scholarly journals Epidemiological and Epizootic Situation on Plague in the Russian Federation and Forecast for Its Development for 2020–2025

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
N. V. Popov ◽  
G. A. Eroshenko ◽  
I. G. Karnaukhov ◽  
A. A. Kuznetsov ◽  
A. N. Matrosov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Active Natural ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Objective of the investigation was to assess epidemiological and epizootiological conditions in natural plague foci of the Russian Federation, neighboring states and foreign countries in 2019. Negative effect of the current climate warming on the state of parasitic systems of natural foci with circulation of plague microbe of the main subspecies, medieval biovar, phylogenetic branch 2.MED1 is emphasized. In 2019, local plague epizooties were registered in the territory of two (Gorno-Altai high-mountain and Tuva mountain) out of 11 natural plague foci of the Russian Federation. The total area of epizooty covered 2248.5 km2 . All in all, 31 cultures of Y. pestis of the main subspecies, antique biovar, phylogenetic branch 4.ANT and 5 cultures of Altai biovar, central-asian subspecies, phylogenetic branch 0.PE4a were isolated. The forecast for continuing tense epidemiological situation, both for 2020 and for 2021–2025, has been substantiated for natural foci with circulation of the main subspecies of antique biovar, phyologenetic branch 4.ANT: Gorno-Altai high-mountain and Tuva mountain ones. In the remaining nine natural foci in the territory of the Russian Federation epizootic manifestations of plague in 2020 are highly improbable. This prognosis is an indication to optimize the deployment of human and logistical resources of plague control institutions through concentrated preventive activities in the territories of epizootically active natural plague foci. Otlined is the necessity to put a new enhanced classification of Y. pestis into practice.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Situation on Plague in 2020. Forecast of Episootic Activity of Natural Plague Foci in the Russian Federation and Other CIS Countries for 2021

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
N. V. Popov ◽  
G. A. Eroshenko ◽  
I. G. Karnaukhov ◽  
A. A. Kuznetsov ◽  
A. N. Matrosov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The aim of the work was to substantiate the forecast of the epidemiological and epizootiological situation in natural foci of plague in the Russian Federation, countries of the near and far abroad for the year of 2021. Characteristics of the distribution of Yersinia pestis strains of the main subspecies (subspecies pestis) of medieval and antique biovars, Caucasian (ssp. caucasica) and central Asian (ssp. central asiatica) subspecies by 45 natural foci of the CIS countries are presented in the paper. The persistence of a multidirectional trend in the dynamics of epizootic activity of natural foci of the CIS countries with the circulation of Y. pestis pestis strains of the medieval biovar of the 2.MED1 phylogenetic branch and the antique biovar of the 0.ANT5, 4.ANT phylogenetic branches in the current decade has been outlined. For the Russian Federation, the development of epizootics is predicted in the Gorno-Altai highland and Tuva mountain natural foci caused by the circulation of Y. pestis pestis strains of the antique biovar 4.ANT and Y. pestis of the Altai biovar of the Central Asian subspecies 0.PE4a in 2021. For the Republic of Kazakhstan, there is a high probability of preserving epizootic activity in the North Aral, Aral-Karakum, Balkhash, Mojynkum, Taukum desert and Ili intermountain natural foci with the circulation of Y. pestis pestis strains of the medieval biovar of the phylogenetic branch 2.MED1. For the Kyrgyz Republic, the forecast for the development of plague epizootics caused by Y. pestis pestis strains of the antique biovar 0.ANT5 phylogenetic branch in the Sarydzhaz and Upper Naryn high-mountain natural foci has been substantiated. A high epidemic risk of epizootic manifestations caused by highly virulent strains of Y. pestis pestis of antique biovars 0.ANT5, 4.ANT and medieval biovar 2.MED1 for the entire territory of the CIS countries is noted. The relevance of implementing forecasts of the epidemiological situation into practice, taking into account the molecular-genetic and epidemiological characteristics of Y. pestis strains circulating in areas of expected epizootic manifestations of plague, is highlighted.

scholarly journals Features of the Epidemiological Situation on Siberian Tick Typhus and other Tick-Borne Ricketsioses in the Russian Federation, Prognosis for 2019

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Rudakov ◽  
S. N. Shpynov ◽  
D. V. Trankvilevsky ◽  
N. D. Pakskina ◽  
D. A. Savel’ev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Far East ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Very High ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The review presents an analysis of the epidemic situation on infections of rickettsial etiology, the causative agents of which are transmitted by Ixodidae ticks in the territory of the Russian Federation. The data obtained through molecular-biological verification allow to unite under the name of “tick-borne ricketsioses” a group of infections caused by R. sibirica subsp. sibirica, R. conorii, R. heilongjiangensis and other species of rickettsiae circulating in natural foci of various regions of Russia. Cases of tick-borne rickettsioses in Siberia and the Far East, caused by various species of rickettsiae, are registered under the name of “Siberian tick-borne typhus” due to the lack of available methods of differential laboratory diagnostics. The paper presents the assessment of the incidence of Siberian tick-borne typhus, indicating not only the varying degrees of epidemic hazard of endemic regions, but also changes in the distribution of risk areas, including the identification of new, epidemically significant foci. In accordance with the risk-oriented approach to prophylaxis, forecasting of epidemic situation on tick-borne rickettsioses was given and differentiation of the endemic territories of the Russian Federation as regards Siberian tick-borne typhus was carried out with distinguishing of epidemiological zones of low, medium, above average, high and very high risk of population infection.

scholarly journals Review of the Epidemiological Situation on Ixodic Tick-Borne Borreliosis in the Russian Federation in 2010–2020 and Prognosis for 2021

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
S. A. Rudakova ◽  
N. A. Pen’evskaya ◽  
A. I. Blokh ◽  
N. V. Rudakov ◽  
D. V. Trankvilevsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Objective was to analyze the epidemiological situation on Ixodidae tick-borne borreliosis (ITBB) in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the dynamics over the period of 2010–2020, taking into account the features of the year 2020, associated with the spread of COVID-19, and to forecast the development of the epidemic process for 2021. In 2020, 4180 cases of ITBB were registered in the Russian Federation, which is 1.93 times less than in 2019 and 1.73 times less than the long-term average annual figure for the previous 10 years. A significant decrease was noted in all federal districts (FD), with the exception of the Central FD, where more than half of all cases occurred. Compared to 2019, 75 out of 78 subjects experienced a decrease in the incidence rate in 2020, while in 56 entities that decrease was statistically significant. The multiplicity of the decrease in the incidence of ITBB in 2020 for all FD was significantly greater than the multiplicity of the decrease in the frequency of contacts of the population with ticks. Infection of Ixodidae ticks of various species with borrelia in natural foci in 2020 was statistically significantly higher than in 2019. Probably, the decrease in the registered incidence of ITBB against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic is due not only to a decrease in the intensity of contacts of the population with natural foci, but also to a sharp redistribution of the volume of inpatient and outpatient medical care in favor of COVID-19 patients. Given the high degree of significance of the identified trends in the dynamics of the epidemic ITBB process during 2010–2020, there is reason to expect an increase in the incidence in the Bryansk, Voronezh, Ryazan, Tula and Saratov regions in 2021, which requires special attention in terms of strengthening preventive measures and monitoring of the activity and structure of natural foci. In the rest of the entities of the Russian Federation, provided that the volumes of preventive measures are maintained on the same level and in the absence of abnormal natural and climatic phenomena, preservation or a slight reduction in the incidence of ITBB is likely to occur in the short term. At the same time, despite the tense situation regarding the new coronavirus infection, there is an obvious need to draw close attention to the problems of diagnosis and prevention of natural focal infections.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS IN THE ORGANIZATION OF EPIDEMIC SURVEILLANCE OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN A SUBJECT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-48
Author(s):  
A. A. Nafeyev
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Active Natural

This paper characterizes the epidemic process of leptospirosis. The current new herd infections are typified by: 1) the formation of new natural foci under anthropogenic and climatic factors; 2) the change in the biocenotic structure of natural foci; 3) the formation of natural foci of mixed infectious diseases of bacterial and virus etiology; 4) the change in the epidemic potential of natural foci; 5) synathropization of infectious diseases. Few or no registered leptospirosis cases in some silent areas are frequently attributable to poor differential, including laboratory, diagnosis. The epidemic process is characterized in terms of the active natural focus of leptospirosis in a long-term period.

Comparative analysis of measures of legislative regulation of public safety in the conditions of a special epidemiological situation caused by the spread of coronavirus infection in the Russian Federation and in foreign countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Zubkova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Legislative Regulation ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of measures of legislative regulation of the safety of the population in a special epidemiological situation caused by the spread of coronavirus infection in the Russian Federation and in foreign countries. The author conducts a comparative study not only in the context of specific regulatory legal acts adopted in a designated period of time, but also in entire branches of legislation, within which the corresponding regulatory requirements were introduced. In conclusion, the author draws conclusions corresponding to the study.

scholarly journals USA AND WESTERN EUROPEAN SANCTIONS POLICY WITH RESPECT TO RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
I. Aksenov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Balance

The implementation of the sanctions policy of the United States and Western Europe in relation to the Russian Federation has been analyzed. The objectives of the USA and European Union sanctions policies have been identified. The study has been based on the principles of a three-level classification of sanctions aimed at destabilizing the economy of the Russian Federation. Sectors of the economy and companies have been identified, that, have become objects of sanctions policy and have suffered more from USA and European Union sanctions. The role of sanctions as a toolkit, which can influence the political and economic balance of power in the world, has been defined. The opinion of representatives of business of foreign countries on the formation of anti-Russian sanctions has been reflected within the article. The features of the implementation of the sanctions policy in the digital block and cyberspace have been noted.

scholarly journals Regional projection of the growth pole theory: foreign and Russian experience

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
Alexander Leontyev ◽  
Natalya Valerevna Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Growth Pole ◽  
Regional Projection ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Pole Theory

In the modern context, each country is interested in the new sources of economic growth. The authors believe that the source of economic growth can lie in the spatial factors of regional development – the so-called “growth poles”. This article discusses the Russian and foreign experience of using the growth poles to accelerate regional development. The subject of this research is the spatial-economic processes that take place in terms of implementation of the “growth pole” strategy in Russian and foreign practices. The object of this research is regions of the Russian Federation and regions of the foreign countries, in the territory of which the practice of “growth poles” development was implemented. The goal of this article is to present the regional projection of scientific foundation of growth pole theory relying on the works of leading scholars, as well as advanced national and foreign experience. The author’s special contribution consists in generalization of information pertaining to the use of the “growth pole” concept in the relevant strategic planning documents. The novelty lies in the hypothesis on classification of growth poles in Russian practice, the number of growth poles in the territory of the Russian Federation. The acquired results allow assessing the Russian and foreign experience in implementation of the growth pole theory, determining the factors and conditions for achieving the goals and objectives of the strategies of polarized regional development in the Russian Federation and foreign countries.

scholarly journals Leptospirosis in the Republic of Tatarstan. Epidemiological Features

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
T. A. Savitskaya ◽  
V. A. Trifonov ◽  
I. V. Milova ◽  
G. Sh. Isaeva ◽  
I. D. Reshetnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Monitoring Point ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The study presents a characteristic of the current epidemiological situation on leptospirosis in the Republic of Tatarstan, investigation of the circulation of leptospirosis agents among the population of small mammals, and the species composition of Leptospira that caused diseases in humans.Materials and methods. The paper contains the data on the incidence of leptospirosis among the population in the Russian Federation (RF) for the period between 2000 and 2018, in the Republic of Tatarstan – since 1998, submitted by the Rospotrebnadzor Administrations in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, materials of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan and the Main Veterinary Administration of the Republic of Tatarstan.Results and discussion. We have carried out the analysis of the epidemiological situation in the Republic of Tatarstan for the period of 1998–2018, by the administrative territories of the republic. The incidence of human leptospirosis caused by various leptospira serogroups has been assessed. In total, 112 people got infected with leptospirosis during the analyzed period. Also the data of epizootiological survey of small mammals inhabiting the natural foci of leptospirosis in the republic are presented. Laboratory tests of 1565 samples from mouse-like rodents for the presence of leptospirosis pathogens have been performed. 1.9 % of the tests gave a positive result. Dominant in the Republic of Tatarstan are the serogroups of Leptospira – Leptospira grippotyphosa and L. hebdomadis. The results of laboratory studies on the carriage of leptospira among small mammals and contamination of environmental objects indicate the circulation of pathogens of leptospirosis in the population of small mammals, habitant in forest shrub, near-water and meadow field stations of the republic. The red vole prevails in this community, the average index of its dominance is 66.7 %. Epizootiological monitoring point to a latent epizootic process in the community of mouse-like rodents.

scholarly journals Epizootiological and Epidemiological Situation in Tularemia Natural Foci in the Territory of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation from 1992 to 2011

2012 ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Popov ◽  
D. S. Orlov ◽  
V. E. Bezsmertny
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
District Population ◽  
Central Federal District ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Outlined is a brief characteristics on epizootic and epidemic activity of tularemia natural foci in the territory of the Central Federal district of the Russian Federation over a period of 1992–2012. Implementation of GIS-technologies has made it possible to design retrospective map of the sites of the district population infectioning in 2005, and to distinguish the regions that are of a great epidemic significance.

scholarly journals BARRIERS OF EXTERNAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES TO RUSSIAN NON-COMMODITY EXPORTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
E. A. Amiraslanova ◽  
N. Yu. Barkova ◽  
T. O. Shpunt
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Double Taxation ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Correct Execution ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The non-commodity exports development issues from the Russian Federation to foreign countries have been considered. The main barriers, constraining the development of non-commodity exports have been analyzed. Also the classification of such “barriers of ignorance” has been developed and the measures, allowing to reduce the impact of these barriers have been proposed: creation of an electronic commercial site; creation of multifunctional centers, in which certification and licensing procedures would be carried out, customs and tax сonsultancy to potential exporters, advice and assistance in obtaining the necessary permission documentation in foreign countries; сounselling on the correct execution of foreign economic contracts to avoid double taxation and transfer pricing and other measures.

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