Variation of specific morphological traits and ploidy level of five Aegilops L. species in Morocco.

ABSTRACT. Variation of specific morphological traits and ploidy level of five Aegilops L. species in Morocco.The genus Aegilops L. represents an important natural source of useful genes for wheat breeding, with particular emphasis on biotic and abiotic stress resistance. For successful crosses, the primarily step is to select appropriate Aegilops accessions. In this paper, we studied five Moroccan species of an Aegilops collection on the basis of spike structure and chromosome number. Twenty-eight specific morphological characters were used to differentiate the species. Statistical analyses, in particular the DFA, allowed the characterization of the genetic variability of the species; the two first standardized axes explained 96,2% of the total variability and 100% of the entities were classified within their own group. In addition, the dendrogram constructed using morphological data reveals a significant variability within and between species. Cytogenetic study revealed four species, A. geniculata Roth, A. triuncialis L., A. ventricosa Tausch and A.peregrina Maire & Weiller, to be tetraploid. However, A. neglecta Req. ex. Bertol., where only two accessions are represented in the collection, revealed to be hexaploid, and can then be classified as A. neglecta subsp. recta Chennav.Key words. Aegilops, Variation, Morphology, Ploidy, Morocco.RÉSUMÉ. Variation des caracteres morphologiques specificities et niveau de plordie de an(' espéces Aegilops L. au Maroc. Le genre Aegilops L. représente une importante source de genes, potentiellement utilisables dans Pamelioration des blés cultivés (Triticum spp.) notamment pour la resistance aux stress biotiques et abiotiques. Le choix des accessions Aegilops á employer, dans un programme d' hybridation interspécifique, necessite une caractérisation taxonomique et une evaluation préalables. L'objectif de ce travail a ete d'étudier des accessions, appartenant á 5 especes marocaines constituant une collection d'Aegilops, sur la base de caracteres morphologiques specifiques de l'épi et du niveau de ploYdie. La caractérisation phénotypique a été basée sur l'étude de 28 caracteres morphologiques qui discriminent entre les especes. Les resultats des analyses statistiques, en particulier de l'AFD, ont permis de caractériser la variabilite génetique de ces especes et ant donne un pourcentage d'appartenance á l'espece de 100%. Aussi, les deux premiers axes standardises expliquent 96,2% de la variabilité totale. Un demlrogramme a éte aussi construit, revelant une variabilite interspecifique. L'étude cytogenétique a révélé une tetraploYdie pour A. geniculata Roth, A. triuncialis L., A. ventricosa Tausch et A. peregrina Maire & Weiller. Quant á A. neglecta Req. ex. Bertol., une hexaploYdie a été mise en evidence pour les deux uniques accessions disponibles dans la collection, permettant de leur attribuer le nom A. neglecta subsp. recta Chennav.Mots clés. Aegilops, Variation, Morphologic, Plolidie, Maroc.

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Characterization of Indian Mustard Germplasm on the Basis of Morphological Traits and SSR Markers

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i4831234 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 300-311

Author(s):

Narendra Singh Rajpoot ◽

M. K. Tripathi ◽

Sushma Tiwari ◽

R. S. Tomar ◽

V. S. Kandalkar

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Indian Mustard ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Average Value ◽

Seed Crops ◽

High Degree

The genus Brassica is one of the most important oil seed crops in India with high degree of genetic diversity. In present study, genetic diversity was studied in forty germplasm lines and eight cultivars of Indian mustard using morphological traits and SSR markers. Morphological characters were taken for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), length of main raceme (cm), number of primary branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, number of silique per plant, number of seeds per silique, 1000 seed weight (g) and seed yield per plant (g). Total 50 SSR markers were used for characterization of these lines, out of which 7 SSR markers were highly polymorphic between all the germplasms of mustard. An UPGMA phonogram was constructed for all 48 Germplasms and the similarity coefficient ranged from 0.00 to 0.91. Number of alleles ranged from 3 to 4, genetic diversity ranged from 71% to 65% with average value of 67%, heterozygosity raged from 20 to 10% with average of 12% and PIC value for markers ranged from 0.65 to 0.59 with mean PIC value 0.61. All seven SSR primers showed PIC value above 0.5 (50%) indicating high genetic diversity in the studied plant material.

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Spaghetti to a Tree: A Robust Phylogeny for Terebelliformia (Annelida) Based on Transcriptomes, Molecular and Morphological Data

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology9040073 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 73 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Josefin Stiller ◽

Ekin Tilic ◽

Vincent Rousset ◽

Fredrik Pleijel ◽

Greg W. Rouse

Keyword(s):

Morphological Traits ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Sister Group ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Fine Scale ◽

Ecological Diversity ◽

Undescribed Species ◽

Orthologous Genes ◽

Morphological Transformations

Terebelliformia—“spaghetti worms” and their allies—are speciose and ubiquitous marine annelids but our understanding of how their morphological and ecological diversity evolved is hampered by an uncertain delineation of lineages and their phylogenetic relationships. Here, we analyzed transcriptomes of 20 terebelliforms and an outgroup to build a robust phylogeny of the main lineages grounded on 12,674 orthologous genes. We then supplemented this backbone phylogeny with a denser sampling of 121 species using five genes and 90 morphological characters to elucidate fine-scale relationships. The monophyly of six major taxa was supported: Pectinariidae, Ampharetinae, Alvinellidae, Trichobranchidae, Terebellidae and Melinninae. The latter, traditionally a subfamily of Ampharetidae, was unexpectedly the sister to Terebellidae, and hence becomes Melinnidae, and Ampharetinae becomes Ampharetidae. We found no support for the recently proposed separation of Telothelepodidae, Polycirridae and Thelepodidae from Terebellidae. Telothelepodidae was nested within Thelepodinae and is accordingly made its junior synonym. Terebellidae contained the subfamily-ranked taxa Terebellinae and Thelepodinae. The placement of the simplified Polycirridae within Terebellinae differed from previous hypotheses, warranting the division of Terebellinae into Lanicini, Procleini, Terebellini and Polycirrini. Ampharetidae (excluding Melinnidae) were well-supported as the sister group to Alvinellidae and we recognize three clades: Ampharetinae, Amaginae and Amphicteinae. Our analysis found several paraphyletic genera and undescribed species. Morphological transformations on the phylogeny supported the hypothesis of an ancestor that possessed both branchiae and chaetae, which is at odds with proposals of a “naked” ancestor. Our study demonstrates how a robust backbone phylogeny can be combined with dense taxon coverage and morphological traits to give insights into the evolutionary history and transformation of traits.

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Comparative Morphology, Phylogeny, Classification and Evolution of Interstitial Habits in Microcambevine Catfishes (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Taxonomy ◽

10.3390/taxonomy1040025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 313-344

Author(s):

Wilson J. E. M. Costa ◽

Axel M. Katz

Keyword(s):

Morphological Traits ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Morphological Evolution ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Comparative Morphology ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Data ◽

High Level ◽

Available Information

The Microcambevinae are a catfish subfamily endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, comprising rare species with interstitial habits. Microcambevines have been classified in two genera, Listrura and Microcambeva, but the relationships among included intrageneric lineages are still poorly understood. The objectives of this study are to conduct a phylogenetic analysis integrating morphological characters and a multigene dataset, and to propose a classification better reflecting morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationships. Phylogenetic analyses combining 57 morphological characters and a 2563 bp molecular dataset generated similar phylogenetic trees with high support values for most clades, including the two genera and some intrageneric groups. Six morphologically distinctive infrageneric lineages, three in Listrura and three in Microcambeva, are classified as subgenera, as well as two new species are described. The morphological diversity here recorded integrated to available information about habitat indicate high level of divergent specialisation among lineages. The analyses indicate a series of convergent morphological traits between Listrura and other teleosts sharing a fossorial lifestyle, as well as specialised traits independently occurring within Listrura lineages. Similarly, a great diversity of morphological traits occurs convergently in Microcambeva lineages and other teleosts sharing psammophilic habits. This study shows that combining molecular and morphological data yields well-supported phylogenies, making possible to unambiguously diagnose clades and to establish evolutionary hypothesis on morphological evolution.

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Genetic diversity of Albanian pea (Pisum sativum L.) landraces assessed by morphological traits and molecular markers

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/227/2013-cjgpb ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 177-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

B. Gixhari ◽

M. Pavelková ◽

H. Ismaili ◽

H. Vrapi ◽

A. Jaupi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Molecular Markers ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Insertion Polymorphism ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

And Cluster Analysis

In order to investigate the genetic diversity present in the pea germplasm stored in the Albanian genebank, we analyzed 28 local pea genotypes of Albanian origins for 23 quantitative morphological traits, as well as 14 retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphism (RBIP) molecular markers. The study of morphological characters carried out during three growing seasons (2010, 2011 and 2012) had the objective of characterization of traits useful in breeding programs. RBIP marker analysis revealed the genetic similarity in range from 0.06 to 0.45. ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis was used to visualize the association among different traits. Most of the quantitative morphological traits showed significant differences. PCA and cluster analysis (Ward’s method) carried out for morphological traits divided the local pea genotypes into three clusters. Finally, the study identified the agronomicaly important traits which will facilitate the maintenance and agronomic evaluation of the collections.

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Agro-morphological characterization of Bambara nut accessions [Vigna subterranea (L) Verdcourt] from Burkina Faso

Journal of Applied Biosciences ◽

10.35759/jabs.153.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 153 ◽

pp. 15727-15744

Keyword(s):

Burkina Faso ◽

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Vigna Subterranea ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Ecological Zones ◽

Total Variability

Objectives: The agro morphological diversity of Bambara nut remains poorly understood. In this study 90 Bambara nut accessions were assessed for phenotypic variability of agronomic and morphological traits. Methodology and results: A trial was conducted at Rollo (Bam province) on 90 accessions of Bambara nut of 3 agro ecological zones in Burkina Faso. Accessions were evaluated on 27 morphological characters. Result of qualitative traits analysis showed dominance of cream-coloured seeds, butterfly-grey eyes, and smooth yellowish-brown pods. The majority of quantitative traits were discriminant at 1%. The completed PCA indicates that the first two axes expressed 55.60% of the total variability. The dendogram highlighted four groups of diversity. Conclusion and application of results: The agro morphological characterization showed great variability within the accessions studied. The different associations between yield components and the clustering into classes could be exploited in breeding programs for improvement of Bambara nut productivity. RESUME Objectifs: La diversité agro morphologique du pois bambara reste mal connue. Dans cette étude, la variabilité phénotypique des caractères agronomiques et morphologiques de 90 accessions de pois bambara a été évaluées. Méthodologie et résultats: Un essai a été conduit à Rollo (Province de Bam) sur 90 accessions de pois bambara issues de quatre zones agro-écologiques du Burkina Faso. Les accessions ont été évaluées sur 27 caractères morphologiques. Les résultats de l’analyse des caractères qualitatifs ont montré la dominance des graines de couleur crème, des yeux gris papillon et des gousses lisses brun jaunâtre. La majorité des Caractères quantitatifs étaient discriminants à 1%. L'ACP indique que les deux premiers axes ont exprimé 55, 60% de la variabilité totale. Le dendrogramme a mis en évidence quatre groupes de diversité. Kambou et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 Agro-morphological characterization of Bambara nut accessions [Vigna subterranea (L) Verdcourt] from Burkina Faso 15728 Conclusion et application des résultats: La caractérisation agro morphologique a montré une grande variabilité au sein des accessions étudiées. Les différentes associations entre les composantes du rendement et la subdivision en classes pourraient être exploités dans les programmes de sélection pour l'amélioration de la productivité du pois bambara. Mots clés: Pois bambara, caractères morphologiques, variabilité

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Characterization of Agro-morphological Traits of 21 F5 Lines of Aus Rice

Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science ◽

10.9734/ajrcs/2019/v4i130061 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Md. Kamrul Islam ◽

Md. Shahidur Rashid Bhuiyan ◽

Md. Sarowar Hossain ◽

Md. Sadiquzzaman Sarker ◽

Md. Shamsuzzoha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Breeding ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Experimental Field ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

The investigation was carried out under field conditions to characterize agro-morphological traits of twenty-one (21) advanced Aus rice lines (F5). The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The ﬁeld was divided into three blocks; each block was sub-divided into 21 plots (lines) where genotypes were randomly assigned. The experiment was conducted during the period of Transplanting Aus season (April 2015 to August 2015) at the genetics and plant breeding experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh. All the genotypes were characterized and categorized as per the descriptors developed by Biodiversity International, IRRI and WARDA-2007 for DUS test of inbred rice. All the genotypes were grouped and classified as well as described based on morphological characters as per descriptors so that all the observed genotypes containing described characters can be easily evaluated and identified at a glance for further studies.

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Kekerabatan Plasma Nutfah Tebu Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi

Buletin Tanaman Tembakau Serat & Minyak Industri ◽

10.21082/btsm.v11n1.2019.24-32 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Ruly Hamida ◽

Parnidi Parnidi

Keyword(s):

Genetic Relationship ◽

Clustering Analysis ◽

Saccharum Officinarum ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Linkage Method ◽

Sugarcane Germplasm ◽

Relationship Of

Karakterisasi morfologi tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum) sangat diperlukan sebagai pendukung perakitan varietas unggul melalui identifikasi sumber plasma nutfah yang ada. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan peluang data morfologi deskriptif, untuk menduga jarak dan hubungan kekerabatan genetik antar aksesi. Analisis clustering dilakukan menggunakan program Minitab 15, berdasar metode complete lingkage atau berdasarkan jarak terbesar dari 105 aksesi tebu. Hasil analisis menghasilkan 8 komponen utama dengan proporsi keragaman 75,4%. Selanjutnya analisis clustering pada 105 aksesi plasma nutfah tebu terbagi menjadi 15 kelompok pada derajat kemiripan 60%. Karakter bentuk telinga daun berkontribusi paling besar terhadap keragaman total. Genetic Relationship of Sugarcane Germplasm from Study on Morphological Characters Morphological characterization of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is required to support superior variety improvement by identification of germplasm resources. The purpose of this research was to know the diversity and genetic relationship of sugarcane germplasm from exploration in Java, based on morphological data as a contribution in the plant breeding process. The clustering analysis was done on Minitab 15 software by the complete linkage method or the greatest distance for 105 sugarcane accessions. The results showed there have 8 major components with the 75.4% of diversity proportion. While, clustering analysis for 105 sugarcane accession was divided into 15 groups with 60% degree of similarity. Shape of auricle had significant contribution to the total diversity of sugarcane. Keywords: Saccharum officinarum, germplasm, morphology, genetic relationship

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Pollen characterization of ornamental species of Mammillaria Haw. (Cactaceae/Cactoideae)

Acta Biológica Catarinense ◽

10.21726/abc.v6i1.732 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Denise M. D. S. Mouga ◽

Gabriel R. Schroeder ◽

Nilton P. Vieira Junior ◽

Enderlei Dec

Keyword(s):

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Radial Symmetry ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Medium Size ◽

Ornamental Species

The pollen morphology of thirteen species of Cactaceae was studied: M. backebergiana F.G. Buchenau, M. decipiens Scheidw, M. elongata DC, M. gracilis Pfeiff., M. hahniana Werderm., M. marksiana Krainz, M. matudae Bravo, M. nejapensis R.T. Craig & E.Y. Dawson, M. nivosa Link ex Pfeiff., M. plumosa F.A.C. Weber, M. prolifera (Mill.) Haw, M. spinosissima var. “A Peak” Lem. and M. voburnensis Scheer. All analysed pollen grains are monads, with radial symmetry, medium size (M. gracilis, M. marksiana, M. prolifera, large), tricolpates (dimorphs in M. plumosa [3-6 colpus] and M. prolifera [3-6 colpus]), with circular-subcircular amb (quadrangular in M. prolifera and M. plumosa with six colpus). The pollen grains presented differences in relation to the shape and exine thickness. The exine was microechinate and microperforated. The pollen morphological data are unpublished and will aid in studies that use pollen samples. These pollen grains indicate ornamental cacti.

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Cultivation of New Emerging Agro-Nutritional Crop of Quinoa at Madinat al-Hikmah Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan

The Open Plant Science Journal ◽

10.2174/1874294701710010070 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 70-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhammad Afzal Rizvi ◽

Syed Abid Ali ◽

Iqra Munir ◽

Kousar Yasmeen ◽

Rubina Abid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arid Zone ◽

Good Health ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Sindh Province ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Elemental Accumulation ◽

Semi Arid ◽

Good Agreement

Aim: Quinoa is a popular source of protein, minerals and alternative to traditional grains. The objective of this study is to introduce the Quinoa in the semi-arid zone of Sindh province of Pakistan. Method: A variety of NARC-9 from the agricultural Punjab province was cultivated and subjected to analyze the growth, morphological characters of the varieties obtained, saponin, protein and the elemental composition viz. Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Na, Pb, and Zn. Result: The result demonstrated the optimum growth and no disease were found in the experimental area. At least three major varieties of quinoa were obtained. Seed morphological data of these three quinoa cultivars were collected. The average saponin levels were quite reasonable. Overall proteins band pattern revealed very high polymorphism in quinoa cultivars and the results were also in good agreement with earlier studies. Conclusion: All quinoa cultivars of Madinat al-Hikmah showed high concentrations of albumin than globulin concentrations (i.e. 48-52% and 24-27%, respectively) as compared to control seeds from market that had similar concentrations of the two fractions i.e. 35.58% and 37.68%, respectively. Likewise, low concentrations of prolamin 14-16% and glutelin 11-12% compared to control seeds 13% rank our crop much better quality than the imported one in the market. The trend of elemental accumulation was followed as K >Na >Fe >Zn >Cu >Pb >Cd, while for comparison it was Na >K >Zn >Fe >Cu >Pb >Cd >Pb for wheat grown under similar conditions. Traditional grains together make a major contribution to the total nutritional element intake of the average Pakistani citizen through diet, not only because of large amounts consumed, but also in part by suitable levels of their proteins and elemental up take for good health. Thus the successful cultivation of quinoa in the semi-arid zone of Sindh will certainly prove beneficial.

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Tardigrades of Kristianstads Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve with description of four new species from Sweden

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83627-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Edoardo Massa ◽

Roberto Guidetti ◽

Michele Cesari ◽

Lorena Rebecchi ◽

K. Ingemar Jönsson

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

New Records ◽

Biosphere Reserve ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Integrative Approach ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Biological Value

AbstractKristianstads Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve [KVBR] is a UNESCO designated area of Sweden possessing high biological value. Although several studies on tardigrades inhabiting Sweden have been performed, the KVBR area has been neglected. The current study investigates the tardigrade fauna of five areas of the biosphere reserve and includes 34 samples of different substrates analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. In total, 33 species of tardigrades were found in the samples, including 22 new records for the Skåne region, 15 new records for Sweden, and four species new to science. Mesobiotus emiliae sp. nov., Xerobiotus gretae sp. nov., Itaquascon magnussoni sp. nov., and Thulinius gustavi sp. nov. were described with an integrative approach (when possible) using morphological characters (light, electron scanning, and confocal laser scanning microscopies) and molecular markers (ITS2, 18S, 28S, cox1). A new protocol to increase morphological data was developed recovering mounted specimens within old slides for SEM analysis. Emended diagnoses for the genus Itaquascon and the transfer of Platicrista itaquasconoide to the genus Meplitumen are proposed. This study enriches the knowledge of the tardigrade biodiversity both within the KVBR and in Sweden and contributes to the rapidly increasing number of tardigrade species reported worldwide. The 33 species identified in the KVBR area represents 28% of all water bear species found in Sweden so far. The restricted study areas and limited number of samples collected suggests that the KVBR is very rich of tardigrades.

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