Design and Fabrication of Changeable Cell Culture Mold

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puwanan Chumtong ◽  
◽  
Masaru Kojima ◽  
Kenichi Ohara ◽  
Yasushi Mae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Pdms Membrane ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tissue Structures ◽  
Actuator Layer

Although the fabrication of engineered organs as replacements for damaged organs has been widely studied over the past decade, practical fabrication is very difficult because the engineered organ usually has a very complex structure and cannot be fabricated simply by using a fixed scaffold. Special attention has therefore been paid to methods of making engineered organs by assembling composite parts. Since structures of these individual parts are very different, fabrication using fixed scaffolds requires a lot of effort and time. The concept of a changeable scaffold offered by “changeable cell culture (C3) mold” is proposed in this paper as a means to simplify the fabrication of these parts. Using a thin PDMS membrane as an actuator layer enables various scaffold structures to be formed and altered, in turn enabling the fabrication of many different tissue structures.C3mold consists of a 3 × 3 microactuator array with a diameter of 500 µm and spacing of 650 µm. Plant oil is used as the working fluid enabling deformation of the actuator layer. Various micropatterned gel sheets are fabricated, in order to demonstrate the possibility of usingC3molds in future tissue fabrication.

scholarly journals SpheroidPicker for automated 3D cell culture manipulation using deep learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Istvan Grexa ◽  
Akos Diosdi ◽  
Maria Harmati ◽  
Andras Kriston ◽  
Nikita Moshkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Standard Sample ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Syringe Pump ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Past

AbstractRecent statistics report that more than 3.7 million new cases of cancer occur in Europe yearly, and the disease accounts for approximately 20% of all deaths. High-throughput screening of cancer cell cultures has dominated the search for novel, effective anticancer therapies in the past decades. Recently, functional assays with patient-derived ex vivo 3D cell culture have gained importance for drug discovery and precision medicine. We recently evaluated the major advancements and needs for the 3D cell culture screening, and concluded that strictly standardized and robust sample preparation is the most desired development. Here we propose an artificial intelligence-guided low-cost 3D cell culture delivery system. It consists of a light microscope, a micromanipulator, a syringe pump, and a controller computer. The system performs morphology-based feature analysis on spheroids and can select uniform sized or shaped spheroids to transfer them between various sample holders. It can select the samples from standard sample holders, including Petri dishes and microwell plates, and then transfer them to a variety of holders up to 384 well plates. The device performs reliable semi- and fully automated spheroid transfer. This results in highly controlled experimental conditions and eliminates non-trivial side effects of sample variability that is a key aspect towards next-generation precision medicine.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 virus produced in cell culture revealed by shotgun proteomics and supported by genome sequencing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Gallais ◽  
Olivier Pible ◽  
Jean-Charles Gaillard ◽  
Stéphanie Debroas ◽  
Hélène Batina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Shotgun Proteomics ◽  
Rapid Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
The Past ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Subject

AbstractCOVID-19 is the most disturbing pandemic of the past hundred years. Its causative agent, the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been the subject of an unprecedented investigation to characterize its molecular structure and intimate functioning. While markers for its detection have been proposed and several diagnostic methodologies developed, its propensity to evolve and evade diagnostic tools and the immune response is of great concern. The recent spread of new variants with increased infectivity requires even more attention. Here, we document how shotgun proteomics can be useful for rapidly monitoring the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We evaluated the heterogeneity of purified SARS-CoV-2 virus obtained after culturing in the Vero E6 cell line. We found that cell culture induces significant changes that are translated at the protein level, such changes being detectable by tandem mass spectrometry. Production of viral particles requires careful quality control which can be easily performed by shotgun proteomics. Although considered relatively stable so far, the SARS-CoV-2 genome turns out to be prone to frequent variations. Therefore, the sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 variants from patients reporting only the consensus genome after its amplification would deserve more attention and could benefit from more in-depth analysis of low level but crystal-clear signals, as well as complementary and rapid analysis by shotgun proteomics. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Ferroelectric Materials: A Novel Pathway for Efficient Solar Water Splitting

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangmo Kim ◽  
Nguyen Nguyen ◽  
Chung Bark
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Ferroelectric Materials ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Splitting ◽  
The Past

Over the past few decades, solar water splitting has evolved into one of the most promising techniques for harvesting hydrogen using solar energy. Despite the high potential of this process for hydrogen production, many research groups have encountered significant challenges in the quest to achieve a high solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency. Recently, ferroelectric materials have attracted much attention as promising candidate materials for water splitting. These materials are among the best candidates for achieving water oxidation using solar energy. Moreover, their characteristics are changeable by atom substitute doping or the fabrication of a new complex structure. In this review, we describe solar water splitting technology via the solar-to-hydrogen conversion process. We will examine the challenges associated with this technology whereby ferroelectric materials are exploited to achieve a high solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency.

scholarly journals Kinetic electronics: Monolithic processing of a layered flexible robotic actuator film for simple film microrobot fabrication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyi Zhang ◽  
Joseph Wang ◽  
Kenshi Hayashi ◽  
Fumihiro Sassa
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Durability Test ◽  
Electrical Circuits ◽  
Multiple Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cmos Compatible ◽  
Simple Film

Abstract Low-invasive soft robotic techniques can potentially be used for developing next-generation body–machine interfaces. Most soft robots require complicated fabrication processes involving 3D printing and bonding/assembling. In this letter, we describe a monolithic soft microrobot fabrication process for the mass production of soft film robots with a complex structure by simple 2D processing of a robotic actuator film. The 45 μg/mm^2 lightweight film robot can be driven at a voltage of CMOS compatible 5 V with 0.15 mm^-1 large curvature changes; it can generate a force 5.7 times greater than its self-weight. In a durability test, actuation could be carried out over 8000 times without degradation. To further demonstrate this technique, three types of film robots with multiple degrees of freedom and moving illuminator robot were fabricated. This technique can easily integrate various electrical circuits developed in the past to robotic systems and can be used for developing advanced wearable sensing devices; It can be called “Kinetic electronics.”

Rubber Heat Engines, Analyses and Theory

1979 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Farris
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Thermodynamic Behavior ◽  
The Past ◽  
Heat Engines ◽  
Pressure Steam ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Power Densities

Abstract It has long been known that elastomeric solids could be used as the working “fluid” in engines designed to convert heat into mechanical work. In the past rubber heat engine cycles were not given serious consideration since energy alternatives were not in demand and the majority of the scientific community is unaware of their gas-like thermodynamic behavior. Consequently, past work has dealt with the subject primarily as a novelty or as a demonstrative proof of thermodynamic behavior. This paper provides an idealized mechanical and thermodynamic analysis of the rubber cycle and compares it to an equivalent cycle wherein a gas is the working fluid. Experimental data on a small rubber fiber engine are included which confirms the high power potential of these engines when they are designed using modern elastomeric fibers. These materials have remarkable properties and can respond rapidly to cyclic thermal disturbances. Power densities of roughly one watt/g of rubber have been attained using only a 30°C difference between the heat source and heat sink. Engine speeds well over 1000 rpm have also been attained when atmospheric pressure steam was used as the heat source. The analyses demonstrate that elastomers are ideally suited for energy conversion when only small temperature differences are available.

Symptom Expression in Natural and Experimental Rhinovirus Colds

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhir S. Rao ◽  
J. Owen Hendley ◽  
Frederick G. Hayden ◽  
Jack M. Gwaltney
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Past ◽  
Symptom Frequency

For the past 3 decades, rhinovirus grown in cell culture and used to induce experimental infections has been assumed to produce illness comparable to natural rhinovirus illness. However, no studies have been conducted to compare the characteristics of these two illnesses. We have used two data bases, one from natural colds of proven rhinovirus etiology and one for experimental rhinovirus colds, to compare symptom occurrence. The natural cold data set contained prospectively collected data for the frequency of occurrence of symptoms for 139 insurance employees with natural rhinovirus colds. The experimental colds data base was obtained from 10 separate volunteer studies involving a total of 125 subjects who had a rhinovirus inoculation into the nose. Daily symptom frequency for the natural and experimental illnesses found that the symptoms of nasal obstruction and malaise occurred significantly more often on illness days 1–5 during experimental colds. Also, significant differences were found for days 1–4 for feverishness/fever, days 1–3 for nasal discharge, days 1–2 for sneezing, days 3–5 for sore throat, and day 1 for cough. Some of the latter symptoms occurred more frequently with experimental and some with natural infection. In general, the illnesses associated with the two types of infection were more similar than they were different.

scholarly journals Insurrección Y Muerte.

Xihmai ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anayetzy Yuriria Marí­n Espinoza [1] ◽  
Guillermo Carrera Garcí­a [2]
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Jose Revueltas ◽  
The Face

ResumenEste trabajo trata de hacer un balance de la obra de José Revueltas. Se centra principalmente en la muerte y cómo se concibe desde un relato cuya base principal es el clima trágico que viven unos campesinos ante un intento de diluvio. Realmente se abordará desde el análisis del estilo y a la vez se relaciona con la temática, el contexto y la memoria. En El luto humano la muerte es el hilo que conduce. Revueltas crea, en esta novela, una estructura compleja del tiempo, un cruce entre el pasado y el presente a partir del presente de cada personaje que indudablemente apelan a la memoria.Palabras clave: José Revueltas, Muerte, Memoria, Relato. AbstractThis work tries to take stock of the work of José Revueltas. It focuses mainly on death and how it is conceived from a story whose main base is the tragic climate that peasants live in the face of a flood attempt. It will really be approached from the analysis of the style, and at the same time it is related to the theme, context and memory. In this story death is the thread that leads. Revueltas creates, in El luto humano, a complex structure of time, a cross between the past and the present from the present of each character that undoubtedly appeal to memory.Keywords: José Revueltas, Death, Memory, Story. [1] Maestra en Literatura Mexicana.Docente en la BUAP y la UDLAP.[2] Doctor en Ciencias del Lenguaje.Docente en la BUAP.

scholarly journals Biomaterials for Three-Dimensional Cell Culture: From Applications in Oncology to Nanotechnology

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Tarek Saydé ◽  
Omar El Hamoui ◽  
Bruno Alies ◽  
Karen Gaudin ◽  
Gaëtane Lespes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Supramolecular Assembly ◽  
Hydrogel Scaffold ◽  
Scale Characterization ◽  
Dimensional Cell

Three-dimensional cell culture has revolutionized cellular biology research and opened the door to novel discoveries in terms of cellular behavior and response to microenvironment stimuli. Different types of 3D culture exist today, including hydrogel scaffold-based models, which possess a complex structure mimicking the extracellular matrix. These hydrogels can be made of polymers (natural or synthetic) or low-molecular weight gelators that, via the supramolecular assembly of molecules, allow the production of a reproducible hydrogel with tunable mechanical properties. When cancer cells are grown in this type of hydrogel, they develop into multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS). Three-dimensional (3D) cancer culture combined with a complex microenvironment that consists of a platform to study tumor development and also to assess the toxicity of physico-chemical entities such as ions, molecules or particles. With the emergence of nanoparticles of different origins and natures, implementing a reproducible in vitro model that consists of a bio-indicator for nano-toxicity assays is inevitable. However, the maneuver process of such a bio-indicator requires the implementation of a repeatable system that undergoes an exhaustive follow-up. Hence, the biggest challenge in this matter is the reproducibility of the MCTS and the associated full-scale characterization of this system’s components.

Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Fabia Fricke ◽  
Dominik Buschmann ◽  
Michael W. Pfaffl
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Cell Culture Media ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Basic Biology

Research into extracellular vesicles (EVs) gained significant traction in the past decade and EVs have been investigated in a wide variety of studies ranging from basic biology to diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Since EVs are secreted by most, if not all, eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, they have been detected in body fluids as diverse as blood, urine and saliva as well as in cell culture media. In this chapter, we will provide an overview of EV isolation and characterization strategies and highlight their advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals Current Treatment Options for Intervertebral Disc Pathologies

Cartilage ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Eisenstein ◽  
Birender Balain ◽  
Sally Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Cartilage Endplate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research World

The complex structure of the intervertebral disc within the spine is well suited to its mechanical function. However, it is also prone to degeneration, which is associated with various clinical symptoms and conditions, ranging from disc herniation to back pain to spinal stenosis. Most patients’ conditions are managed conservatively but a small proportion progress to having surgery. This may be decompression (to remove tissue such as the disc, bone, or hypertrophic ligaments impinging on nerves) or fusion of the normally mobile intervertebral joint to immobilize it and so reduce pain. These used to involve fairly major surgical procedures, but in the past decade there has been much progress to make the surgery more refined and less invasive, for example using endoscopic approaches. Simultaneously, the research world has been studying and developing tissue engineering and cellular techniques for attempting to regenerate the intervertebral disc, whether simply the central nucleus pulposus or a complete intricate assembly to replicate the native structure of this and the surrounding annulus fibrosus, cartilage endplate, and bone. To date, none of the complex entities have been trialed, while cellular approaches are easier to utilize, have progressed to clinical trials, and may offer a better solution.

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