scholarly journals Tooth Regenerative Therapy, Approached from Organogenesis

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 506-511
Author(s):  
Kazuhisa Nakao ◽  
◽  
Takashi Tsuji ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Artificial Organs ◽  
Therapeutic System ◽  
Partial Loss ◽  
Organ Function ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Cell Transplantation Therapy ◽  
Transplantation Therapy ◽  
Organ Replacement

Regenerative medicine is expected to be a novel therapeutic system in this century [1-3]. The human body consists of 200 cell species generated from immature stem cells. In the 1990s, a treatment transplanting hematopoietic stem cells to replace all blood cells was established and successfully cured leukemia [4]. With this as a model, stem cell transplantation therapy is being developed to restore the partial loss of organ function [5, 6]. The ultimate goal of regenerative medicine is to replace loss or damaged organs with artificial organs, so-called organ replacement therapy. Technical development to produce “tissues” made of a single cell species modeled on skin, bone, heart muscle, and cornea is advancing, but little development of organs per se has been attempted. In the sections that follow, we discuss why and explain how we are trying with the problems of “tooth regeneration.”

scholarly journals Neural stem cells: involvement in adult neurogenesis and CNS repair

2008 ◽  
Vol 363 (1500) ◽  
pp. 2111-2122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Okano ◽  
Kazunobu Sawamoto
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Cell Transplantation Therapy ◽  
Transplantation Therapy

Recent advances in stem cell research, including the selective expansion of neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro , the induction of particular neural cells from embryonic stem cells in vitro , the identification of NSCs or NSC-like cells in the adult brain and the detection of neurogenesis in the adult brain (adult neurogenesis), have laid the groundwork for the development of novel therapies aimed at inducing regeneration in the damaged central nervous system (CNS). There are two major strategies for inducing regeneration in the damaged CNS: (i) activation of the endogenous regenerative capacity and (ii) cell transplantation therapy. In this review, we summarize the recent findings from our group and others on NSCs, with respect to their role in insult-induced neurogenesis (activation of adult NSCs, proliferation of transit-amplifying cells, migration of neuroblasts and survival and maturation of the newborn neurons), and implications for therapeutic interventions, together with tactics for using cell transplantation therapy to treat the damaged CNS.

scholarly journals Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine: Myth or Reality of the 21th Century

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-F. Stoltz ◽  
N. de Isla ◽  
Y. P. Li ◽  
D. Bensoussan ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Cardiac Insufficiency ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Fetal Stem Cells ◽  
Organ Regeneration

Since the 1960s and the therapeutic use of hematopoietic stem cells of bone marrow origin, there has been an increasing interest in the study of undifferentiated progenitors that have the ability to proliferate and differentiate into various tissues. Stem cells (SC) with different potency can be isolated and characterised. Despite the promise of embryonic stem cells, in many cases, adult or even fetal stem cells provide a more interesting approach for clinical applications. It is undeniable that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from bone marrow, adipose tissue, or Wharton’s Jelly are of potential interest for clinical applications in regenerative medicine because they are easily available without ethical problems for their uses. During the last 10 years, these multipotent cells have generated considerable interest and have particularly been shown to escape to allogeneic immune response and be capable of immunomodulatory activity. These properties may be of a great interest for regenerative medicine. Different clinical applications are under study (cardiac insufficiency, atherosclerosis, stroke, bone and cartilage deterioration, diabetes, urology, liver, ophthalmology, and organ’s reconstruction). This review focuses mainly on tissue and organ regeneration using SC and in particular MSC.

scholarly journals Preconditioned and Genetically Modified Stem Cells for Myocardial Infarction Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Raziyeva ◽  
Aiganym Smagulova ◽  
Yevgeniy Kim ◽  
Saltanat Smagul ◽  
Ayan Nurkesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Cellular Reprogramming ◽  
Genetic Manipulations ◽  
Cell Transplantation Therapy ◽  
Transplantation Therapy

Ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction remain leading causes of mortality worldwide. Existing myocardial infarction treatments are incapable of fully repairing and regenerating the infarcted myocardium. Stem cell transplantation therapy has demonstrated promising results in improving heart function following myocardial infarction. However, poor cell survival and low engraftment at the harsh and hostile environment at the site of infarction limit the regeneration potential of stem cells. Preconditioning with various physical and chemical factors, as well as genetic modification and cellular reprogramming, are strategies that could potentially optimize stem cell transplantation therapy for clinical application. In this review, we discuss the most up-to-date findings related to utilizing preconditioned stem cells for myocardial infarction treatment, focusing mainly on preconditioning with hypoxia, growth factors, drugs, and biological agents. Furthermore, genetic manipulations on stem cells, such as the overexpression of specific proteins, regulation of microRNAs, and cellular reprogramming to improve their efficiency in myocardial infarction treatment, are discussed as well.

scholarly journals Functions and the Emerging Role of the Foetal Liver into Regenerative Medicine

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancotti ◽  
Monti ◽  
Nevi ◽  
Brunelli ◽  
Pajno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Foetal Liver ◽  
Cell Sources ◽  
Cell Niche

During foetal life, the liver plays the important roles of connection and transient hematopoietic function. Foetal liver cells develop in an environment called a hematopoietic stem cell niche composed of several cell types, where stem cells can proliferate and give rise to mature blood cells. Embryologically, at about the third week of gestation, the liver appears, and it grows rapidly from the fifth to 10th week under WNT/β-Catenin signaling pathway stimulation, which induces hepatic progenitor cells proliferation and differentiation into hepatocytes. Development of new strategies and identification of new cell sources should represent the main aim in liver regenerative medicine and cell therapy. Cells isolated from organs with endodermal origin, like the liver, bile ducts, and pancreas, could be preferable cell sources. Furthermore, stem cells isolated from these organs could be more susceptible to differentiate into mature liver cells after transplantation with respect to stem cells isolated from organs or tissues with a different embryological origin. The foetal liver possesses unique features given the co-existence of cells having endodermal and mesenchymal origin, and it could be highly available source candidate for regenerative medicine in both the liver and pancreas. Taking into account these advantages, the foetal liver can be the highest potential and available cell source for cell therapy regarding liver diseases and diabetes.

Engineered Biomimetic Nanofibers for Regenerative Medicine

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
Seeram Ramakrishna ◽  
Jayarama Reddy Venugopal ◽  
Susan Liao
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Attempts have been made to fabricate nanofibrous scaffolds to mimic the chemical composition and structural properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) for tissue/organ regeneration. Nanofibers with various patterns have been successfully produced from synthetic and natural polymers through a relatively simple technique of electrospinning. The resulting patterns can mimic some of the diverse tissue-specific orientation and three-dimensional (3D) fibrous structure. Studies on cell-nanofiber interactions have revealed the importance of nanotopography on cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Our recent data showed that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as well as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can rapidly and effectively attached to the functionalized nanofibers. Mineralized 3D nanofibrous scaffold with bone marrow derived MSCs has been applied for bone tissue engineering. The use of injectable nanofibers for cardiac tissue engineering applications is attractive as they allow for the encapsulation of cardiomyocytes/MSCs as well as bioactive molecules for the repair of myocardial infarction. Duplicate 3D heart helix microstructure by the nanofibrous cardiac patch might provide functional support for infarcted myocardium. Furthermore, clinical applications of electrospun nanofibers for regenerative medicine are highly feasible due to the ease and flexibility of fabrication with the cost-effective method of making nanofibers.

scholarly journals Pluripotency and nuclear reprogramming

2008 ◽  
Vol 363 (1500) ◽  
pp. 2079-2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Yamanaka
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Problem ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Donor Cell ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Cell Sources ◽  
Cell Transplantation Therapy ◽  
Transplantation Therapy

Embryonic stem cells are promising donor cell sources for cell transplantation therapy, which may in the future be used to treat various diseases and injuries. However, as is the case for organ transplantation, immune rejection after transplantation is a potential problem with this type of therapy. Moreover, the use of human embryos presents serious ethical difficulties. These issues may be overcome if pluripotent stem cells are generated from patients' somatic cells. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms underlying pluripotency and the currently known methods of inducing pluripotency in somatic cells.

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