scholarly journals Diversity pattern of habitats of Macrophytes in Keibul Lamjao National Park (KLNP), a floating mat (Phumdi) environment of Loktak Lake, Manipur, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maibam Haripriya Devi ◽  
Potsangbam Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
National Park ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Zizania Latifolia ◽  
Diversity Pattern ◽  
Loktak Lake ◽  
Dominant Plant Species ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Floating Mat

Keibul Lamjao National Park (KLNP), Loktak lake Manipur, north-east India which is one of the 25 Ramsar sites of international importance and the biggest fresh water Lake in India. Macrophytes of the floating Phumdi mat environment of KLNP play an important role in the aquatic environment. An investigation was planned during the period of about three years from March, 2010 to December 2012, to study the diversity pattern of habitats of macrophytes available in six study sites of KLNP viz., 1.Kumbi, 2.Khordak, 3.Keibul, 4.Toya, 5. Nongmaikhong and 6. Sargam. All total 85 dominant plant species were recorded. Maximum plant species (49) was observed in Site-1 Kumbi (Altitude-780m) and minimum (27) in Site-3 Keibul (Altitude-772). The variation of plant species may be because of the slight variation of altitude. As the six study sites are distributed as floating aquatic environment in KLNP Loktak Lake, there is favourable place of the plants in higher altitude and altitude represents a complex gradient along which many environmental variables change concomitantly. In all the six study sites, common distribution of ten dominant plant macrophytes viz., Ageratum conizoides, Hedychium coronarium, Leersia hexandra, Oenanthe javanica, Phragmites karka, Polygonum sagittatum, Saccharum munja, Thelypteris interrupta and Zizania latifolia was noticed. Individual dominant plant was recorded in other sites also viz., Azola piñata in site-6; Xanthium atrumarium, Polygonum orientale, Dichrocephala latifolia and Cymbopogon citratus in site-2; Arundo plinii, Cuscuta reflexa, Gnaphalium luteo-album, Hydrilla verticillata, Marsilia minuta, Saccolepis interrupta, Selvenia cuculata and Utricularia spp. in site-1. Variation of IVI value of dominant plant species was observed in this study. Even though 85 dominant plants were selected for all the 6 sites, however, maximum plant richness expressed in IVI was recorded in case of Zizania latifolia (Site-5, IVI-87.5) and minimum IVI in case of Xanthium strumarium (Site-2, IVI-1.13). The diversity pattern and habitats of macrophytes in KLNP Phumdi environment might be due to water availability along the altitudinal gradient and other environmental factors suited in the study sites and expected to be an important factor affecting the survival and fecundity of plant population. We need to conserve the natural habitat of KLNP thereby maintaining the luxuriant growth of the seasonal and perennial, macrophytes, so as to maintain the natural flora and fauna of the park. These plants are the food of man and animal therefore, it needs a proper care and attention to protect them from over exploitation. Considering the diversity pattern of habitats of Macrophytes in KLNP, a floating mat Phumdi environment with high floral diversity and unique vegetation assemblage, it has been suggested that this track and adjoining sites should be declared as ecologically sensitive area not only the World Heritage Site.

Effect of summer livestock grazing on plant species richness and composition in the Himalayan rangelands

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Aryal ◽  
Geoff Cockfield ◽  
Tek Narayan Maraseni
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Study Sites

Grazing systems in the high Himalayas are changing in response to socioeconomic factors and policy decisions. As well as effects on livelihood of herders, such changes may have significant impacts on plant species richness and composition. The objectives of this study were to explore how plant species richness and composition respond to livestock grazing in the high Himalayan rangelands. The study was conducted in three mountainous Protected Areas of Nepal viz. Sagarmatha (Mt Everest) National Park, Gaurishankar Conservation Area and Khaptad National Park. Species and environmental data were collected along perpendicular transects outwards from goths (semi-permanent stopping and camping points). It was found that the distance from goths generally represents a grazing disturbance gradient. The core areas near goths had low species richness per plot (α-diversity) where nitrophilous and grazing-tolerant species were commonly found. However, the highest species richness, total numbers of species and occurrences of rare species at mid- and farther distances from goths within 800 m suggest that negative effects of summer livestock grazing were small and confined to limited areas near goths. Altitude, soil moisture content, percentage shrub cover and distance from goths were the variables significantly correlated with species composition, although the relative importance of these factors varied across study sites. This research can be used to inform decision-making about seasonal livestock grazing in the Himalayan rangelands, which should incorporate both ecological as well as socioeconomic considerations.

scholarly journals Present state and changes that occur within plant communities growing on the floating mat that surrounds the Moszne lake (Polesie National Park)

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Anna Zagórowicz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Present State ◽  
National Park ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Floating Mat

AbstractThe first recordings of flora and vegetation in the surroundings of the Moszne lake (Polesie National Park) started from 1960. In 1980s the water conditions in this area changed and affected the organisms that lived there. The aim of this research was to recognize the present state and changes that occurred within flora and vegetation in the course of 18 years (1995–2013). In 2013, at the beginning of June, 34 phytosociological relevés were made on the floating mat that surrounds the Moszne lake in the same locations as they were done in 1995. The obtained data was collated with figures from the literature by comparing the frequency of plant species and plant communities, average plant species coverage and by calculating Sørensen indexes. The results showed that almost the same plant communities were identified in both terms of research. It was found that 35% of the plant species had disappeared after 18 years and that the biggest increase in percentage coverage was noted in case of Phragmites australis and Sphagnum fallax. Those findings show that it is very difficult and sometimes even impossible to reverse the negative influence of water condition change on bogs.

scholarly journals Floral Lists from Five Study Sites of Apes in the African Tropical Forests. List of Plant Species Identified in Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Zaire.

Tropics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takakazu YUMOTO ◽  
Juichi YAMAGIWA ◽  
Ndunda MWANZA ◽  
Tamaki MARUHASHI
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Study Sites

Floristic diversity in Valley of Flowers National Park, Indian Himalayas

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 379 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
MONIKA BISHT ◽  
K. CHANDRA SEKAR ◽  
RAJNI KANT ◽  
KUMAR AMBRISH ◽  
PARAMJIT SINGH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Indian Himalayan Region ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Cuscuta Europaea ◽  
Threat Categories ◽  
First Time ◽  
Indian Himalayas

Floristic diversity of Valley of Flowers National Park, Uttarakhand, a world heritage site in Indian Himalayan Region has been documented. A total of 614 taxa (609 species, 3 subspecies and 2 varieties) belonging to 277 genera and 70 families have been recorded. Among these, 31 plant species are under different threat categories, 05 endemic and one plant namely Cuscuta europaea recorded as invasive. The paper, for the first time, records 72 plant species as additions to flora of Valley of Flowers National Park. Importance of floristic diversity and conservation needs are also discussed.

scholarly journals Chemotaxonomic patterns of vegetation and soils along altitudinal transects of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia, and implications for paleovegetation reconstructions – Part 1: stable isotopes and sugar biomarkers

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betelhem Mekonnen ◽  
Wolfgang Zech ◽  
Bruno Glaser ◽  
Bruk Lemma ◽  
Tobias Bromm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
N Cycle ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Dominant Plant Species ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract. Today, on the Sanetti Plateau in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia, only fragmented patches of Erica species can be found at high altitudes (between 3900 and 4200 m a.s.l.). However, it is hypothesized that during the later part of the last glacial period and the early Holocene the plateau was extensively covered by Erica shrubs. Furthermore, it is assumed that the vegetation was later heavily destroyed by human-induced fire and/or climate change phenomena. The objective of this study is to contribute to paleovegetation reconstructions of the Sanetti Plateau by evaluating the potential of stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and sugar biomarkers for distinguishing the dominant plant species, including Erica, and the soils below the plants. In a companion paper (Lemma et al., 2019a) we address the same issue by evaluating lignin-derived phenols and leaf-wax-derived n-alkane biomarkers. The stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values of the plant samples range from −27.5  ‰ to −23.9  ‰ and −4.8  ‰ to 5.1  ‰, respectively. We found no significant δ13C and δ15N differences between the dominant plant species. Mineral topsoils (Ah horizons) yielded more positive values than plant samples and organic layers (O layers), which reflects mineralization processes. Moreover, the δ15N values became generally more negative at higher altitudes. This likely indicates that the N cycle is more closed compared to lower altitudes. δ15N maxima around 4000 m a.s.l. point to fire-induced opening of the N cycle at the chosen study sites. Erica species yielded the lowest overall total sugar concentration (ranging from 58 to 118 mg g−1), dominated by galactose (G) and mannose (M). By contrast, Festuca species revealed much higher total sugar concentrations ranging from 104 to 253 mg g−1, dominated by the pentose sugars arabinose (A) and xylose (X). Although a differentiation between Erica versus Festuca, Alchemilla and Helichrysum is possible based on (G + M) ∕ (A + X) ratios, Erica cannot be unambiguously distinguished from all other plant species occurring on the Sanetti Plateau. In addition, plant-characteristic (G + M) ∕ (A + X) sugar patterns change during soil organic matter formation in the Ah horizons. This can be likely attributed to degradation effects and soil microbial build-up of galactose and mannose. In conclusion, soil degradation processes seem to render sugar biomarker proxies unusable for the reconstruction of the past extent of Erica on the Sanetti Plateau, Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. This finding is of relevance beyond our case study.

Fauna of Protected Areas - 30: New additions to the ichthyofauna of Keoladeo National Park, a world heritage site in India

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 2848-2852 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Anjan Kumar Prusty ◽  
Rachna Chandra ◽  
P.A. Azeez ◽  
L.L. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Keoladeo National Park

scholarly journals The Wadden Sea as a National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site: Students’ Word Associations with These Two Conservation Designations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8006
Author(s):  
Till Schmäing ◽  
Norbert Grotjohann
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Word Associations ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Significant Difference

The Wadden Sea ecosystem is unique in many respects from a biological perspective. This is one reason why it is protected by national parks in Germany and by its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In biology didactics, there are only a few studies that focus on the Wadden Sea. This work investigates students’ word associations with the two stimulus words “national park” and “UNESCO World Heritage Site”. The survey was conducted among students living directly at the Wadden Sea and among students from the inland. The analysis of the identified associations (n = 8345) was carried out within the framework of a quantitative content analysis to be able to present and discuss the results on a group level. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. Overall, results showed that the students made subject-related associations as well as a large number of associations to both stimulus words that could be judged as non-subject-related. In some cases, a connection with the region of residence could be found, but this was not generally the case. Even students’ immediate residential proximity to the Wadden Sea is no guarantee that they have knowledge of the two considered protection terms.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic parameters of a sedge-grass marsh as a big-leaf: effect of plant species composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markéta Mejdová ◽  
Jiří Dušek ◽  
Lenka Foltýnová ◽  
Lenka Macálková ◽  
Hana Čížková
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Dominant Plant Species ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Carex Acuta ◽  
Leaf P

AbstractThe study estimates the parameters of the photosynthesis–irradiance relationship (PN/I) of a sedge-grass marsh (Czech Republic, Europe), represented as an active “green” surface—a hypothetical “big-leaf”. Photosynthetic parameters of the “big-leaf” are based on in situ measurements of the leaf PN/I curves of the dominant plant species. The non-rectangular hyperbola was selected as the best model for fitting the PN/I relationships. The plant species had different parameters of this relationship. The highest light-saturated rate of photosynthesis (Asat) was recorded for Glyceria maxima and Acorus calamus followed by Carex acuta and Phalaris arundinacea. The lowest Asat was recorded for Calamagrostis canescens. The parameters of the PN/I relationship were calculated also for different growth periods. The highest Asat was calculated for the spring period followed by the summer and autumn periods. The effect of the species composition of the local plant community on the photosynthetic parameters of the “big-leaf” was addressed by introducing both real (recorded) and hypothetical species compositions corresponding to “wet” and “dry” hydrological conditions. We can conclude that the species composition (or diversity) is essential for reaching a high Asat of the “big-leaf ”representing the sedge-grass marsh in different growth periods.

scholarly journals The distribution of woody species in relation to climate and fire in Yosemite National Park, California, USA

Fire Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan W. van Wagtendonk ◽  
Peggy E. Moore ◽  
Julie L. Yee ◽  
James A. Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
National Park ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Yosemite National Park ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Woody Plant Species

Abstract Background The effects of climate on plant species ranges are well appreciated, but the effects of other processes, such as fire, on plant species distribution are less well understood. We used a dataset of 561 plots 0.1 ha in size located throughout Yosemite National Park, in the Sierra Nevada of California, USA, to determine the joint effects of fire and climate on woody plant species. We analyzed the effect of climate (annual actual evapotranspiration [AET], climatic water deficit [Deficit]) and fire characteristics (occurrence [BURN] for all plots, fire return interval departure [FRID] for unburned plots, and severity of the most severe fire [dNBR]) on the distribution of woody plant species. Results Of 43 species that were present on at least two plots, 38 species occurred on five or more plots. Of those 38 species, models for the distribution of 13 species (34%) were significantly improved by including the variable for fire occurrence (BURN). Models for the distribution of 10 species (26%) were significantly improved by including FRID, and two species (5%) were improved by including dNBR. Species for which distribution models were improved by inclusion of fire variables included some of the most areally extensive woody plants. Species and ecological zones were aligned along an AET-Deficit gradient from cool and moist to hot and dry conditions. Conclusions In fire-frequent ecosystems, such as those in most of western North America, species distribution models were improved by including variables related to fire. Models for changing species distributions would also be improved by considering potential changes to the fire regime.

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