A Short Note for Dr. Omote’s Review in 1973

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-25
Author(s):  
Tsuneo Katayama ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Kobe Earthquake ◽  
Earthquake Resistant Design ◽  
Earthquake Resistant ◽  
Earthquake Design ◽  
Ultimate Purpose

In the preceding article, I have reviewed from my very personal point of view the changes in earthquake disaster mitigation and earthquake engineering issues which took place mainly in the last quarter of the 20 th century in Japan, with a strong emphasis on the influences of the 1995 Kobe earthquake. Having read the review by Dr. Omote published in 1973, I was impressed by his comprehensive understanding of the issue which appears fresh even today. He covers from topics on seismology to earthquake design methods which were available and most advanced at that time. His understanding on the general principles of earthquake resistant design was very sound when he wrote, “The ultimate purpose of antiseismic design and construction of structures is to protect human lives. But, such structures may become too expensive from the practical point of view.” He stresses then, “Firstly, try to protect human lives from earthquake destruction, secondly, construct structures strong enough not to be damaged by destructive earthquakes, and thirdly, never let structures severely collapse even though some damage may be allowed for extremely strong motions.” If these principles had been observed by engineers concerned, we would not have experienced such a disaster in Kobe in 1995. Tsuneo Katayama Professor, Tokyo Denki University

scholarly journals Book Reviews

1988 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Editor
Keyword(s):  
Design Practice ◽  
Earthquake Resistant Design ◽  
Earthquake Resistant ◽  
Earthquake Design

"Earthquake Design Practice for Buildings" Author: David E. Key "Earthquake Resistant Design for Engineers and Architects" (second edition) Author: David J. Dowrick "In Spite of His Time - A Biography of R.C. Hayes, Earthquake Pioneer, Astronomer, Musician" Author: Margaret Hayes


A Short Note for Dr. Shibata's Review in 1975

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-189
Author(s):  
Kohei Suzuki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Professor Emeritus ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Kobe Earthquake ◽  
And Control

Dr. Heki Shibata, Professor Emeritus of the University of Tokyo, who authored this paper, is a pioneer in earthquake engineering in Japan and the leading expert in mechanical engineering and seismic design of involving pressure vessels and piping equipment of nuclear power plants and high-pressure gas plants. In this paper, he classifies and analyzes mode failures and failure mechanisms in a variety of equipment based on his experience in surveying the damage to industrial facilities caused by the 1964 Niigata Earthquake and the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake. He proposes introducing the "factor of importance" based on potential of danger in seismic design, developing basic seismic design calculating the maximum response of a structure using seismic coefficients including those defined using this factor of importance. This idea has been effectively implemented as the basis for seismic design of structures and equipment to this day, and its historical value has been proven. He points out the importance of the reliability of seismic design and the safe design of instrumentation and control in seismic design. Dr. Shibata emphasizes the importance of learning the lessons presented by the damage experienced in earthquakes, the 1995 Kobe Earthquake - yet another example of his invaluable foresight.

Earthquake Disaster Mitigation and Earthquake Engineering in Japan – A Review with a Special Emphasis on the Kobe Earthquake and its Impact

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Tsuneo Katayama ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Scientific Review ◽  
Earthquake Disaster ◽  
Kobe Earthquake ◽  
Before And After

This is a review of the changes in earthquake disaster mitigation and earthquake engineering in Japan after the 1964 Niigata earthquake, with a special emphasis on the 1995 Kobe earthquake and its impact in particular. This paper is unique in that it has no equations and also in that it shows the light and dark aspects of Japanese earthquake engineering both before and after the Kobe earthquake. Since this article is prosaic, personal, and often emotional, it may be difficult to call it a scientific review. I have tried to ask myself what I overlooked before the Kobe earthquake. Although I do not think that I was able to touch upon all matters considered important, I have summarized some of the changes and advances that have taken place close to me. Some of the points in this review have been discussed elsewhere [1], but the entire paper has been rewritten in a different framework.

Storage Tanks Under Earthquake Loading

1990 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 261-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz G. Rammerstorfer ◽  
Knut Scharf ◽  
Franz D. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Strongly Nonlinear ◽  
Liquid Storage ◽  
Earthquake Resistant Design ◽  
Earthquake Resistant ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Interaction Problem

This is a state-of-the-art review of various treatments of earthquake loaded liquid filled shells by the methods of earthquake engineering, fluid dynamics, structural and soil dynamics, as well as the theory of stability and computational mechanics. Different types of tanks and different possibilities of tank failure will be discussed. We will emphasize cylindrical above-ground liquid storage tanks with a vertical axis. But many of the treatments are also valid for other tank configurations. For the calculation of the dynamically activated pressure due to an earthquake a fluid-structure-soil interaction problem must be solved. The review will describe the methods, proposed by different authors, to solve this interaction problem. To study the dynamic behavior of liquid storage tanks, one must distinguish between anchored and unanchored tanks. In the case of an anchored tank, the tank bottom edge is fixed to the foundation. If the tank is unanchored, partial lifting of the tank’s bottom may occur, and a strongly nonlinear problem has to be solved. We will compare the various analytical and numerical models applicable to this problem, in combination with experimental data. An essential aim of this review is to give a summary of methods applicable as tools for an earthquake resistant design, which can be used by an engineer engaged in the construction of liquid storage tanks.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of Earthquake Resistant Building (Three Storeyed R.C.C. School Building) using STAAD.PRO

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 2846-2850
Author(s):  
Ms. Sayali Ambatkar
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Structural Member ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
School Building ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
Earthquake Resistant Design ◽  
Earthquake Resistant ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Recent Earthquakes

The field of Earthquake Engineering has existed in our country for over 35 years now. Indian earthquake engineers have made significant contributions to the seismic safety of several important structures in the country. However, as the recent earthquakes have shown, the performance of normal structures during past Indian earthquakes has been less satisfactory. This is mainly due to the lack of awareness amongst most practising engineers of the special provisions that need to be followed in earthquake resistant design and thereafter in construction. In India, the multi-storied building is constructed due to high cost and scarcity of land. In order to utilize maximum land area, builders and architects generally proposed asymmetrical plan configuration. These asymmetrical plan buildings, which are constructed in seismic prone areas, are likely to be damaged during earthquake. Earthquake is a natural phenomenon which can be generate the most destructive forces on structure. Buildings should be made Safe for lives by proper design and detailing of structural member in order to have a ductile form of failure. The concept of earthquake resistant design is that the building should be designed to resist the forces, which arises due to Design Basic Earthquake, with only minor damages and the forces which arises due to Maximum Considered Earthquake, with some accepted structural damages but no collapse. This paper studies the Earthquake Resisting Building.

scholarly journals A Short Note for Dr. Watabe’s Review in 1974

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-357
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kuramoto ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Preceding Article ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Earthquake Resistant

In the preceding article, I reviewed two seismic design codes of the Building Standard Law of Japan, revised in 1981 and 2000, with the transition of Japanese seismic design codes. Having read the 1974 review by Dr. Makoto Watabe, I was most impressed by his comprehensive understanding of seismic structural systems for buildings – an understanding that is fresh even today, more than 3 decades later. He moves from the basic principles for seismic building design to earthquake-resistant properties of building. The general seismic design principles of buildings he has reviewed are very sound and introduced both in current seismic design codes I have reviewed and the seismic design of super high-rise buildings over 60 m high.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF UNDERSTANDING OF THE SYSTEM OBJECT IN DESIGN

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
V. Barysheva ◽  
O. Druzhinina
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Design Culture ◽  
Design Program ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Cultural Experts ◽  
Union Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Separate Product

The article is devoted to the analysis of the system object from the point of view of design from design, sociocultural and philosophical positions. The authors systematize the definitions of a system object of design proposed in the 1960–1980s by theorists and practitioners, art historians, cultural experts and philosophers from different countries, including Russia, which allows a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon of design culture. This article is devoted to the characteristic properties of the system object in design. They were considered and analyzed on the example of the «Absheron» design-program when designing of agricultural village). This concept was developed at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Technical Aesthetics (VNIITE) in 1983. Using the same example, the features of the approach to designing a system object in design was observed not only as a separate product, but as a sociocultural situation that constantly changes at each design stage.

scholarly journals Exceedance of design actions in epicentral areas: insights from the ShakeMap envelopes for the 2016–2017 central Italy sequence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iunio Iervolino ◽  
Pasquale Cito ◽  
Chiara Felicetta ◽  
Giovanni Lanzano ◽  
Antonio Vitale
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Seismic Sequence ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Motion Effect ◽  
Observed Damage

AbstractShakeMap is the tool to evaluate the ground motion effect of earthquakes in vast areas. It is useful to delimit the zones where the shaking is expected to have been most significant, for civil defense rapid response. From the earthquake engineering point of view, it can be used to infer the seismic actions on the built environment to calibrate vulnerability models or to define the reconstruction policies based on observed damage vs shaking. In the case of long-lasting seismic sequences, it can be useful to develop ShakeMap envelopes, that is, maps of the largest ground intensity among those from the ShakeMap of (selected) events of a seismic sequence, to delimit areas where the effects of the whole sequence have been of structural engineering relevance. This study introduces ShakeMap envelopes and discusses them for the central Italy 2016–2017 seismic sequence. The specific goals of the study are: (i) to compare the envelopes and the ShakeMap of the main events of the sequence to make the case for sequence-based maps; (ii) to quantify the exceedance of design seismic actions based on the envelopes; (iii) to make envelopes available for further studies and the reconstruction planning; (iv) to gather insights on the (repeated) exceedance of design seismic actions at some sites. Results, which include considerations of uncertainty in ShakeMap, show that the sequence caused exceedance of design hazard in thousands of square kilometers. The most relevant effects of the sequence are, as expected, due to the mainshock, yet seismic actions larger than those enforced by the code for structural design are found also around the epicenters of the smaller magnitude events. At some locations, the succession of ground-shaking that has excited structures, provides insights on structural damage accumulation that has likely taken place; something that is not accounted for explicitly in modern seismic design. The envelopes developed are available as supplemental material.

scholarly journals FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF FILL-TYPE DAMS

1983 ◽  
Vol 1983 (339) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio OHNE ◽  
Hidehiro TATEBE ◽  
Kunitomo NARITA ◽  
Tetsuo OKUMURA
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Earthquake Resistant Design ◽  
Earthquake Resistant
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