scholarly journals EFFECT OF WATER SALINITY ON TISSUE MINERALISATION IN PENAEUS VANNAMEI (BOONE, 1931)

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jannathulla ◽  
J. Syama Dayal ◽  
K. Ambasankar ◽  
V. Chitra ◽  
M. Muralidhr
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Saline Environment ◽  
Significant Difference

A 45-days indoor laboratory trial was performed with juveniles of Penaeus vannamei (3.11±0.64 g) to evaluate the effect of salinity on mineral contents in different tissues. Juveniles of P. vannamei were acclimatised to different salinity levels of 3, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60‰, using sea salt or freshwater at the rate of 2‰ per day from the original salinity. A total of 45 pre-acclimatised shrimps were taken for each treatment with three replications. At the end of the experimental period, shrimps were dissected to remove hepatopancreas, muscle and exoskeleton after collecting haemolymph; which were subjected to mineral analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Calcium deposition was reduced by 55 and 40% in muscle and exoskeleton, respectively, whereas it increased by 142% in hepatopancreas of shrimp reared in 60‰ compared to 20‰ salinity. Magnesium and sodium content increased with increasing salinity in all the tissues except in muscle. Of all the macro elements, phosphorus (7.66 to 9.17 g kg-1) was high in muscle and calcium was predominant in exoskeleton (44.30 to 79.98 g kg-1) while sodium dominated in haemolymph (159.34-327.73 mmol l-1) compared to other elements. Shrimps reared in various salinities did not show significant difference in nutritional value in terms of mineral content in muscle. Results indicated that P. vannamei is a very efficient osmoregulator in low saline environment, in particular at 10 to 30‰ compared to the extreme high saline environment (60‰).

scholarly journals Iron Redistribution Upon Thermokarst Processes in the Yedoma Domain

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Monhonval ◽  
Jens Strauss ◽  
Elisabeth Mauclet ◽  
Catherine Hirst ◽  
Nathan Bemelmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Amorphous Oxides ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Lake Formation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Flooding Events

Ice-rich permafrost has been subject to abrupt thaw and thermokarst formation in the past and is vulnerable to current global warming. The ice-rich permafrost domain includes Yedoma sediments that have never thawed since deposition during the late Pleistocene and Alas sediments that were formed by previous thermokarst processes during the Lateglacial and Holocene warming. Permafrost thaw unlocks organic carbon (OC) and minerals from these deposits and exposes OC to mineralization. A portion of the OC can be associated with iron (Fe), a redox-sensitive element acting as a trap for OC. Post-depositional thaw processes may have induced changes in redox conditions in these deposits and thereby affected Fe distribution and interactions between OC and Fe, with knock-on effects on the role that Fe plays in mediating present day OC mineralization. To test this hypothesis, we measured Fe concentrations and proportion of Fe oxides and Fe complexed with OC in unthawed Yedoma and previously thawed Alas deposits. Total Fe concentrations were determined on 1,292 sediment samples from the Yedoma domain using portable X-ray fluorescence; these concentrations were corrected for trueness using a calibration based on a subset of 144 samples measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry after alkaline fusion (R2 = 0.95). The total Fe concentration is stable with depth in Yedoma deposits, but we observe a depletion or accumulation of total Fe in Alas deposits, which experienced previous thaw and/or flooding events. Selective Fe extractions targeting reactive forms of Fe on unthawed and previously thawed deposits highlight that about 25% of the total Fe is present as reactive species, either as crystalline or amorphous oxides, or complexed with OC, with no significant difference in proportions of reactive Fe between Yedoma and Alas deposits. These results suggest that redox driven processes during past thermokarst formation impact the present-day distribution of total Fe, and thereby the total amount of reactive Fe in Alas versus Yedoma deposits. This study highlights that ongoing thermokarst lake formation and drainage dynamics in the Arctic influences reactive Fe distribution and thereby interactions between Fe and OC, OC mineralization rates, and greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals ICP/XRF Analysis for Trace Elements in Soil Samples from Gezira and Suki Schemes, Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Marwa M Adam ◽  
Mustafa M Osman ◽  
Ahmed Salih Elhag ◽  
Mohamed A Elsheikh
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

In the present study, soil samples have been collected from two different agriculture areas: Gezira and Suki schemes in Sudan, The elemental concentrations for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb have been determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The accuracy of measurements has been investigated by using ISE (PT) 1&4 and fortified samples for ICP, IAEA-Soil-7 XRF, respectively. A good agreement was found between certified and measured values. The average elemental concentrations by ICP of these elements Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb in loc1 were found as follows: 84.7, 48.15, 33.5, 65.43, and 12.57 ppm, respectively. While the results obtained in loc2 were found as follows: 105, 65.1, 41.3, 55.4, and 12.74 ppm, respectively. The average elemental concentrations by XRF of these elements Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb in loc1 were found as follows: 77.21, 43.72, 27.62, 86.96, and 18.74 ppm, respectively. While the results obtained in loc2 were found as follows: 123.33, 57.41, 35.99, 98.85, and 16.43 ppm, respectively. A statistical test (t-test) was applied to the data of both methods without any significant difference between the two techniques. The results obtained were compared to WHO permissible limits. Correlations between different elements were performed. Hierarchical cluster analysis was done for the data. The average elemental concentrations were calculated and compared with data from the literature. 

scholarly journals Differences in the Detailed Milk Mineral Composition of Italian Local and Saanen Goat Breeds

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Currò ◽  
Massimo De Marchi ◽  
Salvatore Claps ◽  
Angela Salzano ◽  
Pasquale De Palo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Mixed Linear Model ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Saanen Goat

Very little information about local breed goat milk is available, which is relevant for biodiversity preservation and local cheese production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of breed and week of lactation on milk mineral profile of five Italian local breeds (Garganica, Girgentana, Jonica, Maltese and Mediterranean Red) and a cosmopolitan breed (Saanen). Sixty goats (10 per breed) from an experimental farm were enrolled in the study and sampled every 2 weeks for milk gross composition analysis. In addition, an individual milk sample was collected monthly from 42 goats (seven goats per breed) for mineral determination through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Data were analysed using a mixed linear model with repeated measures, including breed and week of lactation as fixed effects. Week of lactation affected mineral contents, except for B, being lower in early than late lactation, whereas, breed affected only P, Mg and Zn. Mediterranean Red and Jonica breeds’ milk was richer in P than Maltese, and in Zn than Maltese, Girgentana and Saanen breeds. For Mg, only Saanen differed from Maltese. Such information might be useful for the valorisation of goat milk produced by autochthonous breeds.

scholarly journals The silicon content of beer and its bioavailability in healthy volunteers

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supannee Sripanyakorn ◽  
Ravin Jugdaohsingh ◽  
Hazel Elliott ◽  
Caroline Walker ◽  
Payal Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Orthosilicic Acid ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Si Content

Dietary Si, as soluble orthosilicic acid (OSA), may be important for the growth and development of bone and connective tissue. Beer appears to be a major contributor to Si intake, although the Si content of beer and its bioavailability in human subjects have not been well established. Here we investigated the Si content of different beers and then estimated Si absorption from beer in healthy volunteers. The Si content of seventy-six different beers was estimated using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and one of the beers, used in the ingestion study, was ultrafiltered to determine OSA content. Next, following the ingestion of 0·6 litres beer (22·5mg Si; 4·6% (v/v) ethanol), serum and urinary Si levels were measured in nine healthy volunteers over a 6h period. A solution of OSA was similarly investigated as a positive control and water and 4·6% ethanol as negative controls. The mean Si level of beer was 19·2 (SD 6·6) mg/l; the median Si level was 18·0mg/l. There was no significant difference in the Si levels of the different beers by geographical origin or type of beer. Serum and urinary Si levels increased considerably following the ingestion of beer or a solution of OSA but not with the ingestion of either 4·6% ethanol or water. The ultrafilterability of Si from beer (about 80%) and its absorption in volunteers (about 55%) was comparable with that of a solution of OSA suggesting that Si in beer is present chiefly in a monomeric form and is readily bioavailable.

scholarly journals Copper(II) and Sulfur Dioxide in Chardonnay Juice and Shiraz Must: Impact on Volatile Aroma Compounds and Cu Forms in Wine

Beverages ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Xinyi Zhang ◽  
Nikolaos Kontoudakis ◽  
John W. Blackman ◽  
Andrew C. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Volatile Aldehyde ◽  
Wine Composition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bottle Aging ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

This work outlines the influence of Cu(II) and SO2 concentrations in Chardonnay juice or Shiraz must on the respective wine composition. Analyses were conducted pre- and post-fermentation, after cold stabilization, after bentonite treatment (Chardonnay only), at bottling, and 15 months after bottling. The quantification of total Cu was conducted by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and free Cu by stripping potentiometry. Low molecular weight sulfur compounds, volatile aldehyde compounds, and general volatile compounds, including esters and terpenes, were quantified with gas-chromatography- or liquid-chromatography-QQQ-mass spectrometry. For Chardonnay, increased Cu concentration in the juice resulted in higher concentrations of Cu in the respective wine, while Shiraz wines showed no significant difference. Increased Cu addition to Chardonnay juice also produced significantly higher concentrations of H2S, 3-methylbutanal, and methional, but lower concentrations of methanethiol and phenylacetaldehyde, while SO2 addition increased 3-methylbutanal and phenylacetaldehyde, and decreased methanethiol production from post-fermentation to post-bottle aging. For the Shiraz, SO2 led to higher concentrations of H2S, and both SO2 and Cu addition increased the concentrations of hexanal, 3-methylbutanal, and phenylacetaldehyde in wine, but this effect diminished after cold stabilization. This study shows that SO2 and Cu in grape juice/must can have long-term implications for wine composition.

scholarly journals Influence of the binder used in pressing ash for laser sampling on the quality of analytical signals of the elements detected

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Roman P. Kolmykov ◽  
◽  
Аnna V. Petrushina ◽  
Sergey A. Sozinov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Laser Sampling ◽  
Chemical Purity

This work is devoted to determining the chemical composition of coal ashes. We used the optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma and laser sampling as a research method. The aim of the work is to determine the limits of detection (LoDs) and quantitative determination (LoQs) of elements in ashes using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as binders. In this work, analytical signals of Al, Ba, Be, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sc, Sr, Ti, Y, V, Zr, and Zn were analyzed in tablets obtained from the standard samples ZUK-1, ZUK-2, SG-1A, SG-3, SGD-2A, and SO-1, compacted using PVA and MCC, as well as from binding agents themselves. To obtain compact materials based on fly ash and geological materials, both binders are suitable if their chemical purity is enough for analysis. However, when using both MCC and PVA, some drawbacks were identified. The intensities of analytical lines of the elements were determined lower during the ablation of compact ashes with MCC than with PVA. The signal-background ratio is lower when using MCC as a binder material compared with compacts based on PVA. However, the highest grade PVA according to GOST 10779-78, used in the work, contains an admixture of sodium, about 0.06 w. %, which interferes with quantitative measurements if the sodium content in the sample is comparable to this value, which can be extremely rare in the analysis of fly ashes.

scholarly journals Reintegration of Brewers Spent Grains in the Food Chain: Nutritional, Functional and Sensorial Aspects

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2504
Author(s):  
Anca Corina Fărcaș ◽  
Sonia Ancuța Socaci ◽  
Maria Simona Chiș ◽  
Oana Lelia Pop ◽  
Melinda Fogarasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Sensorial Analysis ◽  
Baked Goods ◽  
Significant Difference

Nowadays, the pandemic situation has encouraged the idea of sustainable healthy foods leading to new trends in food consumption. Brewers spent grain (BSG) represents a potential functional food rich in fiber, protein, lipids, mineral and phenols that needs to be further exploited. In this vein, five different BSG types were collected from local breweries and valorized in cookies manufacturing. Thus, proximate composition (protein, minerals, lipids, ash, crude fiber and carbohydrates) was analyzed using AACC (American Association of Cereal Chemists) methods, DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and Folin Ciocalteu methods were used to determined antioxidant activity and total phenols, while minerals and aroma volatile compounds were performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and ITEX/GC-MS (in tube extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) respectively. Color and physical characteristics, together with sensorial analysis, were also evaluated. The results highlighted a significant difference between BSG samples, mainly from the total phenols, antioxidant activity and aroma volatile compounds point of view. BSG volatiles compounds from the aldehydes group such as 2-methyl-propanal, 3-methyl-butanal and 2-methyl-butanal were identified also in the final baked goods, leading to a pleasant and appreciated consumers’ taste and aroma. Furthermore, cookies sensorial analysis emphasized that the sample manufactured with BSG from light and dark malt mixture was more appreciated by consumers, attaining the highest hedonic scores.

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