scholarly journals Penerapan Tarif Impor dan Implikasi Ekonominya dalam Perdagangan Beras di Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
A. Husni Malian ◽  
Chaerul Muslim ◽  
NFN Erwidodo
Keyword(s):  
Import Tariff ◽  
Floor Price ◽  
Good For ◽  
The Government ◽  
Discrete Measures ◽  
Ad Valorem Tariff ◽  
Ad Valorem

<p><strong>English<br /></strong>Since December 1, 1998 the government has taken discrete measures of abolishing fertilizer subsidy and liberalized rice and fertilizers trade. To compensate the rice producing farmers the government decided to increase the hulled dry rice floor price from Rp. 1,000.- to Rp. 1,400.- - Rp. 1,500.- per kg. To implement effectively the new floor price mentioned above the government of Indonesia has one choice only which is in accordance with GATT/WTO rules, i.e. to impose an import tariff. Results of the analyses indicate that the ad valorem tariff applicable as high as 40 percent is effective for the whole year or 30 percent if it is applied in January to June period only. The application of this rice import tariff is good for one or two years only in line with the restructured rice agribusiness system.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian<br /></strong>Sejak tanggal 1 Desember 1998, pemerintah telah mengambil kebijakan berupa penghapusan subsidi pupuk dan membebaskan perdagangan serta tataniaga pupuk dan beras. Sebagai kompensasi kepada petani produsen padi, pemerintah juga mengamankan harga dasar yang baru tersebut, pemerintah Indonesia hanya memiliki satu pilihan yang sesuai dengan kesepakatan GATT/WTO yaitu menerapkan tarif impor beras. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tarif ad valorem yang dapat dikenakan adalah 40 persen bila diberlakukan sepanjang tahun, atau 30 persen bila hanya berlaku selama masa panen raya padi yang berlangsung antara bulan Januari sampai Juni. Penerapan tarif impor beras ini sebaiknya hanya ditempuh selama satu sampai dua tahun, seiring dengan penataan kembali sistem agribisnis beras yang berlangsung sekarang.</p>

India’s 5G auction will boost Reliance’s digital plans

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Public Sector Banks ◽  
Spectrum Auction ◽  
Floor Price ◽  
The Government

Significance This came after the government announced plans for a 4G spectrum auction in March 2021, after a five-year gap. There is growing speculation that this will be followed by an auction of 5G spectrum later in the year. Impacts Reliance’s lead on 5G will boost its broader digital business strategy. New financial support to indebted telcos will help to avoid further strain on public sector banks. Data tariffs are likely to remain competitive in India, even after a new floor price.

‘War is Good for Thieving!’ The Symbiosis of Crime and Warfare Among the Kuria of Tanzania

Africa ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Fleisher
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Cash Market ◽  
Cattle Raiding ◽  
Good For ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
The Government ◽  
Livestock Trade

AbstractAmong the agro-pastoral Kuria people of East Africa, whose population straddles the border between Tanzania and Kenya, many young men are engaged in an illicit, violent livestock trade in which cattle stolen in Tanzania are sold to Tanzanian or Kenyan buyers for cash. This raiding is inextricably bound up with the phenomenon of warfare between mutually antagonistic Kuria clans, which not only serves to legitimise raids on the enemy's cattle herds so long as the fighting rages but which also fosters and sustains an atmosphere of inter-clan enmity that lends support to cattle raiding, particularly on the herds of former adversaries, even after hostilities have ended. Clan warfare emerges as both a cause and an effect of raiding as well as serving as a training ground for novice raiders. On the basis of field research in the Tarime District lowlands, the article argues that although Kuria cattle raiding, oriented to the cash market, owes its existence to capitalist penetration and is driven by the rising demand for cattle, particularly in Kenya, it remains heavily dependent on inter-clan warfare, which has two main causes: animosity engendered by commercialised cattle raiding, and boundary adjustments initiated by the government, either for administrative reasons or, paradoxically, in an effort to resolve existing disputes over access to pasture, grazing and water.

scholarly journals PENGENALAN PERPUSTAKAAN KEPADA ANAK USIA DINI

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-172
Author(s):  
Lusi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Absolute Necessity ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Good For ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reading Interest

Abstract: There are many factors behind why Indonesian people do not like literature, so the impact is the lack of interest in reading in Indonesia, especially in rural areas. Introducing the library as a means of information which is an absolute necessity of the community in the information age needs to be done. Awareness of the importance of this library should be fostered since childhood, therefore the thing that needs to be done is to provide adequate facilities / good for children's libraries. But before moving in that direction, the children's soul must be understood and what kind of information is needed by the children. Therefore it is necessary for the active involvement of various parties such as parents, teachers and the government to foster interest in reading early on by introducing the library early on. However, it is difficult to expect children and adolescents to come to the library without any precise effort and resources pull from the library itself. The lack of attention to the elements intended to extend the reading interest of Indonesian people, especially for people in rural areas.Keywords: Library, Early ChildhoodAbstrak : Banyak faktor yang melatarbelakangi mengapa masyarakat Indonesia kurang suka ke pustaka, maka dampaknya adalah kurangnya minat baca di Indonesia khusus lagi bagian pedesaan. Memperkenalkan  perpustakaan sebagai salah satu sarana informasi yang merupakan kebutuhan mutlak masyarakat dalam era informasi perlu dilakukan. Kesadaran akan pentingnya perpustakaan ini memang sebaiknya dipupuk sejak kecil, oleh karena itu hal yang perlu dilakukan adalah menyediakan fasilitas yang memadai/baik untuk perpustakaan anak-anak. Akan tetapi sebelum melangkah ke arah itu, harus pula dipahami jiwa anak-anak tersebut dan informasi yang seperti apa yang dibutuhkan oleh anak-anak. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya keterlibatan secara aktif dari berbagai pihak seperti orangtua, guru dan pemerintah untuk menumbuhkan minat baca sejak dini dengan memperkenalkan perpustakaan sejak dini.Akan tetapi, sulit mengharapkan anak-anak dan remaja untuk datang ke perpustakaan tanpa ada upaya yang jitu dan daya tarik dari perpustakaan itu sendiri. Kurangnya perhatian elemen-elemen  yang dimaksudkan memperpanjang daya minat baca masyarakat Indonesia, khusus bagi masyarakat yang ada di pedesaan.Kata kunci : Perpustakaan, Anak Usia Dini

scholarly journals Fiscal and Public Health Impact of a Change in Tobacco Excise Taxes in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenny Ama Pokuaa ◽  
Aba Obrumah Crentsil ◽  
Christian Kwaku Osei ◽  
Felix Ankomah Asante
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Tax Structure ◽  
Ad Valorem Tax ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
The Government ◽  
Ad Valorem

This working paper predicts the fiscal and public health outcomes from a change in the excise tax structure for cigarettes in Ghana. More than 5,000 people are killed by diseases caused by tobacco every year in Ghana (Tobacco Atlas 2018). Currently the country has a unitary tax administration approach, with a uniform ad valorem tax structure on all excisable products, including tobacco. However, the ECOWAS directive on tobacco control, in line with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO 2003), recommends a simple tax structure – using a mixed excise system with a minimum specific tax floor to overcome the limitations of an ad valorem system on tobacco products, especially cigarettes. The study therefore simulates mixed tax policy interventions, and assesses their effect on government revenue and public health relative to the current ad valorem tax system. Primary data collection of tobacco prices in three geographical zones of the country was conducted in February 2020, across both rural and urban localities. This was supported with secondary data from national and international databases. Based on the assumption that Ghana adopts a mixed tax structure, the simulation shows that, if the government imposes a specific excise tax of GH₵4.00 (US$0.80) per pack in addition to the current ad valorem rate of 175 per cent of the CIF value, the average retail price of a cigarette pack would increase by 128 per cent, cigarette consumption decrease by 27 per cent, tobacco excise tax revenue increase by 627 per cent, and overall tobacco-related government tax revenue increase by 201 per cent.1 Additionally, there would be significant declines in smoking prevalence (3.3%), smoking intensity (1,448 cigarettes per year), and 3,526 premature smoking-related deaths would be avoided. The paper advocates for a strong tax administration and technical capacity, with continuous commitment by the government to adjust the tax rate in line with the rate of inflation and per capita income growth.

THE CONCEPT OF REAL ESTATE TAXATION BASED ON THE AD VALOREM PRINCIPLE

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Tomasz Wołowiec
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Ad Valorem Tax ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Personal Property ◽  
The Government ◽  
Special Assessment ◽  
Fair Market Value ◽  
Ad Valorem

A property tax (or millage tax) is a levy on property that the owner is required to pay. The tax is levied by the governing authority of the jurisdiction in which the property is located; it may be paid to a national government, a federated state, a county or geographical region, or a municipality. Multiple jurisdictions may tax the same property. This is in contrast to a rent and mortgage tax, which is based on a percentage of the rent or mortgage value. There are four broad types of property: land, improvements to land (immovable man-made objects, such as buildings), personal property (movable man-made objects), and intangible property. Real property (also called real estate or realty) means the combination of land and improvements. Under a property tax system, the government requires and/or performs an appraisal of the monetary value of each property, and tax is assessed in proportion to that value. Forms of property tax used vary among countries and jurisdictions. Real property is often taxed based on its classification. Classification is the grouping of properties based on similar use. Properties in different classes are taxed at different rates. Examples of different classes of property are residential, commercial, industrial and vacant real property. In Israel, for example, property tax rates are double for vacant apartments versus occupied apartments. A special assessment tax is sometimes confused with property tax. These are two distinct forms of taxation: one (ad valorem tax) relies upon the fair market value of the property being taxed for justification, and the other (special assessment) relies upon a special enhancement called a "benefit" for its justification.

scholarly journals What Kind of Electoral Outcome do People Think is Good for Democracy?

2021 ◽  
pp. 003232172110555
Author(s):  
André Blais ◽  
Damien Bol ◽  
Shaun Bowler ◽  
David M Farrell ◽  
Annika Fredén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Survey Instrument ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Electoral Institutions ◽  
Electoral Outcome ◽  
Electoral Outcomes ◽  
Good For ◽  
The Government ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Representative Samples

There is perennial debate in comparative politics about electoral institutions, but what characterizes this debate is the lack of consideration for citizens’ perspective. In this paper, we report the results of an original survey conducted on representative samples in 15 West European countries ( N = 15,414). We implemented an original instrument to elicit respondents’ views by asking them to rate “real but blind” electoral outcomes. With this survey instrument, we aimed to elicit principled rather than partisan preferences regarding the kind of electoral outcomes that citizens think is good for democracy. We find that West Europeans do not clearly endorse a majoritarian or proportional vision of democracy. They tend to focus on aspects of the government rather than parliament when they pass a judgment. They want a majority government that has few parties and enjoys wide popular support. Finally, we find only small differences between citizens of different countries.

scholarly journals PERKEMBANGAN KESEJAHTERAAN RUMAH TANGGA TRANSMIGRAN DAERAH PANTAI Kabupaten Kulon Progo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Populasi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Sasap Abao ◽  
Nining Sofiati ◽  
Rita Dewi Tristianti
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Good For ◽  
The Government

The observation and interview with some transmigrants in Karangsewu and Bugel found that the rate of prosperity since they joined the transmigration program was not yet promising. They are some factors causing it, such as less commitment from the government in handling the program and problems inside it, the condition of the land given to the transmigrants were sandy land which is not good for agriculture, and the low quality of human resources itself. All that causing factors resulted in the low level of prosperity of those who joined the transmigration program. It showed in the classification of their family level which is still KS-1 (family with the first level of prosperity). The cata collected by doing quick survey through observation and indepth interview.

Customs Duties in India: Progressive Rationalisation and Rethinking

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K V Bhanu Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Import Tariff ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Protective Barrier ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Revenue Function ◽  
Opening Up

Customs duties are imposed to raise revenue for the government. Apart from the revenue function, import duties provide a protective barrier for domestic industries. Radical reforms have been introduced in the import tariff since 1991. These reforms were necessary because the customs tariff had become, over the years, very complicated in terms of multiple rates, innumerable exemptions, excessive controls, and elaborate procedures. These infirmities of the customs tariff often led to delays, harassment, corruption, and litigation. Moreover, rationalisation and simplification of the customs duties was needed to move towards a market economy, freedom of trade, and opening up the Indian economy to the outside world. The country has moved towards moderate rates of taxation with a view to improve compliance and reduce litigation.

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