scholarly journals UPDATING OF SURAKARTA SEISMIC SITE CLASS MAP BASED ON STANDARD PENETRTION TEST

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Yusep Muslih Purwana M.T. ◽  
Raden Harya Dananjaya ◽  
Yusuf Cahyo Nogroho
Keyword(s):  
Soft Soil ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Site Class ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Earthquake Sources ◽  
Earthquake Resistant ◽  
High Population Growth ◽  
Hard Soil ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

<p>Surakarta is one of the cities in Java island with a high population growth rate, triggering the increase<br />in the construction, especially for high-rise buildings. The city is close to several earthquake sources,<br />causing a high level of seismic hazard. One of the main parameters of earthquake resistant building<br />design is the value of peak ground acceleration at surface level. It is obtained by multiplying the peak<br />ground acceleration in the bedrock by a multiplier factor that depends on the site class conditions of the<br />location. A previous study has been conducted in 2015 using 32 boreholes indicating that around 19.5%<br />of Surakarta area is classified as SC (hard soil), and 80.5% of the rest is SD (medium soil). To increase<br />the accuracy, another 31 additional boreholes data are adopted. The new result shows that Surakarta is<br />divided into three different seismic site class. Around 4.80% the area is classified as SC (hard soil),<br />94.50% is SD (medium soil), and 0,70% is SE (soft soil). The southern part of Surakarta has a higher<br />level of vulnerability to earthquakes, especially in the border area between Banjarsari, Laweyan, and<br />Serengan subdistricts which have a SE (soft soil) seismic site class.</p>

scholarly journals Design Earthquake Response Spectrum Affected by Shallow Soil Deposit

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Kwan Kim ◽  
Hong-Gun Park ◽  
Chang-Guk Sun
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Earthquake Response ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Shallow Soil ◽  
Short Period

Site response analyses were performed to investigate the earthquake response of structures with shallow soil depth conditions in Korea. The analysis parameters included the properties of soft soil deposits at 487 sites, input earthquake accelerations, and peak ground-acceleration levels. The response spectra resulting from numerical analyses were compared with the design response spectra (DRS) specified in the 2015 International Building Code. The results showed that the earthquake motion of shallow soft soil was significantly different from that of deep soft soil, which was the basis of the IBC DRS. The responses of the structures were amplified when their dynamic periods were close to those of the site. In the case of sites with dynamic periods less than 0.4 s, the spectral accelerations of short-period structures were greater than those of the DRS corresponding to the site class specified in IBC 2015. On the basis of these results, a new form of DRS and soil factors are proposed.

Site Characterization Using Microtremor Array and Seismic Hazard Assessment for Jakarta, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 2644-2657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Ridwan ◽  
Phil R. Cummins ◽  
Sri Widiyantoro ◽  
Masyhur Irsyam
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Site Characterization ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Earthquake Hazards ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Near Surface

Abstract Site characterization is one of the most important components in seismic hazard analysis because it accounts for the important effects of near‐surface geology on ground motion. It is usually quantified based on the time‐averaged S‐wave velocity (VS) for the top 30 m of the profile (VS30). In this study, we estimate the site class in Jakarta based on VS structure estimated using microtremor array observations. The results show that microtremor‐derived VS profiles agree well with standard penetration test‐derived profiles at nine sites. The site‐class estimates in the Jakarta area can be divided into two National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program classes: (a) site class E (soft soil) located in alluvium, beach ridge, and alluvial fan deposits in northern and western Jakarta, and (b) site class D (stiff soil) found mainly in alluvial fan deposits in southeastern Jakarta. The variation of VS30 in Jakarta leads to different soil amplification factors that will impact the seismic hazard at the surface. We show that the seismic hazard resulting from selected ground‐motion models (GMMs) illustrates a clear influence of site effects at long periods (>1  s). However, the effect on peak ground acceleration and response spectra for short periods (0.2 s) appear to be less pronounced, due to the GMMs’ treatment of basin effects and nonlinear soil behavior. Available GMMs may not accurately account for such effects in the Jakarta basin, and GMMs specific to Indonesia should be developed to accurately assess seismic hazard there.

Monitoring and Optimization of Pilot Pollution in High-Rise

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-128
Author(s):  
Tianze Li ◽  
Tao Gao ◽  
Ye Liu ◽  
Yuhan Wang ◽  
JiaHui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Code Division Multiple Access ◽  
Development Process ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Access System ◽  
Network Operation ◽  
Pilot Pollution ◽  
High Level ◽  
Code Division Multiple ◽  
Multiple Access System ◽  
The City

With the development and construction of the city, more and more high-rise buildings, more and more intensive, urban high-rise building pilot pollution problems become more and more prominent, urgent technical researchers continue to optimize the current communication network solutions. CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) system has great operating prospects, in the third generation of mobile communication development process, the network competitiveness, network operation quality put forward higher requirements. This paper first introduces the self-interference characteristic of CDMA network, first introduces the concept of pilot pollution for CDMA network. Secondly, from the causes of high-level pilot pollution problems, the solution of high-level pilot pollution concentration is put forward for different situations. Finally, the problem of high-level pilot pollution is further analyzed with practical examples.

Acceleration Response Spectra for M 7.4 Donggala Earthquake and Comparison with Design Spectra

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Bambang Sunardi ◽  
Sulastri ◽  
Dwikorita Karnawati ◽  
Urip Haryoko ◽  
Supriyanto Rohadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Spectra ◽  
Acceleration Response ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Design Spectra ◽  
Acceleration Response Spectra ◽  
Hard Soil ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Earthquake Area ◽  
Peak Value

A 7.4 magnitude earthquake have strucked Donggala on September 28th 2018, followed by tsunami and liquefaction which hit Palu, Central Sulawesi, a few minutes later. This event had resulted in damage to buildings, and caused more than 2,000 people were killed and injured. Indonesia already have a building code in form of SNI 1726:2002 which had been updated to SNI 1726:2012. This paper analyses the hazard level caused by the 2018 Donggala earthquake compared to the existing design spectra, as mentioned in SNI 1726:2002 and SNI 1726:2012. A simple analysis was carried out by comparing Donggala earthquake’s acceleration response spectra with the existing design spectra, at the MPSI accelerograph station. The site class at MPSI station is hard soil (SC). The seismic hazard in Palu and Donggala refers to SNI 1726:2002 is included in the earthquake area 4. The maximum earthquake response factor for earthquake area 4 is about 0.6 for hard soil type (SC). The MPSI station recorded peak ground acceleration of Donggala earthquake around 0.14 g. The acceleration response spectra recorded at the MPSI station showed a peak value of around 0.71 g for the N component. This value is actually still below the design spectra referring to SNI 1726:2012, which the peak value is 0.88 g for SC, but, it exceeded the design spectra of SNI 1726:2002.

Response Analyses of High-Rise Steel Structure to Wave Passage Seismic Excitations

2012 ◽  
Vol 256-259 ◽  
pp. 2024-2027
Author(s):  
Tie Lin Liu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yang Yang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Soft Soil ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Earthquake Response ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Seismic Excitations ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Hard Soil ◽  
Short Span ◽  
Wave Passage

The earthquake responses of short span structures are usually obtained by using uniform excitations. Wave passage effects are often artificially neglected for short span structures. In this paper, a high-rise steel residence structure of 18-story is adopted to study the earthquake responses of high-rise steel structures to wave passage excitations and uniform excitations by using the software Midas/GEN. Two groups of earthquake acceleration records are chosen respectively from sites of hard soil and soft soil. Comparisons of the shear forces and the bending moments under uniform excitations and wave passage excitations shown that wave passage effects shouldn’t be neglected in the earthquake response analyses even for short span structures.

scholarly journals Seagrass Cover On The Island Of Manado Tua, Bunaken Kepulauan District, Manado City

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Efraim Bulele ◽  
Ferdinand F. Tilaar ◽  
Maartianus S. Baroleh ◽  
Ridwan Lasabuda ◽  
Darus S. J. Paransa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Tidal Wave ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Seagrass Cover ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City ◽  
High Chance

The lamun is a high level of vegetation that lives in the sub-tropical region. The lamun has a high chance of survival in southeast Asia. In Indonesia, details of the largest tidal wave in the east are so much for research about lamun, one of which is information about the current research project of the lamun ocean in old manado island. The study was intended to obtain information about the percentage of lamun caps in the coastal waters of old manando island. Research is based on the old island of manado, the bunaken islands district, the city of manado was completed in the second week of December. To find out which artic percentage patch on Manado Tua island, a type of seagrass Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acorides, 71% frame presentation. The total 33 square, the 23 squares is Enhalus acorides and 2 of them Thalassia hemprichii while the other 8 squares are occupied by 2 types seagrass. the other net value of the current was 3,4 cm/s, a precentage of current velocity 100%, and when the water rose 0,21 m, whereas a high rise of 2,17 m, the salinity rate of Manado island is 35 ‰, three times that of salinity measurement was achived in lowest scores 26⁰C and the highest figure 29⁰C, the caostal waters substrat Manado tua island to which is sand, rocky, coral reef mixes, sand blends with gravel.Key words : seagrass, percent of cover, Manado tua island ABSTRAKLamun adalah tumbuhan tingkat tinggi yang hidup di wilayah sub-tropis. Lamun mempunyai peluang hidup yang tinggi di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Di indonesia rincian luasan lamun terbesar berada dibagian timur sehingga masih banyak kajian penelitian yang harus diungkapkan tentang Lamun, salah satunya informasi mengenai presentase tutupan Lamun. penelitian kali ini mengenai tutupan lamun di perairan pantai pulau Manado Tua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang persentase tutupan lamun di perairan pantai pulau Manando tua. Penelitian berlokasi di Pulau Manado tua, Kecamatan Bunaken Kepulauan, Kota Manado  dilaksanakan pada minggu kedua bulan Desember. Untuk mengetahui persantese tutupan lamun di pulau Manado Tua menggunakan metode Line transeck . Hasil penelitian di Pulau Manado tua, jenis lamun yaitu: Thalassia hemprichii dan Enhalus acorides, presentase tutupan lamun 71,4%. Total 33 kuadrat, 23 diantarnya adalah Enhalus acorides dan 2 diantaranya Thalassia hemprichii sedangkan 8 kuadrat lainnya ditempati 2 jenis lamun. Parameter biofisik lainnya yang didapat, kecepatan arus rata-rata pengukuran 3 stasiun yaitu 3,4 cm/s, persentase kecepatan arus 100%, kedalam saat air surut 0,21 m sedangkan ketika pasang tertinggi 2,17 m, Pengukuran salinitas di peraiaran pantai pulau Manado Tua diperoleh angka kadar salinitas yaitu 35 ‰, pengukuran suhu dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali dan di peroleh angka terendah 26⁰C dan angka paling tinggi 29⁰C, Substrat perairan pantai pulau Manado yang di temui yaitu berpasir, berbatu,  bercampur terumbu karang, pasir bercampur dengan kerikil. merskipun tingkat keragaman jenis tidak tinggi namun penelitian di perairan pantai pulau Manado Tua menujukan bahwa persentase tutupan lamun berada dalam kategori Baik (≥ 60%). Kata kunci : Lamun, Persentase tutupan, Pulau Manado tua

scholarly journals Kelas Situs Tanah Kota Banda Aceh Berdasarkan Nilai Periode Dominan Mikrotremor

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Cecep Sulaeman ◽  
Akhmad Solikhin
Keyword(s):  
Amplification Factor ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Site Amplification ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Class D ◽  
Dominant Period ◽  
Hard Soil ◽  
Factor Maps ◽  
Banda Aceh

ABSTRAKPengukuran mikrotremor di Kota Banda Aceh telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui periode dominan dan nilai faktoramplifikasi guncangan gempa bumi. Pengukuran dilakukan pada 92 titik ukur memakai seismometer 3 komponenmodel Lennartz LE-3D berperiode natural 5 detik dan perekam digital model SARA SL-06 24 bit. Peta mikrotremorKota Banda Aceh terdiri atas periode dominan dan H/V amplifikasi. Periode dominan Kota Banda Aceh menunjukkanterdapat tiga kelas situs tanah yaitu : kelas situs C (tanah keras) dengan nilai periode dominan 0,2 detik < T ≤ 0,4detik, kelas D (tanah kaku) dengan nilai periode dominan antara 0,4 detik hingga 0,6 detik, dan kelas E (tanah lunak)dengan nilai periode dominan di atas 0,6 detik. Kelas situs D dan E menyebar hampir ke semua kecamatan sementarakelas situs C hanya terdapat di Kutaraja. Nilai H/V amplifikasi Kota Banda Aceh bervariasi antara 1,98 hingga 5,88.Kata kunci : periode dominan, ampilifikasi, kelas situs tanah.ABSTRACTMicrotremor measurement was conducted to obtain dominant period and site amplification factor of Banda AcehCity. The measurements were carried out in 92 sites in the city using 3-component-seismometer Lennartz LE-3D withnatural period 5 s and data logger model SARA SL-06 24 bit. The microtremor map of Banda Aceh City consists ofdominant period and H/V amplification factor maps. The dominant period of Banda Aceh City consisting of three siteclasses are C (hard soil) with dominant period 0.2 s < T ≤ 0.4 s, D (stiff soil) with dominant period between 0.4 sto 0.6 s, and E (soft soil) with dominant period greater than 0.6 s. Site class D and E areas stretch out almost in allsubdistricts, while C class is only in Kutaraja. The H/V amplification value of Banda Aceh city varies between 1.98and 5.88.Keywords : dominant period, amplification, site class.

Monitoring and Optimization of Pilot Pollution in High-Rise

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-132
Author(s):  
Tianze Li ◽  
Tao Gao ◽  
Ye Liu ◽  
Yuhan Wang ◽  
JiaHui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Communication Development ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The Third ◽  
Network Operation ◽  
Pilot Pollution ◽  
High Level ◽  
Code Division Multiple ◽  
Multiple Access System ◽  
The City

With the development and construction of the city, more and more high-rise buildings, more and more intensive, urban high-rise building pilot pollution problems become more and more prominent, urgent technical researchers continue to optimize the current communication network solutions. CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) system has great operating prospects, in the third generation of mobile communication development process, the network competitiveness, network operation quality put forward higher requirements. This paper first introduces the self-interference characteristic of CDMA network, first introduces the concept of pilot pollution for CDMA network. Secondly, from the causes of high-level pilot pollution problems, the solution of high-level pilot pollution concentration is put forward for different situations. Finally, the problem of high-level pilot pollution is further analyzed with practical examples.

Evaluation of floor acceleration demands from the 2017 Mexico City code seismic provisions using a continuous elastic model and records of instrumented buildings

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 213-237
Author(s):  
Miguel A Jaimes ◽  
Adrián D García-Soto
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Elastic Model ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Nonstructural Components ◽  
Floor Response Spectra ◽  
Instrumented Buildings ◽  
Floor Acceleration

This study presents an evaluation of floor acceleration demands for the design of rigid and flexible acceleration-sensitive nonstructural components in buildings, calculated using the most recent Mexico City seismic design provisions, released in 2017. This evaluation includes two approaches: (1) a simplified continuous elastic model and (2) using recordings from 10 instrumented buildings located in Mexico City. The study found that peak floor elastic acceleration demands imposed on rigid nonstructural components into buildings situated in Mexico City might reach values of 4.8 and 6.4 times the peak ground acceleration at rock and soft sites, respectively. The peak elastic acceleration demands imposed on flexible nonstructural components in all floors, estimated using floor response spectra, might be four times larger than the maximum acceleration of the floor at the point of support of the component for buildings located in rock and soft soil. Comparison of results from the two approaches with the current seismic design provisions revealed that the peak acceleration demands and floor response spectra computed with the current 2017 Mexico City seismic design provisions are, in general, adequate.

A Comparison of Urban with Rural Support Networks: Liverpool and North Wales

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Clare Wenger
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Care And Support ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

AbstractThis paper compares findings on the distribution of support networks in the City of Liverpool and in rural communities in North Wales. It demonstrates that while support network type is highly correlated with a wide range of demographic and social variables in both urban and rural samples, the nature of the relationships are not always comparable. The paper shows how cultural, migration and socio-economic factors interact to affect the formation of different types of support networks. As a result of a more stable elderly population, more old people in Liverpool have network types able to provide a high level of informal care and support.

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