scholarly journals Kekerabatan Plasma Nutfah Tebu Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Ruly Hamida ◽  
Parnidi Parnidi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Linkage Method ◽  
Sugarcane Germplasm ◽  
Relationship Of

<p>Karakterisasi morfologi tanaman tebu (<em>Saccharum officinarum)</em> sangat diperlukan sebagai pendukung perakitan varietas unggul melalui identifikasi sumber plasma nutfah yang ada. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan peluang data morfologi deskriptif, untuk menduga jarak dan hubungan kekerabatan genetik antar aksesi. Analisis <em>clustering </em>dilakukan menggunakan program Minitab 15, berdasar metode <em>complete lingkage</em> atau berdasarkan jarak terbesar dari 105 aksesi tebu. Hasil analisis menghasilkan 8 komponen utama dengan proporsi keragaman 75,4%. Selanjutnya analisis <em>clustering</em> pada 105 aksesi plasma nutfah tebu terbagi menjadi 15 kelompok pada derajat kemiripan 60%. Karakter bentuk telinga daun berkontribusi paling besar terhadap keragaman total.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Genetic Relationship of Sugarcane Germplasm from Study on Morphological Characters</strong><br /><br />Morphological characterization of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is required to support superior variety improvement by identification of germplasm resources. The purpose of this research was to know the diversity and genetic relationship of sugarcane germplasm from exploration in Java, based on morphological data as a contribution in the plant breeding process. The clustering analysis was done on Minitab 15 software by the complete linkage method or the greatest distance for 105 sugarcane accessions. The results showed there have 8 major components with the 75.4% of diversity proportion. While, clustering analysis for 105 sugarcane accession was divided into 15 groups with 60% degree of similarity. Shape of auricle had significant contribution to the total diversity of sugarcane. <br />Keywords: Saccharum officinarum, germplasm, morphology, genetic relationship</p>

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND CHROMOSOMAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ORCHID Peristylus goodyeroides Lindl. FROM CURUG SETAWING, KULONPROGO

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Febri Yuda Kurniawan ◽  
Anindita Della Rosa Riyadi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Chromosome Configuration ◽  
Telocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Leaf Arrangement ◽  
Karyotype Formula

Peristylus goodyeroides is a terestrial orchid that scattered around Southeast Asia. Morphological characters of P. goodyeroides can vary, depending on the ecological factors and habitat. Cytological characters in the form of chromosome configurations can be used as a taxonomic tool for the process of identifying and understanding variations in taxa. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphological characters and chromosome configuration of the P. goodyeroides from Curug Setawing, Kulonprogo. The method used was morphological characterization and plant chromosome preparation by squash method with the main steps of fixation, maceration, staining and observation. Data were analyzed with the help of Image raster 3, Corel Draw X7, and Microsoft Excel 2013. P. goodyeroides from Curug Setawing has the morphological characters of root tubers, cylindrical stems, ovate leaf shape, convolutive leaf arrangement and creamy white flowers. The orchid has a number of chromosomes 2n = 10 with a karyotype formula of 2n = 2x = 8m + 2t. Metacentric chromosomes are found on chromosomes 1-8 and telocentric chromosomes 9-10. The absolute arm length of the chromosomes has a range of 2.03-3.44 μm, the relative arm length of the chromosomes is 2.21-3.32 μm, the length of the p arm is 1.13-1.58 μm and the q arm is 1.23-2.12 μm.

The study of proventricular micromorphological characterization of ten Grylloidea species (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) from China

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2906 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
XIAOQIANG LI ◽  
BINGZHONG REN ◽  
YUTING ZOU ◽  
JIAN ZHANG ◽  
YINLIANG WANG
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present study compares the proventricular morphology, analyzed under optic microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), among ten Grylloidea species. The result showed that the size of proventriculus was of critical value. Internally, the main differences were the number of sclerotized appendix (sa), middle denticles (md) and lateral denticles (ld), and the structure of lateral teeth (lt). In addition, we analyzed the crickets’ feeding habits and note that the the proventriculus possesses highly sclerotized projections which act in the selection of victuals. The morphology of proventriculus is closely related to feeding habits. A clustering analysis of seven features of the proventriculus was constructed. It revealed that the proventriculus had significance for taxonomy and species relationships. Observations on morphological characterization of proventricular morphology will be useful in future studies of the feeding habits and phylogeny of crickets.

Phylogenetic relationship of some Onobrychis taxa naturally grown in Turkey based on morphology and nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS Sequences

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Süleyman AVCI ◽  
Nilgün Tekin ◽  
Cengiz SANCAK ◽  
Sebahattin ÖZCAN ◽  
Amir Orojpour Marangi
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Nrdna Its ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Relationship Of

Phylogenetic relationships were studied based on morphology and nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcript spacer (nrDNA ITS) sequences in 49 populations of 36 Onobrychis taxa belonging to 5 sections (Dendobrychis, Lophobrychis, Onobrychis, Heliobrychis and Hymenobrychis) naturally grown in Turkey. The morphological data (46 quantitative characters) were standardized and submitted for PCA analysis before the performance of hierarchical clustering analysis. In addition, a 577-bp region of the nrDNA ITS sequences was compared to generate a dendrogram using the neighbor-joining method. According to the obtained results, the Onobrychis genus is clearly divided into the Onobrychis and Sisyrosema subgenera both molecularly and morphologically; however, in terms of molecular data, while the Onobrychis subgenus showed polyphyletic features, the Sisyrosema subgenus had monophyletic features. Additionally, long-wing taxa belonging to Dendobrychis and Onobrychis and O. crista-galli belonging to Lophobrychis located in the same clade in Onobrychis showed polyphyletic features. This finding was confirmed in terms of long-wing taxa as well as morphology and indicated that these three sections were entangled with each other under the Onobrychis subgenus.

scholarly journals Computational biomechanics changes our view on insect head evolution

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1848) ◽  
pp. 20162412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Blanke ◽  
Peter J. Watson ◽  
Richard Holbrey ◽  
Michael J. Fagan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Character State ◽  
Functional Dependencies ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Computational Biomechanics ◽  
Relationship Of

Despite large-scale molecular attempts, the relationships of the basal winged insect lineages dragonflies, mayflies and neopterans, are still unresolved. Other data sources, such as morphology, suffer from unclear functional dependencies of the structures considered, which might mislead phylogenetic inference. Here, we assess this problem by combining for the first time biomechanics with phylogenetics using two advanced engineering techniques, multibody dynamics analysis and finite-element analysis, to objectively identify functional linkages in insect head structures which have been used traditionally to argue basal winged insect relationships. With a biomechanical model of unprecedented detail, we are able to investigate the mechanics of morphological characters under biologically realistic load, i.e. biting. We show that a range of head characters, mainly ridges, endoskeletal elements and joints, are indeed mechanically linked to each other. An analysis of character state correlation in a morphological data matrix focused on head characters shows highly significant correlation of these mechanically linked structures. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction under different data exclusion schemes based on the correlation analysis unambiguously supports a sistergroup relationship of dragonflies and mayflies. The combination of biomechanics and phylogenetics as it is proposed here could be a promising approach to assess functional dependencies in many organisms to increase our understanding of phenotypic evolution.

scholarly journals Genetic and Morphological Characterization of Colletotrichum acutatum Causing Anthracnose of Lupins

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 986-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Talhinhas ◽  
S. Sreenivasaprasad ◽  
João Neves-Martins ◽  
Helena Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Distinct Subgroup ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Pathogen Diversity ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Arbitrarily Primed Pcr ◽  
Pathogen Diagnosis

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum sp., is a serious problem of lupins (Lupinus spp.) worldwide. Morphological characters and molecular markers were used to characterize 43 Colletotrichum isolates from lupins, 8 isolates from other hosts, and 18 reference isolates representing related Colletotrichum spp., to assess the pathogen diversity and resolve its taxonomy. All lupin Colletotrichum isolates tested positive with C. acutatum-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and did not test positive with C. gloeosporioides-specific PCR. Spore shape and colony diameter as well as insensitivity to benomyl grouped the lupin anthracnose isolates closer to C. acutatum than to C. gloeosporioides. Analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of 57 Colletotrichum isolates grouped all lupin isolates with C. acutatum and distinct from C. gloeosporioides. Further, tub2 and his4 sequences revealed groups concordant with ITS, reducing the excessive dependence on the latter. Arbitrarily primed-PCR and amplified fragment length polymorphism analyses revealed intraspecific subgroups, but neither was useful to decipher species level relationships. ITS, tub2, and his4 results strongly support designating lupin anthracnose pathogen as C. acutatum or its subspecies. Most Colletotrichum isolates from lupins from worldwide locations are genetically homogeneous and form a distinct subgroup within C. acutatum. Present results also underline the potential of the C. acutatum-specific PCR for routine pathogen diagnosis.

scholarly journals Variation of specific morphological traits and ploidy level of five Aegilops L. species in Morocco.

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Bouchra Belkadi ◽  
Nourredine Assali ◽  
Ouafae Benlhabib
Keyword(s):  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Cytogenetic Study ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Triticum Spp ◽  
Total Variability

ABSTRACT. Variation of specific morphological traits and ploidy level of five Aegilops L. species in Morocco.The genus Aegilops L. represents an important natural source of useful genes for wheat breeding, with particular emphasis on biotic and abiotic stress resistance. For successful crosses, the primarily step is to select appropriate Aegilops accessions. In this paper, we studied five Moroccan species of an Aegilops collection on the basis of spike structure and chromosome number. Twenty-eight specific morphological characters were used to differentiate the species. Statistical analyses, in particular the DFA, allowed the characterization of the genetic variability of the species; the two first standardized axes explained 96,2% of the total variability and 100% of the entities were classified within their own group. In addition, the dendrogram constructed using morphological data reveals a significant variability within and between species. Cytogenetic study revealed four species, A. geniculata Roth, A. triuncialis L., A. ventricosa Tausch and A.peregrina Maire & Weiller, to be tetraploid. However, A. neglecta Req. ex. Bertol., where only two accessions are represented in the collection, revealed to be hexaploid, and can then be classified as A. neglecta subsp. recta Chennav.Key words. Aegilops, Variation, Morphology, Ploidy, Morocco.RÉSUMÉ. Variation des caracteres morphologiques specificities et niveau de plordie de an(' espéces Aegilops L. au Maroc. Le genre Aegilops L. représente une importante source de genes, potentiellement utilisables dans Pamelioration des blés cultivés (Triticum spp.) notamment pour la resistance aux stress biotiques et abiotiques. Le choix des accessions Aegilops á employer, dans un programme d' hybridation interspécifique, necessite une caractérisation taxonomique et une evaluation préalables. L'objectif de ce travail a ete d'étudier des accessions, appartenant á 5 especes marocaines constituant une collection d'Aegilops, sur la base de caracteres morphologiques specifiques de l'épi et du niveau de ploYdie. La caractérisation phénotypique a été basée sur l'étude de 28 caracteres morphologiques qui discriminent entre les especes. Les resultats des analyses statistiques, en particulier de l'AFD, ont permis de caractériser la variabilite génetique de ces especes et ant donne un pourcentage d'appartenance á l'espece de 100%. Aussi, les deux premiers axes standardises expliquent 96,2% de la variabilité totale. Un demlrogramme a éte aussi construit, revelant une variabilite interspecifique. L'étude cytogenétique a révélé une tetraploYdie pour A. geniculata Roth, A. triuncialis L., A. ventricosa Tausch et A. peregrina Maire & Weiller. Quant á A. neglecta Req. ex. Bertol., une hexaploYdie a été mise en evidence pour les deux uniques accessions disponibles dans la collection, permettant de leur attribuer le nom A. neglecta subsp. recta Chennav.Mots clés. Aegilops, Variation, Morphologic, Plolidie, Maroc.

scholarly journals Morphological characterization of Conyza blakei, Conyza bonariensis var. bonariensis, Conyza sumatrensis var. sumatrensis and Conyza lorentzii in the southeast of Buenos Aires (Argentine).

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-373
Author(s):  
Patricia Diez De Ulzurrun ◽  
María B. Acedo ◽  
María E. Garavano ◽  
Valeria Gianelli ◽  
Verónica N. Ispizúa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Removal ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Conyza Bonariensis ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Direct Sowing

Morphological characterization of Conyza blakei, Conyza bonariensis var. bonariensis, Conyza sumatrensis var. sumatrensis and Conyza lorentzii in the southeast of Buenos Aires (Argentine). The genus Conyza Less. includes ruderal species, which grow of ruderal habitat, roadsides and railways. They have also been cited as pasture weeds, annual and perennial crops under direct sowing (SD) systems, adapting to these slightly disturbed environments since they are sensitive to soil removal. The taxonomic identification of Conyza species linked to morphological characters is difficult in vegetative stages, since this genus has highly related and polymorphic species. With the objective of morphologically characterizing Conyza blakei, C. bonariensis var. bonariensis, C. lorentzii and C. sumatrensis var. sumatrensis were recorded 19 morphological characters (12 vegetative and 7 reproductive) qualitative and quantitative, in 35 plants of each species. These characters were analyzed by Multivariate Analysis (Analysis of Components and Main Coordinates). The morphological characterization made it possible to detect phenotypic differences between the Conyza species analyzed. The analysis of main coordinates allowed to differentiate the species both at a reproductive and vegetative level, while the analysis of main components only allowed to differentiate the species in reproductive stage.

scholarly journals Characterization of Populations of Rhizoctonia solani in Paddy Rice Fields in Côte d'Ivoire

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 414-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Banniza ◽  
A. A. Sy ◽  
P. D. Bridge ◽  
S. A. Simons ◽  
M. Holderness
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Anastomosis Group ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Length Polymorphisms

Isolates of Rhizoctonia solani were obtained from plant and soil samples that had been systematically collected in a field experiment in Côte d'Ivoire to study the diversity of the pathogen and the influence of three different rice rotations on the pathogen population. Characterization by morphology, anastomosis testing, pathogenicity testing, and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of AT-rich DNA (AT-DNA) showed that there were no differences in isolates from different experimental plots, suggesting that the soil as well as the plant population of the fungus was indistinguishable throughout the experiment and was not influenced by crop rotation. Analysis of AT-DNA showed that the isolates obtained from plant material and one from soil shared a distinct banding pattern, identical with the AT-DNA RFLP obtained for the reference strain of anastomosis group 1 (AG-1). The remaining soil isolates produced a consistent RFLP pattern that was distinct from that of the plant isolates. Morphological characterization of isolates produced two major clusters consisting of the same groups of isolates as found by AT-DNA RFLP. Diversity in morphological characters was much higher in plant than in soil isolates and indicated that the population might consist of several clones. Anastomosis testing revealed that soil as well as plant isolates were able to fuse with the tester strain of AG-1. Significant differences in disease severity were observed between the two groups of isolates in pathogenicity tests on rice plants, with plant isolates being distinctively more virulent.

Congruence between morphology and molecular data supports the distinction between the snapping shrimps Alpheus macrocheles and A. amblyonyx (Caridea, Alpheidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4624 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUIDOMAR O. SOLEDADE ◽  
JUSTIN A. SCIOLI ◽  
MARIANA TEROSSI ◽  
FERNANDO L. MANTELATTO ◽  
ALEXANDRE O. ALMEIDA
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Taxonomic Confusion ◽  
Snapping Shrimps

The snapping shrimp Alpheus macrocheles (Hailstone, 1835b) is widely distributed across the Atlantic Ocean and was originally described from Hastings, England, based on a very brief description with limited morphological details and diagnostic illustrations. The morphologically similar A. amblyonyx Chace, 1972, type locality Quintana Roo, Mexico, is a western Atlantic taxon. The superficial description of A. macrocheles by Hailstone and the high similarity with A. amblyonyx has led to taxonomic confusion regarding the precise identification of these species. Thus, our objective was to reexamine these two species, based on a combined analysis of morphological—including a redescription for A. macrocheles and new morphological characterization of A. amblyonyx—and molecular data. In total, 42 morphological characters were analyzed, in addition to a phylogenetic analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences. A Bayesian Inference analysis recovered A. macrocheles and A. amblyonyx as distinct clades supporting the taxonomic distinction between them. The tree topology suggests that A. macrocheles is more closely related to A. crockeri (Armstrong, 1941) and A. puapeba (Christoffersen, 1979) than to A. amblyonyx, which forms the sister group to a well-supported clade containing these three species. This contribution conclusively distinguishes between A. macrocheles and A. amblyonyx and points out the need for a comprehensive review involving all species of the larger A. macrocheles group. 

scholarly journals Morphological Characterization of Leaf and Flower of Local Sweet Potato [Ipomea batatas L.] From Agam and Solok District, West Sumatra Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Sumilah Sumilah ◽  
Nirmala F. Devy ◽  
Hardiyanto Hardiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Ipomea Batatas ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Taxonomic Research

<p>The diversity of sweet potatoes from Agam and Solok District of West Sumatra is known to be very high, it causes somedifficulties in taxonomic research. The diversity analysis based on the leaf and flower morphology has not done before in local sweet potato from Agam and Solok District. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of local varieties of sweet potato from West Sumatra based on leaves and flowers morphological characters. The analysis was conducted on 21 accessions collected from West Sumatra regencies and germplasm collection. The Morphological characterization was done based on CIP/AVRDC/IBPGR descriptor list. The data of morphological character was analyzed using Primary Component Analysis (PCA) and grouping analysis using Cluster Analysis through SAHN method on NTSys program, with UPGMA as similarities criteria. The results showed that the first four principal components contributed 89.6% to the plant diversity. The sweet potatoes were divided into 2 clusters, with the main distinguishing character was the existence of plant flowers. Information on genetic diversity and the pattern of relations between accessions will be very useful for the West Sumatra people in developing superior sweet potatoes.</p>

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