scholarly journals Discrimination against Women: Legal Provisions versus Social Reality

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Saini
Keyword(s):  
Indian Society ◽  
Selective Abortion ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sex Selective Abortion ◽  
Cultural Construct ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Government ◽  
Status Of Women

<p>In our society there is a deep rooted prejudice against women and they are considered as inferior beings. Women are, in general, discriminated against in every field like education, employment, property rights etc. They have to face this kind of discrimination from the time of their birth. The cultural construct of Indian society which reinforces gender bias against men and women, with varying degrees and variable contexts against the opposite sex, has led to the continuation of India’s strong preference for male children. Female infanticide, a sex-selective abortion, is adopted and strongly reflects the low status of Indian women. Education is not widely attained by Indian women. Discrimination against women has led to their lack of autonomy and authority.</p><p>So, the question before us is whether these legislations are sufficient to improve the status of women in our society. Or is it only the duty of the government to work towards the emancipation of women.</p>

scholarly journals INDIAN WOMEN STATUS: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

2019 ◽  
pp. 258-266
Author(s):  
G Paranthaman ◽  
S Santhi ◽  
R Radha ◽  
G Poornima Thilagam
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
High Status ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Status Of Women

Woman constitutes the key role in the Indian society. Women in ancient India enjoyed high status in society and their condition was good. The Ancient and medieval status of women in modern Indian society regarding Equality, Education, Marriage and Family life, Race and Gender, Religion and Culture is maintained or deteriorated. The Vedic women had economic freedom. Some women were engaged in teaching work. Home was the place of production. Spinning and weaving of clothes were done at home. Women also helped their husbands in agricultural pursuit. In the religious field, wife enjoyed full rights and regularly participated in religious ceremonies with her husband. Religious ceremonies and sacrifices were performed jointly by the husband and wife. Women even participated actively in religious discourses. The status of women improved a little during the Buddhist period though there was no tremendous change. The role of women in Ancient Indian Literature is immense. Ancient India had many learned ladies. The Medieval period (Period between 500 A.D to 1500 A.D) proved to be highly disappointing for the Indian women, for their status further deteriorated during this period. Through this study we come to the conclusion that as the women has equal participation in human development. She is half of the human race. But she lacks in society. Women are not treated with respect as in the Ancient Indian society. Lot of crime against women is seen in the modern society. The Constitutional provisions are not sufficient to get the respectable position in society. The paper will help us to imagine the participation of women in social, religious, economic and household matters from Ancient to Modern.

WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A ROAD AHEAD

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prachita Patil ◽  
Yogesh Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Educational Status ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Of Women

In today’s century, women are playing multitasking role and thus have become an important nutshell of global environment which is a necessity for economic development and social progress. In order to achieve equal rights, identity and position in society educated women have to go long way despite all traditional barriers for them in their respective fields. The variation of Social fabric in the Indian society in terms of varied inspirations and increased educational status of women for better living necessitated a change in lifestyle of Indian women. As women they have to face cut-throat competition with man in every prospect, a business is no longer for them indeed balancing both family and work life. The main purpose of this paper is to highlight the status of women entrepreneurs in India and also includes prospects and reasons which uplift them behind the women entrepreneurship. Another main purpose of this paper is to analyze policies of Indian government for women and also schemes adequately for the growth of women entrepreneurship. On the basis of this study, some suggestions are given to motivate and to enhance women to become a successful entrepreneur.

scholarly journals PRECONCEPTION AND PRENATAL DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES ACT 1994 AND ITS MAIN ROLE TO CURB SEX DETERMINATION AND SEX SELECTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Vaishali Waghmare ◽  
Hema Hema
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Sex Selection ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Selective Abortion ◽  
Prenatal Diagnostic ◽  
Sex Selective Abortion

India has a male dominated culture where women are treated like a commodity and slave. Our Indian society gives preference only to the Son not to female because of which girls' child is not heartily welcomed and discrimination against girl child still prevails. Sex selective abortion is one of major issue in recent era in relation to violence against women under which the Ultrasonography machine plays an important role of sex detection. Main  cause for sex selection are Patriarchal system, Dowry system, only son who can performs the last rites, lineage and inheritance runs through the male line, the Small family norms , PARAYADHAN, easy access to the Medical facilities and Technology for Sex Selective Abortion. Low literacy rate, low socio-economic condition of women etc. Sex selection and sex determination causes violence, impact on equilibrium of nature, Polyandry, Imbalance between Male-Female populations etc Maharashtra was first State to enact Maharashtra regulation of use of PNDT Act in 1987.  The PNDT Act was passed in 1994 Hon. Supreme Court passed an Interim judgment in 2001 for more strict implementation of Act based on PIL filed by CEHAT, MASUM and AdvSabu George PNDT Act amended in 2003 to Pre conception and Pre-natal Diagnostic Technique Act (PC-PNDT)  Applicable to all Govt/NGO/Private/corporate establishments . Main purpose of Act is to ban the use of sex selection techniques before and after conception and prevent the misuse of prenatal diagnostic techniques for sex selective abortion. Every offence under this Act is cognizable, non-bailable and non-compoundable (Sec 27). Act has made it mandatory to maintain records of every scan done. (Section 29 and Rule 9) Section 5 and Rule 10 (1A).Implementing Authority under the Act is Appropriate Authority (Section 17) has power to search, seize and seal clinics (Section 30). The Act prohibited  communication of sex of the foetus by words, signs or in any other manner (Section 5) , advertising sex determination test in any form are liable for punishment (Section 22) .Offence under this Act punishable with imprisonment of years which extend to 5 years and fine up to 10,000 which extend up to 50,000.

Women at Leadership Positions in Bangladesh Civil Service

2021 ◽  
pp. 2031-2041
Author(s):  
Fardaus Ara
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Leadership Position ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Status Of Women

This paper discusses the status of women in leadership position in the Bangladesh Civil Service (BCS) following content analysis. This study argues that although the number of women in the class I position in the civil service has increased, their position in terms of power and influence on decision-making is still insignificant. In particular, the number of women in the leadership position in the civil service does not reflect gender parity that the government of Bangladesh is committed to achieve.

Changing Mindsets: How China's Abnormal Sex Ratio Is Turning Its Government into a Champion of Gender Equality

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Ying Tan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Gender Attitudes ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Selective Abortion ◽  
Sex Selective Abortion ◽  
The Government

AbstractA combination of factors has led to an increasing imbalance in the sex ratio of China's population. China's sex ratio at birth is 119 boys per 100 girls, far above the global norm of 106. This paper will focus on the abnormal sex ratio as a consequence of traditional Chinese gender attitudes holding women inferior and subordinate to men, which have been brought to the fore by a combination of fertility decline and technological advancement. Accordingly, any solution to the demographic problem must address these prevalent, entrenched mind-sets. The government appears to realise that existing laws prohibiting sex-selective abortion and infanticide will fail to correct the sex ratio. This paper examines the trend in government responses towards efforts to address traditional gender attitudes and argues that the demographic crisis may have turned the Chinese government into an unlikely champion of gender equality.

The Womanpower Problem in Britain during the Second World War

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Women Studies ◽  
Winston Churchill ◽  
The Status ◽  
War Effort ◽  
The Government ◽  
Second World ◽  
Status Of Women

At the national women's conference convened by the government in September 1943 Winston Churchill assured the women delegates that the contribution to the war effort by British women had ‘definitely altered those social and sex balances which years of convention had established’. His belief that the war had brought about profound changes in the status of women was shared by contemporary authors attempting to evaluate the effect of the war on British women. Studies written near the end of the war by Margaret Goldsmith and Gertrude Williams refer to a wartime ‘revolution’ in the position of women. Both authors defined this revolution primarily in terms of the changed position of women workers.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGY OF RISK AND RETURN – PERSPECTIVES OF INDIAN WOMEN INVESTORS

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Dr. Veena .M
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
The Status ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Female Behaviour ◽  
Investment Behaviour

• Women are increasingly seen as active agents of change, the dynamic promoters of social transformations that can alter lives of both women and men. – Amarty Sen (Renowned Economist from India). The origin of the Indian idea of appropriate female Behaviour is described by Manu in 200 BC: as “by a young girl, by a young woman, or even by an aged one, nothing must be done independent, even in her own house”. Their role typically restricted only for cooking, childcare, laundry, cleaning and the collection of water, fuel and wood. Women are continued to be excluded in social, economic and political domains. In settings where socio cultural norms restrict women’s mobility, their interactions with members of the opposite sex and their ability to attend trainings or receive formal education, women’s access to information, institutions and markets is compromised. Despite this, major changes have occurred in the status of women in India. Today’s women are outpacing men in several areas and have high offices including that of the president, Prime Minister, Chief Ministers and Governors of the states. Surprisingly investing is one such area which still proves gender gap between men and women. However, few studies have been carried out on gender differences in investment behaviour and women investment behaviour, it was evidenced from those studies that women are more risk averse than men. This study is an attempt to understand the psychology of Indian women towards Risk –Return characteristics of various investment avenues. For the purpose of study 480 Women investors have been surveyed and comprehensive view on their perspectives towards risk – return characteristics have been presented in this paper.

Sri Lanka

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambika Satkunanathan
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Military Members ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
The Status ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
The Government ◽  
Status Of Women

Since the end of the armed conflict in Sri Lanka in 2009, the government has used national security concerns to legitimize ongoing human rights violations and an increasing militarized society. This chapter examines how this militarization impacts Sri Lankan women. It begins with an overview of the status of women during and after the conflict. It describes Sri Lankan militarization, including the physical presence of military members, military involvement in civil society and commercial activities, and military influence in the education system. The chapter explores the gendered impacts of such militarization, ranging from a fear of sexual violence to the weakening of community trust and political activity in light of extensive surveillance programs. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the various strategies used by women to survive and retain agency in this militarized context.

Economic Empowerment of Women in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
pp. 411-432
Author(s):  
Sofia Idris
Keyword(s):  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Economic Sphere ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Status Of Women

This chapter gives an account of the situation on the status of women in Pakistan. It studies the various steps taken by the Government of Pakistan to empower the women. It also studies the various ways to empower women in Pakistan. The chapter only studies the empowerment of women in economic sphere due to the limited time and resources of the author. Moreover, the chapter focuses on the problems of women to participate in economic affairs, the hindrances in achieving economic uplift/empowerment and equality of women in Pakistan and the existing laws and policies of the government regarding women's empowerment and their implementation. Furthermore, it gives a brief comparison of women's economic empowerment with the neighboring countries, India and Bangladesh as these countries have a similar institutional structure as Pakistan. It then seeks to learn from the successful examples of the countries mentioned regarding the matter.

Emancipating and Strengthening Indian Women: An Analysis of B. R. Ambedkar’s Contribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Runi Datta
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Social Reconstruction ◽  
Rational Thinking ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Of Women

A revolutionary figure, a pioneer of social justice and a true reformer, Dr B. R. Ambedkar’s role is significant in shaping the social, political and civic contours of India and fostering the advancement of the society in general and women in particular. His personal sufferings as a Dalit and his exposure to Western ideas and rational thinking built in him the confidence to challenge the orthodox Hindu social order and reconstruct the society along the ideas of equality, liberty, fraternity and respect for the dignity of all including the womenfolk. He held Manu responsible for all plight and agony of women. He also blamed the Hindu social order for assigning a stereotype role to women. He firmly believed that eradication of the iniquitous gender relations and elevating the status of women were the vital requirements of the process of social reconstruction that he aimed at. Therefore, he tirelessly fought for the inclusion of the rights of women in different spheres of life. He awakened in women the zeal to fight for social justice and their rights through his speeches, thoughts and reforms. His reformative measures came in the form of Hindu Code Bill to modernize the Hindu society which became unparalleled in its importance. Here is an attempt to develop an analytical framework to gauge his contribution as a fighter for women’s rights.

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