Earthquake Disaster Mitigation and Earthquake Engineering in Japan – A Review with a Special Emphasis on the Kobe Earthquake and its Impact

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Tsuneo Katayama ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Scientific Review ◽  
Earthquake Disaster ◽  
Kobe Earthquake ◽  
Before And After

This is a review of the changes in earthquake disaster mitigation and earthquake engineering in Japan after the 1964 Niigata earthquake, with a special emphasis on the 1995 Kobe earthquake and its impact in particular. This paper is unique in that it has no equations and also in that it shows the light and dark aspects of Japanese earthquake engineering both before and after the Kobe earthquake. Since this article is prosaic, personal, and often emotional, it may be difficult to call it a scientific review. I have tried to ask myself what I overlooked before the Kobe earthquake. Although I do not think that I was able to touch upon all matters considered important, I have summarized some of the changes and advances that have taken place close to me. Some of the points in this review have been discussed elsewhere [1], but the entire paper has been rewritten in a different framework.

scholarly journals Exploring the change of Risk Perception and Adaptation Behavior among Varied Social Character Before and After Earthquake Disaster – A Case Study in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Ling Chen ◽  
Tzu-Yuan Chao ◽  
Hao-Tung Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Earthquake Disaster ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Risk Education ◽  
Indicator Framework ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract. Resilience has rapidly arisen in multiple disciplines and has been regarded as the key in disaster mitigation and adaptation. Objective indicator framework is a common way evaluating resilience while limited attention on measuring subjective resilience. In fact, subjective resilience might further explain how people respond to the uncertainty of disaster risks. Due to the limitation on predicting potential earthquake events, past studies put more efforts on discussing pre-disaster. Luckily, this paper could explore the change of risk perception and adaptation behavior in types of socio-economic groups through a comparative analysis between pre- and post- earthquake disaster, and one-way analysis of variance with Post Hoc test is applied to examining the change of risk perception and adaptation behavior. The results show that female might be much willing on house retrofit due to the fear and the worrisome. However, the elders might be less aware on earthquake than the young. Education indeed affects people’s risk perception and adaptive behavior. As a whole, the results could be referred to areas clustered of male, female, elder population, and lower education population by providing risk communication, risk education, and diverse disaster adaptation options. Although limitation exists, the results of comparative analysis between pre-disaster and post-disaster conditions could be referred to adequate strategies and decide the priority of risk management policies by governments.

The NSF Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Research Program

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Liu ◽  
W. Anderson ◽  
C. Astill ◽  
L. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Research Program ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Earthquake Simulation ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Earthquake Disaster ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
The U.S

This paper presents several major developments and research initiatives of NSF's program in earthquake hazard mitigation. These activities include (1) establishment of three new earthquake engineering research centers in the U.S., (2) initiation of a major five-year cooperative research program on urban earthquake disaster mitigation between the U.S. and Japan, (3) initiation of two joint center-to-center projects between the U.S. and Japan, and (4) planning for a high-performance earthquake simulation facility network in the U.S. These activities highlight the ever-increasing importance of research innovations for earthquake disaster mitigation and the continuing challenges for cooperation between the U.S. and Japan.

A Short Note for Dr. Omote’s Review in 1973

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-25
Author(s):  
Tsuneo Katayama ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Kobe Earthquake ◽  
Earthquake Resistant Design ◽  
Earthquake Resistant ◽  
Earthquake Design ◽  
Ultimate Purpose

In the preceding article, I have reviewed from my very personal point of view the changes in earthquake disaster mitigation and earthquake engineering issues which took place mainly in the last quarter of the 20 th century in Japan, with a strong emphasis on the influences of the 1995 Kobe earthquake. Having read the review by Dr. Omote published in 1973, I was impressed by his comprehensive understanding of the issue which appears fresh even today. He covers from topics on seismology to earthquake design methods which were available and most advanced at that time. His understanding on the general principles of earthquake resistant design was very sound when he wrote, “The ultimate purpose of antiseismic design and construction of structures is to protect human lives. But, such structures may become too expensive from the practical point of view.” He stresses then, “Firstly, try to protect human lives from earthquake destruction, secondly, construct structures strong enough not to be damaged by destructive earthquakes, and thirdly, never let structures severely collapse even though some damage may be allowed for extremely strong motions.” If these principles had been observed by engineers concerned, we would not have experienced such a disaster in Kobe in 1995. Tsuneo Katayama Professor, Tokyo Denki University

scholarly journals A Methodology of Workshops to Explore Mutual Assistance Activities for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3814
Author(s):  
Kazuki Karashima ◽  
Akira Ohgai
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Suggested Method ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Earthquake Disaster ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Mutual Assistance ◽  
Large Earthquakes

To minimize the damage caused by large earthquakes, mutual assistance activities between residents and rescue victims (i.e., to support residents who cannot evacuate individually) are important. To enhance these activities, the technologies and methods for creating a Community Disaster Management Plan (CDMP), based on the quantitative evaluation of mutual assistance abilities, are required. However, the lack of a method for it is a key issue. This study aims to develop a methodology of workshops for making CDMPs by using the developed support tool by the authors to explore and promote mutual assistance activities. Through the demonstration and examination of a Community Disaster Management Plan on actual districts, the findings mentioned in this article were obtained. Moreover, the usability of this method is shown. In particular, this method is effective at revising CDMPs, and raising resident awareness on the importance of mutual assistance. The suggested method can also improve the lack of techniques involved in promoting mutual assistance.

scholarly journals Earthquake Resistant Residential Neighborhood in China: Examination of vulnerability in outdoor spaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Xue Ma ◽  
Ryuzo Ohno
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Earthquake Disaster ◽  
Residential Neighborhood ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Earthquake Resistant ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
The City ◽  
Open Access Article

China is a seismic active country. We suffered a large number of fatalities by earthquake damage. A great deal of requirements on disaster mitigation has been putting forward and which is becoming a hot topic in the society. This paper focuses on the safety situation of residential environment in Chinese cities, tries to examine the vulnerabilities for earthquake disaster mitigation. We chose the city of Tianjin as target area applying for the detail analysis. An evaluation was interpreted into suggestions and advices on planning and management. Keywords: Vulnerability, Earthquake disaster mitigation, Residential area eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

EFFECT OF HEALTH EDUCATION ON STUDENT KNOWLEDGE IN DEALING DISASTER IN SD PADOKAN BANTUL YOGYAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masta Hutasoit
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Earthquake Disaster ◽  
The Impact

Background: Bantul is one of the areas in Yogyakarta that is at risk of disaster. The results of interviews with the head of SD N 2 Padokan found that the school had never had any training on disaster and not yet implemented the curriculum on disaster mitigation. Children are age groups that are very vulnerable to the impact of both physical and psychological disasters. Knowledge of disaster preparedness is important for disaster preventionThe purpose of the study: to determine the effect of health education on knowledge of student preparedness to earthquake disaster events in SD N 2 Padokan, Bantul.Method: This research is quantitative research with quasi experiment design. The design used was pre test and post test nonequivalent control group. The number of samples in the intervention group and the control group were 27 students of class V. The sampling were collected by purposive sampling according to the criteria. Methods of data collection using questionnaires and using nonparametric statistical analysis Wilcoxon with the help of SPSS v.17 for Windows program.Results: The results showed no effect of health education on earthquake disaster preparedness knowledge in SD N 2 Padokan obtained p value 0.480 with α 0.05. In the intervention group the difference of knowledge before and after is indicated by p value 0.180, while for the control group 1,000.Conclusion: there is no effect of health education on disaster preparedness knowledge in SD N 2 Padokan.  

scholarly journals The identification of parameter arrangement for hypothetical model of campus with earthquake disaster mitigation insight

2018 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Lies Wahyuni ◽  
Dede Rohmat ◽  
Iwan Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Hypothetical Model ◽  
Earthquake Disaster ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Simple Parameter

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia is one of the leading university that should be responsive to environmental phenomena, especially about the earthquake disaster. Thus, developing disaster mitigation model is a very important thing to do. The purpose of this research is (1) identification of disaster risk factors, (2) classifying parameters and disaster risk indicator based on the availability of data, difficulty in obtaining data, and the accuracy of data, (3) develop alternative parameters to be used as a campus disaster mitigation model-based classification of disaster risk indicator. The method used in this research is literature study, analysis, and synthesis of theory and approach based on consideration of the expertise of the several specialist’s mitigations. The result of this study is an arrangement of the parameter for a campus with disaster mitigation hypothetical model insight which is divided into 3 parts, namely: ideal parameter consisting of 30 parameter indicators, medium parameter consisting of 27 parameter indicators, and simple parameter consisting of 22 parameter indicators.

The 2010 Haiti Earthquake Disaster: The ShakeMap that could have been...

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahar Shani-Kadmiel ◽  
Gil Averbuch ◽  
Pieter Smets ◽  
Jelle Assink ◽  
Läslo Evers
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Haiti Earthquake ◽  
Earthquake Disaster ◽  
Global Coverage ◽  
Test Ban

<p>When an earthquake occurs, it is important to rapidly assess the severity of the consequences. The distribution of shaking intensity around the epicenter, known as the ShakeMap, is a key component in this process and is crucial for guiding first responders to the region. Whereas earthquake source characteristics, e.g., location and magnitude, can be rapidly determined using distant seismic stations, ground motion measurements from stations in the near-source region are needed to generate an adequate ShakeMap. When few or no seismometers exist in the region, ground motions are only estimated and the ShakeMap can be grossly inaccurate.</p><p>Besides seismic waves, earthquakes generate infrasound, i.e., inaudible acoustic waves in the atmosphere. Due to the low frequency nature of infrasound, and facilitated by waveguides in the atmosphere, signals propagate over long ranges with limited attenuation and are detected at ground-based stations. Here we show, that acousto-ShakeMaps, indicating the relative shaking intensity, can be rapidly generated using remotely detected infrasound. We illustrate this with infrasound from the 2010 Mw 7.0 Port-au-Prince, Haiti earthquake, detected in Bermuda, over 1700 km away from Haiti.</p><p>Such observations are made possible by: (1) An advanced array processing technique that enables the detection of coherent wavefronts, even when amplitudes are below the noise level, and (2) A backprojection technique that maps infrasound detections in time to their origin on the Earth's surface.</p><p>Infrasound measurements are conducted globally for the verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty and together with regional infrasound networks allow for an unprecedented global coverage. This makes infrasound as an earthquake disaster mitigation technique feasible for the first time.</p>

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