scholarly journals KARAKTER PERTUMBUHAN, KETAHANAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT, DAN KADAR NIKOTIN BEBERAPA GALUR TEMBAKAU TEMANGGUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
FATKHUR ROCHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Tobacco Cultivation ◽  
Consumer Tastes

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Pergeseran selera konsumen ke arah rokok ringan semakin nyata,<br />sehingga dirasa perlu memiliki galur-galur tembakau temanggung dengan<br />kadar nikotin rendah dan mutu sesuai dengan selera konsumen. Tembakau<br />temanggung memiliki kadar nikotin yang sangat tinggi (7,8%). Selain<br />kadar nikotin, kendala utama budi daya tembakau temanggung adalah<br />adanya penyakit tular tanah yang disebabkan oleh kompleks nematoda<br />Meloidogyne spp,  bakteri Ralstonia  solanacearum, dan  jamur<br />Phytophthora nicotianae yang dikenal dengan nama ‘penyakit lincat”.<br />Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh galur tembakau temanggung<br />dengan kadar nikotin lebih rendah dari varietas yang sudah ada (Kemloko<br />1 dan Kemloko 2), mutu sesuai untuk konsumen, dan toleran terhadap<br />penyakit utama. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Februari sampai<br />Oktober 2009, di Desa Gandurejo, Kecamatan Bulu, Kabupaten<br />Temanggung pada lahan tegal endemik tiga patogen dengan ketinggian<br />tempat + 800 m dpl. Bahan penelitian terdiri atas tujuh genotipe F6 hasil<br />persilangan antara tembakau temanggung dan tembakau oriental. Masing-<br />masing genotipe ditanam sebanyak 520 tanaman. Seleksi pertama<br />dilakukan berdasarkan kriteria: tidak terserang penyakit, memiliki lebih<br />dari 18 daun, ukuran daun sedang sampai besar, morfologi mirip daun<br />tembakau  temanggung, dan  disenangi  petani. Hasil  penelitian<br />menunjukkan bahwa dari 2.436 tanaman yang tidak diserang penyakit<br />(berasal dari tujuh genotipe) secara visual terpilih 302 tanaman.<br />Berdasarkan ukuran daun, dari 302 tanaman terpilih tersebut diperoleh 40<br />genotipe. Keempat puluh genotipe tersebut dievaluasi pada tahap<br />berikutnya. Kadar nikotin semua galur berkisar 1,34-5,22% dan galur yang<br />memiliki rata-rata kadar nikotin terendah adalah genotipe hasil persilangan<br />antara Kemloko 1 dan Xanthi Yacca.<br />Kata kunci: persilangan, Nicotiana tabacum, kadar nikotin, tembakau<br />oriental, tembakau temanggung</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />A shift in consumer tastes toward lighter cigarette has led to finding<br />of low nicotine content of temanggung tobacco with the quality suitable to<br />consumer preferences. The nicotine content of temanggung tobacco is very<br />high, which can reach 7.8%. One of the main problem of temanggung<br />tobacco cultivation is soil born diseases caused by complexity of<br />nematodes Meloidogyne spp, Ralstonia solanacearum, and the fungi<br />Phytophthora nicotianae which is known as “lincat”. The research aimed<br />at obtaining hybrid lines of temanggung tobacco with nicotine levels lower<br />than the existing varieties (Kemloko 1 and Kemloko 2), quality suitable to<br />consumers preferences, and tolerant to the main diseases. The experiment<br />was conducted from February to Oktober 2009 in Gandurejo Village Bulu<br />Subdistrict, Temanggung District, on the dry land endemic pathogens with<br />altitude about 800 m asl. Research material consisted of 7 genotypes F6<br />from hybridization between temanggung and orient tobacco, and 5 parental<br />varieties. As many as 520 crops of each genotype were planted. First<br />selection was done based on the criteria: free from disease, having &gt; 18<br />leaves, medium to big leaf size, and farmers’ favorite. The results showed<br />that from 2,436 healthy plants (derived from 7 genotypes) were visually<br />selected for 302 plants. From the second selection based on leaf size from<br />the 302 plants obtained 40 genotypes. The forty genotypes were<br />evaluated/screened at later stage. Nicotine content ranged from 1.07 to<br />5.22% and the lowest nicotine content was derived from crosses between<br />Kemloko 1 and Xanthi Yacca.<br />Key words: hybrid progenies, Nicotiana tabacum, nicotine content,<br />orient tobacco, temanggung tobacco</p>

scholarly journals GALUR HARAPAN TEMBAKAU TEMANGGUNG PRODUKSI TINGGI DAN TAHAN PENYAKIT LINCAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
FATKHUR ROCHMAN ◽  
SUWARSO SUWARSO ◽  
A.S. MURDIYATI A.S. MURDIYATI
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Tobacco Cultivation ◽  
Grade Index ◽  
Moderately Resistant

ABSTRAK<br />Masalah  utama  tembakau  Temanggung  adalah  rendahnya<br />produktivitas yang disebabkan oleh mundurnya daya dukung lahan karena<br />erosi dan endemi penyakit lincat (kompleks nematoda Meloidogyne spp,<br />bakteri Ralstonia solanacearum, dan cendawan Phytophthora nicotianae).<br />Saat ini telah diperoleh enam galur hasil persilangan dari varietas Sindoro<br />1 (moderat tahan terhadap Ralstonia solanacearum tetapi rentan terhadap<br />Meloidogyne spp. dan sangat rentan terhadap Phytophthora nicotianae)<br />dengan tembakau virginia yang tahan terhadap ketiga patogen tersebut.<br />Evaluasi terhadap hasil, indeks mutu, indeks tanaman dan ketahanan<br />terhadap ketiga patogen telah dilakukan di 3 lokasi selama tiga tahun<br />dengan rancangan acak kelompok tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian<br />menunjukkan bahwa ada dua galur harapan yaitu (1) Galur A dengan rata-<br />rata produktivitas : 0,880 ton rajangan kering per ha dan indeks mutu<br />40,28 indeks tanaman 35,47 dan kadar nikotin 5,52%. Produktivitas galur<br />A meningkat 48,08%, indeks mutu meningkat 4,87% dan indeks tanaman<br />meningkat 53,73% serta kadar nikotin menurun 15,06% dibanding varietas<br />standar. Galur A memiliki sifat moderat tahan terhadap bakteri Ralstonia<br />solanacearum dan toleran terhadap nematoda Meloidogyne spp. (2) Galur<br />E dengan rata-rata produktivitas : 0,869 ton rajangan kering per ha, indeks<br />mutu 36,01 indeks tanaman 31,87 dan kadar nikotin 6,00%. Produktivitas<br />galur E meningkat 46,23%, indeks mutu menurun 6,25% dan indeks<br />tanaman meningkat 38,12% serta kadar nikotin menurun 2,56% dibanding<br />varietas standar. Galur E memiliki sifat moderat tahan terhadap bakteri<br />Ralstonia solanacearum dan toleran terhadap nematoda Meloidogyne spp.<br />Kata kunci : Tembakau,  Nicotiana  tabacum,  Temanggung, galur<br />harapan, Ralstonia solanacearum, Meloidogyne spp,<br />Phytophthora nicotianae, lahan lincat, Jawa Timur<br />ABSTRACT<br />Temanggung tobacco promising lines with high producti-<br />vity and resistant to lincat diseased<br />The main problem in Temanggung tobacco cultivation is low<br />productivity which is caused by increasing land erosion and invasion of<br />endemic disease called ‘lincat’. Lincat is a disease caused by a complex<br />invasion of three pathogens i.e. Meloidogyne spp. (root-knot nematode),<br />Ralstonia solanacearum (bacteria) and Phytophthora nicotianae (fungus).<br />Hybridization between variety Sindoro 1 (moderately resistant to R.<br />solanacearum but susceptible to Meloidogyne spp. and highly susceptible<br />to P. nicotianae) and virginia tobacco (resistant to these three pathogens)<br />has resulted in six lines. These lines were planted in three locations for 3<br />years and were evaluated for their yield, grade index, crop index, and<br />resistance intensity to these three pathogens, using randomized block<br />design with 3 replications. Two promising lines were resulted from this<br />evaluation i.e. (1) Line A, that has productivity of tobacco sliced : 0.880<br />ton per hectare, grade index: 40.28 crop index: 35.47 and nicotine content:<br />5.52%. In comparison to standard variety, the productivity, grade index,<br />and crop index of this line increased of 48.08%, 4.87%, and 53.73%,<br />respectively, and nicotine content decreased of 15.06%. Moreover, this<br />line is moderately resistant to R. solanacearum and tolerant to<br />Meloidogyne spp. (2) Line E, that has productivity of tobacco sliced:<br />0.869 ton per hectare, grade index: 36.01 crop index: 31.87 and nicotine<br />content: 6.00%. This line also has increase productivity, and crop index of<br />46.23% 38.12%, respectively, and has decrease grade index and nicotine<br />content of 6.25% and 2.56%, respectively compared to standard variety.<br />This line is moderately resistant to R. solanacearum and tolerant to<br />Meloidogyne spp.<br />Key words : Tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, Temanggung, promising line,<br />Ralstonia solanacearum, Meloidogyne spp., Phytophthora<br />nicotianae, lincat land, East Jav

scholarly journals NtRNF217, Encoding a Putative RBR E3 Ligase Protein of Nicotiana tabacum, Plays an Important Role in the Regulation of Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5507
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Yuanman Tang ◽  
Xi Tan ◽  
Wei Ding
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
E3 Ligase ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Resistance To Ralstonia Solanacearum

E3 ubiquitin ligases, the most important part of the ubiquitination process, participate in various processes of plant immune response. RBR E3 ligase is one of the E3 family members, but its functions in plant immunity are still little known. NtRNF217 is a RBR E3 ligase in tobacco based on the sequence analysis. To assess roles of NtRNF217 in tobacco responding to Ralstonia solanacearum, overexpression experiments in Nicotiana tabacum (Yunyan 87, a susceptible cultivar) were performed. The results illuminated that NtRNF217-overexpressed tobacco significantly reduced multiplication of R. solanacearum and inhibited the development of disease symptoms compared with wild-type plants. The accumulation of H2O2 and O2− in NtRNF217-OE plants was significantly higher than that in WT-Yunyan87 plants after pathogen inoculation. The activities of CAT and SOD also increased rapidly in a short time after R. solanacearum inoculation in NtRNF217-OE plants. What is more, overexpression of NtRNF217 enhanced the transcript levels of defense-related marker genes, such as NtEFE26, NtACC Oxidase, NtHIN1, NtHSR201, and NtSOD1 in NtRNF217-OE plants after R. solanacearum inoculation. The results suggested that NtRNF217 played an important role in regulating the expression of defense-related genes and the antioxidant enzymes, which resulted in resistance to R. solanacearum infection.

Phytophthora nicotianae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Ornamental Crops ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Phytophthora nicotianae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Principally Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum, Capsicum annuum and Citrus sp. A very large number of other agricultural and ornamental crops, both temperate and tropical, are also affected, including avocado, strawberry, pineapple, papaya, guava, eggplant and durian. DISEASE: Blackshank of tobacco, buckeye of tomato, root and fruit rot of capsicum, root rot of citrus. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide, but particularly common in the tropics and sub-tropics. TRANSMISSION: By zoospores in surface water and rainsplash. Chlamydospores (and oospores, when formed) act as perennating structures.

scholarly journals Rootstock-Scion Interaction Affects the Composition and Pathogen Inhibitory Activity of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Root Exudates

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1652
Author(s):  
Cheng-Sheng Zhang ◽  
Yanfen Zheng ◽  
Lijuan Peng ◽  
Jianmin Cao
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Root Exudate ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Black Shank ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Disease Induction ◽  
Resistant Rootstock ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

The composition and allelopathy to Phytophthora nicotianae (the causal agent of tobacco black shank disease) of root exudates from a resistant tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar Gexin 3, a susceptible cultivar Xiaohuangjin 1025 and their reciprocal grafts were investigated. Grafting with disease-resistant rootstock could improve resistance to black shank; this is closely related to the allelopathy of root exudates. The root exudates from the resistant cultivar inhibited the growth of P. nicotianae, while those from the susceptible cultivar promoted the growth; the grafting varieties had intermediate properties. The root exudate composition differed among cultivars. Gexin 3 was rich in esters and fatty acids, while Xiaohuangjin 1025 contained more hydrocarbons and phenolic acids. The composition of root exudates of grafted cultivars as well as their allelopathy to P. nicotianae were altered, and tended to be close to the composition of cultivar used as rootstock. Eugenol, 4-tert-butylphenol, mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, dipropyl phthalate, and methyl myristate were identified as the main compounds contributing to inhibitory properties of root exudates. Sorbitol was suggested to play a role in disease induction. Overall, rootstock–scion interaction affected the composition of tobacco root exudates, which may be attributed to the different disease resistance among grafted plants, rootstock and scion.

Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Root-Knot Nematodes Control in Tobacco Transplant Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 2071-2074
Author(s):  
Cheng Sheng Zhang ◽  
Fan Yu Kong ◽  
Yu Qin Zhang ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Plant Vigor ◽  
Methyl Bromide Alternatives ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Metham Sodium

Field studies were conducted to evaluate potential methyl bromide alternatives against nematods in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Metham-sodium and dazomet were evaluated respectively under a polyethylene cover as alternatives for methyl bromide in tobacco transplant production over a two-year period (2009-2010). One genera or species of nematodes, tobacco root-knot nematod (Meloidogyne spp.), was evaluated in Qingzhou, Shandong province of China. All of the fumigant candidates were successful in controlling the pest. Another Parameter, plant vigor, was measured too. Metham-sodium 60g/m2, dazomet 80g/m2 and methyl bromide were not significantly different (P=0.05) from each other in the parameters evaluated. Results of this study indicate that Metham-sodium and dazomet are potential methyl bromide alternatives available to growers for use in tobacco parasite nematods control.

scholarly journals KETAHANAN DELAPAN KULTIVAR TEMBAKAU LOKAL BONDOWOSO TERHADAP TIGA PATOGEN PENTING (Ralstonia solanacearum, Pectobacterium carotovorum, DAN Phytophthora nicotianae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
TITIEK YULIANTI ◽  
NURUL HIDAYAH ◽  
SRI YULAIKAH
Keyword(s):  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Pectobacterium Carotovorum ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
Screen House

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Tembakau bondowoso merupakan tembakau lokal rajangan yang<br />berkembang di Kabupaten Bondowoso, Jawa Timur. Saat ini ada delapan<br />kultivar dengan karakter produksi, mutu, dan ketahanannya terhadap<br />penyakit yang berbeda. Layu bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum), busuk<br />batang berlubang (Pectobacterium carotovorum), dan lanas (Phytophthora<br />nicotianae) merupakan penyakit yang sering menyebabkan turunnya<br />produksi tembakau bondowoso. Evaluasi ketahanan delapan kultivar<br />tembakau bondowoso (Samporis, Serumpung, Marakot, Samporis Lokal,<br />Samporis AH, Samporis CH, Samporis B. Disbun, dan Deli) terhadap<br />ketiga patogen tersebut dilaksanakan di laboratorium dan rumah kasa Balai<br />Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat (Balittas) mulai bulan April sampai<br />dengan Oktober 2011. Penelitian terhadap ketiga patogen tersebut<br />dilakukan secara terpisah. Masing-masing kultivar ditanam sebanyak 10<br />tanaman, 1 tanaman/polibag. Setiap perlakuan (kultivar) diulang 3 kali dan<br />disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Inokulasi R.<br />solanacearum dan P. carotovorum dilakukan secara terpisah 24 jam<br />sebelum transplanting. Inokulasi P. nicotianae dilakukan dengan dua cara,<br />yaitu melalui akar dan pangkal batang. Inokulasi akar sama dengan cara<br />inokulasi bakteri. Inokulasi pangkal batang dilakukan pada tanaman<br />berumur 2 minggu setelah transplanting. Pengamatan intensitas penyakit<br />dilakukan setiap minggu selama 11 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan<br />bahwa kultivar Samporis CH, Samporis, dan Deli tahan terhadap P.<br />carotovorum, R. solanacearum, dan P. nicotianae. Kultivar Samporis CH.,<br />Samporis, dan Deli ketahanannya lebih tinggi terhadap ketiga patogen,<br />dengan intensitas penyakit berkisar antara 3,3%-6,7%. Kultivar Marakot<br />sangat rentan terhadap ketiga patogen tersebut dengan tingkat keparahan ≥<br />50%. Demikian pula kultivar Samporis AH yang rentan terhadap R.<br />solanacearum, P. nicotianae dan P. carotovorum dengan intensitas<br />penyakit 23,3-53,3%. Oleh karena itu, kultivar Samporis CH, Samporis,<br />dan Deli cocok dikembangkan pada lahan endemik penyakit tular tanah di<br />Kabupaten Bondowoso.<br />Kata kunci: tembakau  bondowoso, Pectobacterium  carotovorum<br />Phytophthora  nicotianae, Ralstonia  solanacearum,<br />ketahanan</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Bondowoso tobacco is a local type of sliced tobacco which is<br />restrictedly cultivated in Bondowoso Regency, East Java. There are eight<br />cultivars known, ie. Samporis, Serumpung, Marakot, Samporis Lokal,<br />Samporis AH, Samporis CH, Samporis B. Disbun, and Deli with their own<br />distinctive characters on their production, quality, and resistance to<br />diseases. Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum), hollow stalk rot<br />(Pectobacterium carotovorum), and blackshank (Phytophthora nicotianae<br />are the main cause of bondowoso tobacco production loss. Evaluation on<br />the resistance level of the cultivars to the three pathogens above has been<br />conducted at a laboratory and screen house scale in Indonesian Sweetener<br />and Fibre Crops Research Institute from April to October 2011. The<br />evaluation of each pathogen was conducted separately. Each evaluation of<br />the pathogen per cultivar used 10 plants planted individually in a polybag.<br />The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 3<br />replicates. R. solanacearum and P. carotovorum were separately<br />inoculated on the test plants 24 h before transplanting. The inoculation of<br />P. nicotianae was done twice via the root and stem. Disease intensity was<br />observed weekly for 11 weeks. The results showed that Samporis CH,<br />Samporis, and Deli cultivars were resistant to P. carotovorum, R.<br />solanacearum and P. nicotianae, whereas Samporis and Deli cultivars<br />were more resistant to the pathogens (disease intensity ranged 3.3-6.7%).<br />Marakot cultivar was very susceptible to all of the three pathogens (disease<br />intensity ≥ 50%). Similarly, Samporis AH cultivar was also susceptible to<br />the pathogens with disease intensity ranged 23.3-53.3%. The study<br />indicated that Samporis CH, Samporis, and Deli cultivars are suitable to be<br />cultivated in the endemic soil born pathogen areas of Bondowoso<br />Regency.<br />Key words: bondowoso  tobacco, Pectobacterium  carotovorum,<br />Phytophthora  nicotianae, Ralstonia  solanacearum,<br />resistance</p>

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