt to each distinctive environment. Adiwiyata is a form of EE managed by the government through the integration of two important ministries, namely the ministry that deals with environmental issues and the ministry that deals with education. This study was intended to find out whether Adiwiyata was in accordance with the EE concept that was agreed upon globally. In particular, the implementation of the Adiwiyata Program in Surabaya City is the focus of this paper based on the results of research on the environment in 2019 which have been published. The environmental awareness of Adiwiyata School in Surabaya City is quite high and the concept developed by the Surabaya City Government is very solid that involves all parties.AbstrakPendidikan lingkungan hidup (PLH) merupakan pengintegrasian pemahaman lingkungan hidup dengan pendidikan formal atau pendidikan informal. PLH diharapkan dapat membantu siswa memperoleh kesadaran dan pengetahuan mengenai lingkungan hidup untuk selanjutnya dapat membentuk sikap siswa. Dari pemahaman tersebut akan muncul keterampilan dan kecakapan sehingga siswa dapat berpartisipasi aktif dan menjadi agen dalam memecahkan masalah lingkungan. Konsep PLH sendiri dapat ditelusuri sampai abad ke-18, walaupun secara global, mereka yang bergerak di bidang lingkungan hidup mulai berupaya untuk menyusun konsep PLH yang lebih terukur sejak tahun 1970-an. Dasar hukumnya pun beragam, dengan model penerapan yang menyesuaikan dengan lingkungan masing-masing. Adiwiyata merupakan salah satu bentuk PLH yang dikelola pemerintah dengan mengintegrasikan dua kementerian penting, yaitu kementerian yang menangani masalah lingkungan hidup dan kementerian yang menangani pendidikan. Kajian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui apakah Adiwiyata sudah sesuai dengan konsep PLH yang disepakati secara global. Secara khusus, pelaksanaan Program Adiwiyata di Kota Surabaya menjadi fokus dari tulisan ini berdasarkan hasil penelitian tentang lingkungan di tahun 2019 yang telah dibukukan. Kesadaran lingkungan Sekolah Adiwiyata di Kota Surabaya sudah cukup tinggi dan konsep yang dikembangkan oleh Pemerintah Kota (Pemkot) Surabaya sangat solid dengan melibatkan semua pihak.

The ministry of Saint Theophan (Govorov) on the Tambov Land: Tambov diocese in 1859–1863

Neophilology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 413-418
Author(s):  
Theodosius Vasnev
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Theological Seminary ◽  
Spiritual Education ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Church Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Monastic Communities ◽  
The Russian Empire

Tambov Governorate in the Russian Empire until the beginning of the XX century was the largest region of the country. The borders of the Tambov diocese and the Tambov Governorate coincided with the end of the 18th century. There were 16 monasteries and monastic communities. Bishop Theophan paid special attention to the development of spiritual life in the Tambov Governorate. He fed seminars and schools for girls (the diocesan women's school). Saint Theophan founded the first periodical journal in the diocese, the Tambov Eparchial Journal. For a short period of stay in Tambov, he proved himself to be an active organizer of various areas of church life, including missionary and educational significance. Bishop Theophan was keenly interested in all questions that were connected with the activities of the clergy, their behavior and relations among themselves. The Saint always showed love and compassion for his flock, and especially in the days of severe trials. Bishop Theophan left a bright mark in the history of the Tambov diocese as a trustee of the theological seminary and diocesan schools, the founder of temples and the organizer of decency in the cloisters, a writer and a teacher of morality, caring for the spiritual education, education and perfection of the inhabitants of the Tambov territory.

Differential effects of migration networks: The case of China

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zai Liang ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Hideki Morooka
Keyword(s):  
Destination Choice ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Human History ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Migration Literature ◽  
Migration Networks ◽  
Female Migrants ◽  
Different Characteristics

The crucial role of migration networks in the process of migration has been well established. The main goal of our paper is to examine the role of migration networks in the case of China, a country that has had the largest migrant population in human history. Specifically, we focus on issues that have received relatively little attention in the migration literature. We first examined how the use of migration networks differs for individuals with different characteristics such as education, gender and household registration ( hukou) status. Based on the migration literature, we generated a set of hypotheses. We then examined the use of migration networks by people with different characteristics both in the context of migration departure (initiation of migration) and destination choice, using the micro-data from the 2000 China Population Census. Our results show that female migrants, migrants without local hukou, and younger migrants are more likely to rely on well-developed migration networks, whereas the most educated migrants are less likely to depend on them. We also found that migration networks are more important for floating migrants than for permanent migrants.

scholarly journals The Ukrainian People’s Gromada in the Civil War: Ukrainian Conservatives, Russian Statists, or Little Russian Patriots?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Chemakin
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Central State ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
State Archives

This article is devoted to the Ukrainian People’s Gromada (UPG), the organization of Little Russian landlords which played a prominent part in the political life of Ukraine and South Russia during the Civil War. Ukrainian historiography treats the UPG as an organisation of Ukrainian conservatives and assigns it the key role in the Hetman coup d’état of April 1918. There is also a widespread opinion that the Gromada was dissolved immediately after Hetman P. P. Skoropadsky took power. This work aims to reconsider traditional views on UPG and, with reference to new archival sources, prove the following: the role of the Gromada in the coup d’état was exaggerated considerably; the UPG continued to exist after Skoropadsky took power; and one can doubt the “Ukrainian” nature of the organisation, despite its name. Based on Skoropadsky’s memoirs and the accounts of other witnesses, as well as some German sources, the author proves that the Gromada was not the leading force in the coup d’état, but only the organisation which prepared lists of candidates to be included in the new government. The sources kept in the Central State Archives of the Supreme Bodies of Power and Government of Ukraine and the Hoover Institution Archives that are devoted to the activities of the UPG from the summer of 1918 to the spring of 1919 have not been made public previously. After the directorate seized power, the leaders of the Gromada fled from Kiev to Odessa. There they took part in local political intrigues and tried to distance themselves from Hetman Skoropadsky and the project of the Ukrainian state. The UPG leaders, who had previously viewed themselves as Ukrainian “samostiyniks”, now proclaimed that they were not Ukrainians, but Little Russians and “Russian statists”. An attempt is made to analyse the reasons why UPG members moved from the Russian political camp to the Ukrainian one and back several times in a comparatively short period. Based on research in the field of “nationalism studies”, the author concludes that the Gromada members had traditional, pre-modern views on the nation (in this case as a corporation of Little Russian nobility), which, together with their desire to adapt to the ever-changing political situation and fight for their privileges and economic interests, made it possible for them to keep joining Russian and Ukrainian nationalists interchangeably without perceiving their actions as national treason. The study of this topic makes it possible to address the Little Russian nobility’s behaviour in the Civil War and their attempts to integrate into Ukrainian or Russian national projects.

scholarly journals The reindeer companies of southern Norway: Natural resources, husbandry, prerogatives and challenges (Article in Norwegian and in English)

Rangifer ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Gaute Elvesæter Helland ◽  
Jan Stokstad
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Challenge ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
The People ◽  
Local Municipality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Southern Norway

From the middle of the 18th century there have been domesticated reindeer herds in the mountains of South-Norway. The people living in these areas, mostly farmers and hunters, bought reindeer from the Sami further east and north. Or Sami families came with their reindeer and started a new living. These events took place in many regions such as Setesdal, Hardangervidda, Hardanger, Voss, Hallingdal, Valdres, northern Gudbrandsdalen, Norefjell and Rendalen. In 1962 there were 20 000 tame reindeer held by 14 reindeer companies in southern Norway. Today five of these companies still exist. The reindeer owners have organized themselves as joint companies and to be a shareholder one must be living in the local municipality. The four companies in Valdres and northern Gudbrandsdalen keep in all about 11 000 reindeer in the winter herd which produces about 190 tons of reindeer meat each year. The legal basis of this reindeer management is regulated through agreements between the owners of the rough grazing properties and the company. In large areas the Norwegian State is the landowner, and in these cases the so-called Mountain law of 1975 regulates the agreement. The ways of managing the companies will be a matter of adjusting the management to all the other events in society. The structure of the herd, the extent of tameness and degree of domestication are key requisites. It is also of major importance that society supports this kind of management and regards the traditions and the long history of local interests in reindeer management. A future challenge will be to get these ways of living secured and warranted by law.

L. G. Ramensky: ukrainian disciples and colleagues

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
V. B. Golub
Keyword(s):  
Central State ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Scientific Personnel ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Major Data

The present paper that follows the series of publications in «Vegetation of Russia» devoted to L. G. Ramensky (Golub, 2013, 2014, 2017 a, b, 2018), deals with the short period of his work at the Ukrainian Institute of Applied Botany (1928–1930) and his role in the training of scientific personnel for the Ukraine. The funds of the Central State Archives of the Higher Authorities and Administration of the Ukraine, the Russian State Archives of Economics, the St. Petersburg branch of the Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the archives of the Federal Scientific Center for Feed Production and Agroecology named after V. R. Williams served as the major data for this paper.

scholarly journals Bone Carving of the Kamianka Sich

Archaeology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 130-145
Author(s):  
Anatolii Volkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Bone Powder ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Spindle Whorl

The manufacture of different bone items as well as treatment of bone and horn used to be among the oldest types of crafts. For centuries, people have used bone because of its prevalence and easy processing. In the 16th—18th centuries, bone continued to be used as one of the materials, but it did not receive wide distribution among Cossack crafts. Though the well-known bone powder flasks decorated with complex and intricate carvings were in usage among Cossacks, the article deals with simpler and more common in everyday life things — such as knife handle bone plates, borers, a spindle whorl, and etc. Today we have the opportunity to explore this specific type of craft on the example of archaeological finds from one of the Zaporizhzhia Siches — the Kamianka Sich. Mass osteological material in many cases contains traces of deliberate processing or attempts to give the bone a certain shape, to obtain a product from bone or horn. Analyzing the finds of several archaeological seasons, one can deduce some common features of bone items, get an idea of spreading of this craft and its significance, and discover the everyday life of the Cossacks at the beginning of the 18th century. The article examines bone finds made from the beginning of the 1970-ies, and also contains their general characteristic and common features. A special attention is focused on bone products; the "portion" types of bones and the production waste left during manufacture of the bone items is briefly described. One of the main purpose of this article is to introduce into a scientific circulation a number of objects made of bone, on the same territory in a fairly short period of existence of the Kamianka Sich (1709—1711 and 1728—1734). Nowadays, unfortunately, we cannot derive a comparative analysis of the finds of bone production from other Siches or Cossack handicraft objects, but we can get an idea of the development of this type of craft using as examples the finds from the Kamianka Sich. Further archaeological research may reveal the presence of the bone carving workshop on this territory.

scholarly journals „Osobliwie muszę tu wyznać zrządzenie Boskie nad tobą Synu mój kochany, iż twoja najlepiej cię kochająca Matka, uniesiona często słabością rozumu swojego, biła cię i źle ci życzyła”. Choroba psychiczna w rodzinie w drugiej połowie XVIII wieku na przykładzie dzieciństwa Stanisława Mikołaja Tretera

2019 ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Ewa Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Central State ◽  
Her Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Professional Care ◽  
The One

Stanisław Mikołaj, son of Agnieszka, nee Izbicki, and Stanisław Treter, the king’s chamberlain, was born on 19th November 1776. When he was seven years old it turned out that his mother was mentally ill, most probably suffering from schizophrenia. In the 18th century mental and nervous disorders were very rare, and foreigners visiting Poland even thought they were characteristic of Poles. Certainly, mental disease in a family does not only affect the one who actually suffers from it, it has an impact on each family member and somehow everyone is involved. Agnieszka’s psychosis started with aggressive behaviour towards her family, and especially her son. She would destroy things which either belonged to him or were in some way related to him, she would scream at him, physically and mentally harass him. His father would usually buy the things the boy needed most, such as underwear, clothes and shoes, in well-kept secret. Agnieszka categorically opposed this and even “became stubborn and restless which influenced the atmosphere in this home”. Because of his mother’s disease and its influence on the atmosphere in the family, the boy often felt anxiety and fear, and sometimes even annoyance and despair. In November 1786 Stanisław Treter decided that it would be better if his wife stayed in Warsaw for a while. The atmosphere at home was becoming worse and worse, and their ten-year-old son required systematic and extensive education, while Agnieszka herself needed “professional” care. In the 18th century people who suffered from mental diseases would usually live with their families and be provided with good care and a kind of particular respect, unless they were dangerous to others. However, Agnieszka was completely unpredictable. Her irrepressible aggression was understood by her son as a lack of love and acceptance. He often felt lost and very lonely. His mother’s mental disease did not create supportive conditions for the development of the child’s emotions and mentality. Certainly, like any other child he loved his “Mummy” very much, so parting with her was a very difficult experience for the boy. Disharmony in the Treter family, which was the consequence of Agnieszka’s disease, developed in Stanisław Mikołaj patterns of instability, hostility and neglect. Thus it is not surprising that he became oversensitive, egoistic, combative and aggressive. We learn about Stanisław Mikołaj Treter’s difficult childhood from his father’s notes. In 1785 he decided to write a history of his son’s life and education, and it took him four years to write in 13 letters which are now kept in the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lvov.

16. Locus Standi

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Loveland
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
The Third ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Locus Standi ◽  
Government Decision ◽  
House Of Lords ◽  
Short Period ◽  
National Federation

This chapter focuses on the concept of locus standi, perhaps the most important way in which administrative law deals with the question of how to balance the protection of individual citizens’ rights and interests with the desire to ensure that government decision-making remains within legal limits and that government bodies (including the courts) are protected from vexatious litigants. It is organised as follows. The first section addresses the law that existed prior to the introduction of the Order 53 reforms in 1977 whilst the second covers the short period between the introduction of those reforms and the House of Lords’ decision in IRC v National Federation of Self-Employed and Small Businesses. The third section runs from the mid-1980s to the present day.

Inner core scattering estimates inferred from PKiKP coda waves

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Krasnoshchekov
Keyword(s):  
Inner Core ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Seismic Attenuation ◽  
Body Waves ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Core Boundary ◽  
Seismic Records

<p>Lateral variations in structure and composition with a scale length of about several kilometers are thought to be one of the reasons for strong seismic attenuation in the Earth’s solid inner core. These fine-scale heterogeneities are probably best constrained by scattered coda of body waves pre-critically reflected from the inner core boundary (PKiKP). Here we analyze 9 arrays of sources and receivers to detect weak PKiKP coda on short-period and broadband seismic records in the range of epicentral distances from 6 to 94 degrees. 6 PKiKP bounce points scan the IC surface below Central Asia, 2 – under the Arctic region, and one – under Southeastern Asia. We observe the IC scattered coda in the Hilbert envelope of the PKiKP beam built by linear summation of 1.3 – 5 Hz bandpass frequency filtered vertical records of array channels. Assuming the detected PKiKP codas result from scattering through the volume of the uppermost inner core, we estimate the Qc quality factor by fitting of the observed PKiKP codas with a standard model – the classical method invoked in crust and mantle studies. We find the quality factors are between 400 and 500 with no distinct geographical dependence.</p>

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