scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS NEMATODA ENTOMOPATOGEN Steinernema sp. PADA HAMA UTAMA BEBERAPA TANAMAN PERKEBUNAN DAN HORTIKULTURA

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
I G.A.A. INDRAYANI ◽  
A. A. AGRA GOTHAMA
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Insect Host ◽  
Spray Chamber ◽  
Local Strains ◽  
Lethal Time

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Nematoda  entomopatogen  Steinernema  sp.  telah  banyak<br />dimanfaatkan sebagai agens hayati untuk mengendalikan serangga hama di<br />luar negeri, namun di Indonesia masih terbatas. Tujuan penelitian adalah<br />mengevaluasi efektivitas 3 strain Steinernema sp. lokal terhadap beberapa<br />hama utama tanaman perkebunan dan hortikultura. Penelitian ini dilakukan<br />di Laboratorium Entomologi dan Kebun Percobaan, Balai Penelitian<br />Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malang, Jawa Timur, mulai April 2001<br />sampai Mei 2002. Tiga strain nematoda lokal, yaitu BT02, ML07, dan<br />AB05 diuji masing-masing pada konsentrasi 50; 100; 200; 400; dan 800<br />Juvenil infektif (JI)/ml dan satu kontrol (tanpa JI). Sembilan spesies<br />serangga hama yang diuji yaitu Helicoverpa armigera, dan Pectinophora<br />gossypiella (hama kapas), H. assulta dan Myzus persicae (tembakau),<br />Plutella xylostella, dan Crocidolomia binotalis (kubis), Spodoptera exigua<br />(bawang merah), Liriomyza sp. dan S. litura (bunga krisan). Setiap spesies<br />serangga mewakili satu unit pengujian. Setiap perlakuan dalam unit<br />disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat ulangan.<br />Aplikasi perlakuan dilakukan dengan metode vial, kultur sel, dan sumuran,<br />tergantung perilaku serangga uji dan menggunakan spray chamber. Di<br />laboratorium, parameter yang diamati adalah sublethal (LC 25 ) dan lethal<br />concentration (LC 50 ), sublethal and lethal time (LT), dan produksi JI. Di<br />lapang, hanya satu perlakuan tunggal yang digunakan yaitu LC 50 dari<br />setiap strain nematoda. Sebanyak masing-masing 20 inang serangga<br />dipajankan daun atau bagian tanaman yang telah disemprot dengan<br />suspensi nematoda di lapang, kemudian serangga uji diamati di<br />laboratorium hingga mati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga<br />strain nematoda menunjukkan efektif membunuh C. binotalis (BT02), P.<br />xylostella, M. persicae (ML07), dan P. gossypiella (AB05), tetapi kurang<br />efektif terhadap H. armigera (AB05), S. exigua dan S. litura (ML07), dan<br />Liriomyza sp. (BT02). Waktu efektif yang diperlukan nematoda untuk<br />membunuh inang (Lethal Time) pada ketiga strain berkisar antara 1-4 hari.<br />Selain efektif membunuh stadia larva, Steinernema sp. juga efektif<br />terhadap prepupa dan pupa.<br />Kata kunci : Tanaman  perkebunan,  hortikultura,  Steinernema  sp.,<br />Helicoverpa armigera, Pectinophora gossypiella, H.<br />assulta, Myzus persicae, Plutella xylostella, Crocidolomia<br />binotalis, Spodoptera exigua, S. litura, Liriomyza sp., juvenil<br />infektif, mortalitas</p><p><br />ABSTRACT<br />Effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematode Steiner-<br />nema sp. against major insect pests of plantation and<br />horticulture<br />Entomopathogenic nematode of family Steinernematidae is a<br />prospective agent for biological control of insect pests. It has been known<br />that many species of insects can be infected by nematode and sometimes<br />showed different levels of infection. Laboratory and field study on the<br />effectiveness of Steinernema sp. against major insect pests of plantation<br />and horticulture was carried out in Laboratory of Entomology and<br />Experimental Station of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research<br />Institute (IToFCRI), Malang, East Java. The objective was to find out the<br />effectiveness of three local strains of Steinernema sp. to any different<br />major of insect pests of plantation and horticulture. Three local strains of<br />nematode tested as BT02, ML07, and AB05 which each consist of five<br />level concentrations of IJ, viz. 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 IJ/ml and one<br />untreated with IJ as control were tested against nine species of insect, viz.<br />H. armigera, P. gossypiella (cotton), H. assulta and M. persicae (tobacco),<br />P. xylostella and C. binotalis (cabbage), S. exigua (red onion), Liriomyza<br />sp. and S. litura (chrysanthemum). Each species of insect was tested as<br />one unit of test and treated with the same level of concentration. Each<br />treatment in every unit of test was arranged in randomized complete<br />design with four replications. Application method of treatment used were<br />vial, cell culture plate, and well, depends on insect behaviour. Nematode<br />suspension was applied by using spray chamber. Parameters observed<br />were sublethal and lethal concentration, sublethal and lethal time and IJ<br />production. In field study, only one single treatment LC 50 was used to<br />observe the insect mortality. In this study, twenty of insect hosts were fed<br />on treated-sample leaves collected from the field and observed till death.<br />The result showed that all strains of Steinernema sp. were more<br />pathogenic and effective against C. binotallis (BT02), P. xylostella and M.<br />persicae (ML07), and P. gossypiella (AB05), but less pathogenic against<br />H. armigera (AB05), S. exigua and S. litura (ML07), and Liriomyza sp.<br />(BT02). Time needed (LT) to kill the insect host was ranged from one to<br />four days. Strains of nematode tested were not only effective against larvae<br />but also effective to kill prepupae and pupae of insect host.<br />Key words : Estate crops, horticulture, Steinernema sp., H. armigera, P.<br />gossypiella, H. assulta, M. persicae, P. xylostella, C.<br />binotalis, S. exigua, Liriomyza sp, S. litura, infective<br />juvenile, mortality</p>

scholarly journals Keefektifan Patogenesitas Steirmema Carpocapsae (all strain) terhadap Hama Plutella xylostella L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Mariyono Mariyono ◽  
Eko Yuliarsha Sidhi ◽  
Nugraheni Hadiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
The Body ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Infective Juvenile ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Steinernema Glaseri ◽  
Significant Difference

The utilization of entomopathogenic nematodes is an example of the uses of an environmentally friendly biological agent. Entomopathogenic nematodes of the family Steinernematidae and Hetrorhabditidae are very potential to control insect pests. The purpose of this study was to study the pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (all strains) as a biological control against Plutella xylostella. This research includes 2 stages, namely the preparation stage and laboratory experiments. The experimental design in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of six treatments and three replications. The treatments tested were entomopathogenic nematode concentrations consisting of six levels: 0, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 infective juvenile per ml. The LC50 and LT50 values were calculated using Probit analysis. The results of observations of nematodes that enter the insect body and pest mortality were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), once showing a significant difference, it was then continued to the DMRT test at 5% level. Based on the results of the study, the highest pathogenicity against Plutella xylostella was Steinernema carpocapsae (all strains) when compared to Steinernema glaseri (NC) and Steinernema sp. local isolates. Resistance to Steinernema carpocapsae (all strains) and the LC50 value were determined by the age of Plutella xylostella larvae. The bigger and older the larvae, the more its resistance to Steinernema carpocapsae (All strains) and the LC50 value. The number of entomopathogenic nematodes that enter the body of Plutella xylostella increased with increasing length of contact time.Penggunaan nematoda entomopatogen merupakan salah satu pemanfaatan agensia hayati yang ramah lingkungan. Nematoda entomopatogen dari famili Steinernematidae dan Hetrorhabditidae sangat potensial untuk mengendalikan serangga hama. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari patogenisitas nematoda entomopatogen Steinernema carpocapsae (all strain) sebagai pengendali hayati terhadap hama Plutella xylostella. Penelitian ini meliputi 2 tahap yaitu tahap persiapan dan percobaan laboratorium. Rancangan percobaan pada penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri enam perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang diujikan adalah konsentrasi nematoda entomopatogen yang terdiri enam taraf: 0, 8, 16, 32, 64 dan 128 infektif juvenile/ml. Nilai LC50 dan LT50 dihitung menggunakan analisis probit. Hasil pengamatan nematoda yang masuk dalam tubuh serangga dan mortalitas hama dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA), apabila menunjukkan beda nyata dilanjutkan uji DMRT taraf 5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, patogenisitas tertinggi terhadap Plutella xylostella adalah Steinernema carpocapsae (all strain) bila dibandingkan dengan Steinernema glaseri (NC) dan Steinernema sp. isolat lokal. Ketahanan terhadap Steinernema carpocapsae (All strain) dan nilai LC50 ditentukan umur larva Plutella xylostella. Semakin besar dan tua umur larva, ketahanan terhadap Steinernema carpocapsae (All strain) dan nilai LC50 juga semakin meningkat. Jumlah nematoda entomopatogen yang masuk kedalam tubuh Plutella xylostella semakin banyak seiring dengan bertambah lamanya waktu kontak.

scholarly journals Characterization of symbiotic and associated bacteria from entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis sp. (nematode: Heterorhabditidae) isolated from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Pervez ◽  
Showkat Ahmad Lone ◽  
Sasmita Pattnaik
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Molecular Approaches

Abstract Background Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) harboring symbiotic bacteria are one of the safest alternatives to the chemical insecticides for the control of various insect pests. Infective juveniles of EPNs locate a target insect, enter through the openings, and reach the hemocoel, where they release the symbiotic bacteria and the target gets killed by the virulence factors of the bacteria. Photorhabdus with Heterorhabditis spp. are well documented; little is known about the associated bacteria. Main body In this study, we explored the presence of symbiotic and associated bacteria from Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 09) and characterized by phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular approaches. Six bacterial isolates, belonging to four different genera, were recovered and identified as follows: Photorhabdus luminescens, one each strain of Providencia vermicola, Pseudomonas entomophila, Alcaligenes aquatilis, and two strains of Alcaligenes faecalis based on the phenotypic, biochemical criteria and the sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Conclusion P. luminescens is symbiotically associated with Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 09), whereas P. vermicola, P. entomophila, A. aquatilis, and A. faecalis are the associated bacteria. Further studies are needed to determine the exact role of the bacterial associates with the Heterorhabditis sp.

scholarly journals Synthesis and biological activities of two camptothecin derivatives against Spodoptera exigua

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulai Yang ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Lan Zhang ◽  
Yanning Zhang ◽  
Liangang Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topoisomerase I ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Compound A ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Insecticidal Activities

AbstractCamptothecin (CPT), a natural alkaloid isolated from Camptotheca acuminata Decne, is found to show potential insecticidal activities with unique action mechanisms by targeting at DNA-topoisomease I (Top1) complex and inducing cell apoptosis. To improve the efficacy against insect pests, two camptothecin (CPT) derivatives were synthesized through introducing two functional groups, 2-nitroaminoimidazoline and 1-chloro-2-isocyanatoethane by esterification reaction. The insecticidal activities of these two derivatives were evaluated at contact toxicity, cytotoxicity and topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitory activities comparing with CPT and hydroxyl-camptothecin (HCPT). Results showed that compound a, synthesized by introducing 2-nitroaminoimidazoline to CPT, apparently increased contact toxicity to the third larvae of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, and cytotoxicity to IOZCAS-Spex-II cells isolated from S. exigua. However, the inhibition on DNA relaxation activity of Top1 was reduced to less than 5 percentage even at high concentrations (50 and 100 μM). For introducing 1-chloro-2-isocyanatoethane to HCPT, the contact toxicity, cytotoxicity and Top1 inhibitory activity of synthesized compound b were increased significantly compared to CPT and HCPT. These results suggested that both synthesized compounds possessed high efficacy against S. exigua by targeting at Top1 (compound b) or novel mechanism of action (compound a).

scholarly journals Bacteria from the Midgut of Common Cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha L.) Larvae Exhibiting Antagonistic Activity Against Bacterial Symbionts of Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Isolation and Molecular Identification

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Skowronek ◽  
Ewa Sajnaga ◽  
Małgorzata Pleszczyńska ◽  
Waldemar Kazimierczak ◽  
Magdalena Lis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Reca Gene ◽  
Melolontha Melolontha ◽  
Insect Gut

The mechanisms of action of the complex including entomopathogenic nematodes of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis and their mutualistic partners, i.e., bacteria Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, have been well explained, and the nematodes have been commercialized as biological control agents against many soil insect pests. However, little is known regarding the nature of the relationships between these bacteria and the gut microbiota of infected insects. In the present study, 900 bacterial isolates that were obtained from the midgut samples of Melolontha melolontha larvae were screened for their antagonistic activity against the selected species of the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus. Twelve strains exhibited significant antibacterial activity in the applied tests. They were identified based on 16S rRNA and rpoB, rpoD, or recA gene sequences as Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Citrobacter murliniae, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Chryseobacterium lathyri, Chryseobacterium sp., Serratia liquefaciens, and Serratia sp. The culture filtrate of the isolate P. chlororaphis MMC3 L3 04 exerted the strongest inhibitory effect on the tested bacteria. The results of the preliminary study that are presented here, which focused on interactions between the insect gut microbiota and mutualistic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes, show that bacteria inhabiting the gut of insects might play a key role in insect resistance to entomopathogenic nematode pressure.

scholarly journals Intraspecific variation among isolates of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae from Bull Island, Ireland

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Downes ◽  
Conor Meade ◽  
Stephen Boyle ◽  
Alec Rolston ◽  
Thomae Kakouli-Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Host Insect ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Control Insect

AbstractThe application of large numbers of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) to control insect pests of agriculture is likely to have an impact on the local EPN fauna, yet little is known about the intraspecific relationships between EPN populations, particularly with regard to phylogeny and outbreeding. Here we assess the fitness, with regards to fecundity, host insect mortality and time taken to produce progeny, of isolates of Steinernema feltiae from Bull Island, Ireland. Exon-primed, intron-crossing (EPIC) PCR was used to examine intraspecific phylogenies between S. feltiae isolates, and identified up to three possible colonisation events of Bull Island. EPIC-PCR grouped two isolates, 33.D.(2) and 59.F.(2), separately from the remaining ten S. feltiae isolates These same two isolates consistently performed poorly in all fitness assessments. Following the crossbreeding of all isolates in Galleria mellonella, the number of host cadavers exhibiting emerging infective juveniles was significantly fewer than expected and there were significant differences between isolates in the number of days until progeny were observed. Host insect mortality varied between 40 and 87%. Such intraspecific variation may be a result of adaptation to different microhabitats of Bull Island, which in turn may be accentuated by laboratory culture practices.

scholarly journals PENGARUH TEKNIK BUDIDAYA KUBIS TERHADAP DIVERSITAS ARTHROPODA DAN INTENSITAS SERANGAN Plutella xylostella L. (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDAE)

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Syarief
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Agrotis Ipsilon ◽  
Diadegma Semiclausum ◽  
Solenopsis Geminata ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Chrysodeixis Chalcites ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di desa Balung Lor, kecamatan Balung, kabupaten Jember, selama tiga bulan dimulai September sampai dengan Nopember 2013, bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik budidaya kubis terhadap diversitas arthropoda dan intensitas serangan P. xylostella L. Indeks keanekaragaman arthropoda dianalisis menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman Shanon-Wiener (H'), indeks domonansi  Simpson (D) dan indeks kemerataan jenis (E). Untuk membedakan  intensitas serangan P. xylostella L.   menggunakan       uji T pada taraf 5%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini sebagai berikut: diversitas arthropoda pada agroekosistem kubis yang dibudidayakan secara organik maupun konvensional menunjukkan jumlah kelas, ordo, famili dan spesies yang sama yaitu dua kelas,  tujuh ordo, empat belas famili dan enam belas spesies. Status dalam jaring makanan meliputi hama terdiri atas sembilan spesies yaitu Oxya chinensis (Orthoptera: Acrididae), P. xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), Agrotis ipsilon Hufnage (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Crocidolomia pavonana Zell. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Myzus persicae Sulz. (Homoptera: Aphididae), Spodoptera litura F.( Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Chrysodeixis chalcites Esp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Gryllus assimilis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) dan Phyllotretta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomilidae). Lima spesies predator meliputi: Leptogaster sp (Diptera: Asilidae), Oxyopes javanus (Araneae: Oxyopidae), Lycosa sp. (Araneae: Lycosidae), Mantis religeosa (Araneae: Mantidae) dan Solenopsis geminata F. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), satu parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum Hellen.  (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) dan satu detrivora Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). Jumlah individu hama, predator, parasitoid maupun detrivora pada agroekosistem kubis yang dibudidayakan secara organik menunjukkan lebih besar dibanding konvensional. Indeks diversitas arthropoda pada teknik budidaya organik lebih tinggi dibanding konvensional. Intensitas serangan  P. xylostella F. pada teknik budidaya organik dibanding konvensional menunjukkan berbeda tidak nyata.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Konsentrasi Lethal dan Waktu Lethal Insektisida Botani Terhadap Ulat Bawang (Spodoptera exigua) di Laboratorium

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Ahsol Hasyim ◽  
Wiwin Setiawati ◽  
Liferdi Lukman ◽  
Luluk Sutji Marhaeni
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Botanical Insecticide ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Third Instar Larva

<p><strong>[Evaluation of Lethal Concentration and Lethal Time of Botanical Insecticide Against Beet Armyworm (<em>Spodoptera exigua</em>) in The Laboratory]</strong></p><p>Pemanfaatan insektisida botani merupakan salah satu pilihan untuk mengendalikan serangan hama Spodoptera exigua yang ramah lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menetapkan konsentrasi sublethal dan waktu prolethal insektisida botani terhadap larva instar ketiga S. exigua di laboratorium. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Entomologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran di Lembang ( ± 1.250 m dpl.), mulai bulan Mei sampai Desember 2015. Penelitian menggunakan metode pencelupan serangga. Mortalitas larva S. exigua diamati mulai 1, 3, 6, dan 12 jam setelah perlakuan dan diulang setiap 24 jam sampai 96 jam. Data mortalitas larva diolah menggunakan analisis probit untuk menetapkan nilai LC50 dan LT50. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mortalitas larva S. exigua paling tinggi terjadi pada saat 96 jam setelah perlakuan ekstrak bintaro (85,0%), diikuti oleh ekstrak akar tuba (82,5%), dan yang terendah diperoleh dari hasil aplikasi ekstrak huni yang hanya dapat mematikan larva S. exigua sebesar 57%. Dari lima ekstrak tumbuhan tersebut, nilai LC50 terendah diperoleh dari ekstrak daun bintaro (1.002,67 ppm), diikuti oleh ekstrak daun akar tuba (1.256,07 ppm), ekstrak kirinyuh (1.304,37 ppm), ekstrak suren (1.307,37 ppm), dan tertinggi diperoleh dari ekstrak huni (3.316,06 ppm). Waktu kematian 50% (LT50) S. exigua yang terpendek terjadi pada 33,50 jam dengan fiducial limit 23,24 – 48,42 jam untuk ekstrak daun akar tuba, sedangkan waktu kematian 50% (LT50) S. exigua yang terpanjang diperoleh dari ekstrak daun huni, yaitu 136,52 jam dengan fiducial limit 76,47 – 234,51 jam. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa insektisida botani menunjukkan efikasi yang tinggi terhadap larva S. exigua sehingga dapat direkomendasikan sebagai komponen untuk pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT).</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Bawang merah;  Mortalitas; Insektisida botani; LC50; LT50 </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Utilization of botanical pesticides is one option of environmentally friendly methods to control the attack of Spodoptera exigua . The objective of this study was to evaluate of lethal concentration and lethal time of plant extracts as botanical insecticide against third instar larva of beet armyworm, S. exigua under laboratory condition. The experiment was conducted at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute at Lembang (±1,250 m asl.), from May to December 2015. Insect dipping method was used in this research. Mortality of S. exigua larvae was observed at 1,3,6, and 12 hours after exposures to the plant extracts and repeated every 24 hours up to 96 hours of exposures. The results of the experiments showed that at 96 hours post treatment, the highest mortality (85.0%) of the S. exigua larvae was caused by sea mango extract followed by Derris leaf extract (82.5%) and the lowest mortality of S. exigua larvae (57%) was obtained from spreng extract. The lowest LC50 from five of the extracts of botanical insecticide derived from sea mango leaf extract (1,002.67 ppm) followed by Derris leaf extract (1,256.07 ppm), Eupatorium leaf extract (1,304.37 ppm), Toona leaf extract (1,307.37 ppm), and the highest LC50 derived from spreng leaf extract (3,316.06 ppm). The shortest of the mean lethal time 50 (LT50) values of S. exigua was 33.50 hours obtained from Derris leaf extract with fiducial limits 23.24–48.42 while the longest of the mean (LT50) values of S. exigua was 136.52 hours obtained Spreng leaf extract with fiducial limits 76.47–234.51 hours. The botanicals insecticides were proven to be effective against S. exigua larvae, so it can be recommended to be used as components for integrated pest management (IPM).</p>

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