scholarly journals KINETIC STUDY ON HYDROTHERMAL COMPOSITION OF GLUCOSE IN NAOH SOLUTION WITH ZNO AS CATALYST

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Bregas Siswahjono Tatag Sembodo ◽  
Addiva Febrioka ◽  
Adistya Hilga Pratiwi Aprilia
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Processed Material ◽  
Residual Glucose ◽  
Naoh Solution

<p>Hydrothermal liquifaction is a biomass conversion process, where the structure of the biomass is convert into liquid components under super critical conditions with a high temperature. In this study, glucose is used as biomass. The purpose of this study was to study the reaction kinetics and determine the hydrothermal decomposition of glucose in NaOH solution. This experiment used 10 grams of glucose and dissolve it in 80 mL of NaOH solution then put it in an autoclave. Experiments were carried out by varying the heating temperature carried out in an autoclave with a magnetic stirrer. After heating at various temperatures, the autoclave is immediately cooled down. The processed material is filtered to separate insoluble solids from the liquid phase. The solid residue that has been separated from the liquid phase is then dried in an oven at 105°C for 24 hours. The composition of the filtrate was analyzed using the GC-MS method and the glucose concentration was analyzed using the Lane Eynon method. Prior to GC-MS analysis, the filtrate was distilled at atmospheric pressure until a solid residue remained. The sample analyzed is the result of distillation with a temperature above 100°C to ensure that there is no water and residual glucose in the sample. The results of GC-MS analysis of product samples from the hydrothermal decomposition process had 3 peaks. The first peak shows the compound 1,3 Dipalmitin which has an area of 14.74%, the second peak shows the Olealdehyde compound which has an area of 32.35%, and the third peak shows the 1,2-Epoxyhexadecane compound which has an area of 52.91%. The kinetics results in hydrothermal decomposition of glucose in this experiment obtained a reaction order of 2 with an activation energy (Ea) of 15.91 KJ / mol and a pre-exponential factor of 66.12.</p>

A new stacking variant of Na2Pt(OH)6

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 831-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gohil S. Thakur ◽  
Hans Reuter ◽  
Claudia Felser ◽  
Martin Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Direct Reaction ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Edge Distance ◽  
Naoh Solution

AbstractA new stacking variant of sodium hexa-hydroxo platinate(IV), Na2Pt(OH)6, was synthesized and its structure elucidated through X-ray diffraction. The new polymorph was prepared by direct reaction of PtO2 with an excess of NaOH solution applying elevated oxygen pressure at 300°C. The structure consists of layers of edge sharing Pt(OH)6 and Na(OH)6 octahedra. These layers are separated by an edge-to-edge distance of ~2.4 Å. The packing of the hydroxide ions corresponds to the hcp sequence, the title compound thus may be regarded a cation ordered variant of the Brucite structure type. During heating above T~300°C all constitutional water is released, and anhydrous Na2PtO3 remains as the solid residue.

Study on Preparation of Oil-Based Fe3O4 Nano Magnetic Fluid

2010 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 808-811
Author(s):  
Bing Chen ◽  
Yu Guang Fan ◽  
San Pin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Saturation Magnetization ◽  
Magnetic Fluid ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Mechanical Dispersion ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Vibration Magnetometer ◽  
The Stability

Adopting chemical coprecipitation and mechanical dispersion to prepare oil based magnetic fluid is a good way to increase the stability of magnetic fluid. This paper uses orthogonal design to analyze the influences from different factors, and The size of nano-particles and saturation magnetization were characterized by TEM and WSM vibration magnetometer. The results show that the NaOH solution adding speed of 0.4 ml/s and reaction temperature of 50 ~55 , sodium oleate solution adding speed of 0.3ml/s and heating temperature of 65 , heat-maintaining time of 20min are proper reaction conditions.

scholarly journals Proteomic analysis of subarachnoid hemorrhage - liquid phase isoelectric focusing in complex protein sample

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Joanna Hajduk ◽  
Bartosz Sokół ◽  
Agata Swiatly ◽  
Jan Matysiak ◽  
Piotr Nowicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Intersection Analysis ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Tof Ms

Background: The aim of this study was to present the proteomic approach based on liquid phase isoelectric focusing fractionation coupled to nLC-MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS/MS analysis to characterize cerebrospinal fluid from control patients and those suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage. The new perspective in characterization of this brain neuropathology are in constant demand to point a valuable panel of indicators which could improve the treatment outcome.Methods: The cerebrospinal fluid samples were applied to a commercial liquid phase isoelectric focusing apparatus and separated into 10 fractions by pI. Further, the untargeted mass spectrometry investigations were performed with data dependent acquisition mode for full-scan MS analysis with subsequently MS/MS fragmentation by using nLC-MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS/MS.Results: In total, the detection of 1664 and 2187 unique tryptic peptides provided biological evidence for 134 and 271 proteins in control and subarachnoid hemorrhage sample, respectively. The interpretation of liquid phase separation was performed by intersection analysis of two items between groups of ten fractions. The cumulative intersection exploration revealed the highest concentration of the detected components in the middle fractions of the focusing chamber, whereas the gradual dilution appeared on its extreme.Conclusions: The employed strategy ensured overall screening of investigated material presenting the proteins abundance in the current state of analysis. Few proteins such as proenkephalin A, peroxiredoxin-6, cathepsin B, thrombospondin-1, glial fibrillary acidic protein and α – spectrin were recognized as potential indicators, according to literature, pointing the possibility for its monitoring in further studies as panel of valuable biomarkers. 

Study on Influence Factors of Fly Ash and Metakaolin Based Geopolymer

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 2322-2328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhong Kuang ◽  
Xiang Chuan Zhao ◽  
Fang Shi ◽  
Hai Ying Cao
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Orthogonal Tests

Gepolymeric material is a new building material, which not only has the characteristics of organic polymer, ceramic and cement but also unique properties. The effects of four factors on the strength of fly ash and metakaolin based geopolymer were discussed with the orthogonal tests in this study, including fly ash content, NaOH solution concentration, solid-liquid ratio and the content of sodium silicate in the liquid phase. The results show that: content of fly ash 30%, NaOH solution concentration 12mol/L, solid-to-liquid ratio 4.5 and the content of sodium silicate in the liquid phase 65% is the best condition preparation of fly ash and metakaolin based geopolymer.

Recovery of Phytochemicals from Kokum (Garcinia indica choisy) Using Pressurized Hot Water

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamata Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Palash Panja
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Garcinia Indica ◽  
Naoh Solution

A novel process has been developed for the recovery of phytochemicals such as, ? -HCA from kokum (Garcinia indica choisy) rinds using hot water pressurized with carbon dioxide, followed by its purification. The performance of the pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) process has been evaluated to ascertain the optimum process parameters for maximizing the recovery of ? -HCA. A systematic parametric study has been undertaken by varying the important parameters in the ranges of 30-120 °C for temperature, 1-20 atm for pressure, 30-60 min of extraction time, 4 - 22 ml/g of water to feed ratio, 1-3 number of stages , 0-350 rpm of stirring, presence of salt, nature of feed, and grinding. Ethanol is added to the aqueous extract from kokum rinds for the removal of pectinous materials by precipitation. Quantification of ? -HCA in the product has been carried out by the titration method with 0.1N NaOH solution. The maximum recovery is obtained when PHWE is carried out at 90 °C above which the recovery decreases. Pressure does not have much effect on the recovery of ? -HCA beyond a certain pressure required to maintain the extractant in the liquid phase. More ?-HCA is recovered by 2-stage PHWE from ground dry kokum than from salty kokum rinds.

Modeling of the Heat Loss in a Thermal Sensor for Water Made of NTC Thick Film Segmented Thermistors

2013 ◽  
Vol 543 ◽  
pp. 334-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloljub D. Lukovic ◽  
Maria Vesna Nikolic ◽  
Branka M. Radojcic ◽  
Obrad S. Aleksić
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Thick Film ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Balance Equations ◽  
Flow Meter ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Self Heating

NTC thick film segmented thermistors were realized by screen printing of a low resistivity paste and conductive PdAg paste printed for electrodes. Two thick film thermistors as thermal sensors were placed in plastic tube housing connected to the water mains to form a calorimetric type of flow-meter, e.g. to measure the input water temperature and the thermistor self-heating temperature. Range constant voltage (RCV) was applied for self-heating thermistor power supply in different ranges of input water temperature. Modeling of the heat loss in the flow-meter for water was derived from heat balance equations for a self-heated thermistor in static water and in water flow conditions (static and dynamic thermistor temperature). Both temperatures (static and dynamic) were related to self-heating currents. The input water temperature was measured independently by a cold thermistor. Other parameters such as water thermal conductivity, thermistor exponential factor B and nominal thermistor resistance at room temperature were included in the thermistor heat balance equations. The logarithmic behavior of self-heating thermistors in the water flow enable modeling of heat loss as a function of static and dynamic currents related to static and dynamic thermistor temperatures. The model achieved was used in the fitting procedure of measured data of the flow-meter response.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DEACETYLATION DEGREES VARIATION ON CHITOSAN NERVE CONDUIT FOR PERIPHERAL NERVE REGENERATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Fitriyatul Qulub ◽  
Prihartini Widiyanti ◽  
Hendita Nur Maulida ◽  
Ludita Woro Indrio ◽  
Tia Rahayu Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Nerve Conduit ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Mechanical Ability ◽  
Similarity Structure

Broken nerves could regenerate when exposed to simple injuries by using a nerve conduit that has appropriate physiological and mechanical ability to support the nerves regeneration around the fissure of trauma. One of the biopolymer for the conduit composition is chitosan because it is biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, and has similarity structure as natural glycosaminoglycans. The aim of research is to synthesize chitosan with variation of Degrees of Deacetylation (DD) and characterize the DD influence on mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Research design is prospective observational. Chitosan was treated with a decrease in the DD method and an increase in the temperature with the strength of alkaline solution, which was NaOH solution with concentrations of 5%, 20%, 35%, and 50% within 2 hours with a heating temperature of 95°C. The results of each DD variation were 23.24, 46.55, 53.48, and 55.06. It was characterized by tensile test with tensile strength values of 0.25 - 1.18 MPa. The degradation test results tend to decrease with the increasing concentration of NaOH proving that samples are biodegradable. The surface morphology of samples shows a pore range of 61.52 μm - 220.3 μm. The best result is the chitosan sample with 35% NaOH because due to the tensile characteristic and a pore in accordance with normal standard. Tensile strength is around 0.41 MPa - 3.69 MPa and pore size around 40 μm – 250 μm to accelerate nerve regeneration. The results are expected to provide alternative solution of nerve conduit development for peripheral nerve defects.

Preparation of Conducting PEDOT/PI Films by Depositing Polymerization of EDOT in Liquid Phase

2013 ◽  
Vol 341-342 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Mei Juan Zhang ◽  
Jian Xiong Li
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Surface Resistance ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Ftir Spectrum ◽  
Characteristic Absorption ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Resultant Film

PI film was suspended in NaOH, FeCl3and EDOT solutions sequentially. The surfaces of the films were analyzed with ATR-FTIR and the surface resistances were measured in four-probe mode. After immersed in NaOH solution amic acids were introduced to the film surface. The hydrolyzed film exhibited better adsorbing property and was able to adsorb FeCl3in g/m2magnitude. As the film with adsorbed FeCl3was suspended in EDOT solution EDOT deposited on the surface and converted to conducting PEDOT. The resultant film exhibited surface resistance about 105Ω and the characteristic absorption bonds of PEDOT on FTIR spectrum.

Bioadhesive from Distiller's Dried Grains with Solubles

2009 ◽  
Vol 87-88 ◽  
pp. 357-361
Author(s):  
C.Q. Fang ◽  
R. Auras ◽  
S.E. Selke
Keyword(s):  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Temperature Heating ◽  
Feedstock Material

Distiller's Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) is used to replace starch as a major feedstock material to produce bio-adhesive. The experimental conditions and the preparation process of the DDGS bioadhesive are outlined. The production and performance of DDGS adhesives were directly influenced by the heating temperature, heating time and concentration of hydroxide (NaOH) solution. When the heating temperature was 90 °C, the heating time was 10 min, and the concentration of NaOH solution was 30g/L, the yield of the DDGS adhesive was 61.6% wt/dry wt. The DDGS adhesive was less sensitivity to humidity than commercial starch adhesive.

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