scholarly journals ANALISIS KELAYAKAN DAN PERSPEKTIF PENGEMBANGAN PENGOLAHAN SAGU DI SULAWESI TENGGARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Zainal Abidin ◽  
Bungati ◽  
Musadar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
Break Even Point

<p><strong><em>Feasibility and Perspective Analysis of Sagu Processing Development in South Sulawesi</em></strong><em>.</em><em> </em><em>Sago starch has an important role both as a staple food and a material for making various other processed food products. Sago processing can produce both wet sago and dried sago starch. The study was conducted to determine the feasibility of the sago processing business and its development perspective in Southeast Sulawesi. The study was conducted in South Konawe District in March - December 2017. Data were collected through field observations of the Biosagu Sejahtera Farmer Group in Matalamokula Village, North Moramo Sub District which has wet and dry sago production units. The data collected were the production capacity of wet sago and dry sago, the price of sago trees, the price of wet sago and dry sago, the production costs include labor costs, fuel costs, packaging costs as well as the costs of depreciation of tools and machinery. Data were analyzed using a profit equation. The results showed that the production of wet sago starch on a processing scale of 12 sago trees (1 production cycle) was feasible because it provided a profit of 7,314,000 IDR with Production-Break Even Point (PBEP) of 2,359 kg and Price BEP of 1,493 IDR and RCR value was 1.93. Likewise, dry sago production business was feasible with an RCR of 2.18; BEP from the production and price were 460 kg and 7,571 IDR respectively and provided profit of around 6,435,000 IDR. Thus the production of wet sago and dry sago can be alternative non-farm employment in rural areas. Perspective of sago processing in Southeast Sulawesi in the future is quite good due to the several supports such as availability of sago plantation area, the availability of human resources, the technology available as well as policies and regulations from the government. The demand for sago in the future will be influenced by the demand to substitute commodities that are still imported such as wheat and sugar as well as products that have a large domestic use, namely bioethanol. The development of sago in the future needs to respond to changes in demand by changing the management model with conventional management to modern technology.</em><em></em></p><p> </p><p>Tepung sagu memiliki peran penting baik sebagai bahan pangan pokok maupun sebagai bahan pembuatan berbagai produk olahan pangan lainnya. Pengolahan sagu dapat menghasilkan tepung sagu basah dan tepung sagu kering. Kajian dilakukan untuk mengetahui kelayakan usaha pengolahan sagu serta perspektif pengembangannya di Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Konawe Selatan bulan Maret – Desember tahun 2017. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi lapangan terhadap Kelompok Tani Biosagu Sejahtera Desa Matalamokula, Kecamatan Moramo Utara yang memiliki unit produksi sagu basah dan unit produksi sagu kering. Data yang dikumpulkan  adalah kapasitas produksi sagu basah dan sagu kering, harga pohon sagu, harga sagu basah dan sagu kering, biaya produksi meliputi biaya tenaga kerja, biaya bahan bakar, biaya kemasan serta biaya penyusutan alat dan mesin, analisis data dilakukan menggunakan persamaan keuntungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usaha produksi tepung sagu basah pada skala pengolahan 12 pohon sagu (1 siklus produksi) layak diusahakan karena memberikan keuntungan sebesar Rp 7.314.000, dengan nilai Titik Impas Produksi (TIP) dan Titik Impas Harga (TIH) masing-masing 2.359 kg dan Rp 1.493 serta nilai RCR sebesar 1,93. Usaha produksi sagu kering layak dilakukan dengan nilai RCR sebesar 2,18; nilai TIP dan TIH masing-masing 460 kg dan Rp 7.571 serta memberikan keuntungan sebesar Rp 6.435.000. Usaha produksi sagu basah maupun sagu kering dapat menjadi alternatif lapangan kerja <em>non farm</em> di pedesaan. Perspektif pengolahan sagu di Sulawesi Tenggara ke depan cukup baik karena ditunjang ketersediaan areal pertanaman sagu cukup luas, ketersediaan sumberdaya manusia, teknologi hingga dukungan kebijakan dan regulasi. Permintaan sagu ke depan akan dihela oleh permintaan untuk mensubstitusi komoditas-komoditas yang selama ini masih diimpor seperti gandum dan gula maupun produk yang pemanfaatannya dalam negeri cukup besar yaitu bioetanol. Pengembangan sagu juga perlu merespon perubahan-perubahan permintaan tersebut dengan mengubah model pengelolaan dengan teknologi konvensional menjadi teknologi modern.</p>

Forty years of rural reform in China: retrospect and future prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiwen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural Reform ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government

Purpose Bottlenecked by rural underdevelopment, China’s overall development is bound to be inadequate and unbalanced. Through a brief retrospect of the reform directed against the “equalitarianism (egalitarianism)” in China’s rural areas, as well as the Chinese Government’s conceptual transformation and systemic construction and improvement thereof, the purpose of this paper is to clarify the panoramic significance of rural reform; the necessity, priority, and long-term nature of the current rural development; and the important role of public policy in doing so. It also looks ahead to consider the prospects for future rural reform. Design/methodology/approach This paper first reviews the rural reforms that were carried out in 1978. Second, it introduces the government’s conceptual change regarding rural reform and the establishment and improvement of the system that underlies it. Finally, the future of rural reform is envisaged. Findings The initial rural reforms brought extensive and profound changes to China’s rural areas. The experience of rural reform has been referred to and escalated by other fields of study. Hence, rural reforms have become something of global significance. Moreover, since the government can undertake reforms well beyond the reach of farmers, its views must be modified in a timely manner, and only then may it reasonably construct and improve the system pertaining to the “three rural issues (agriculture, rural areas, and farmers).” Originality/value This paper reviews the rural reforms carried out in 1978. It introduces the government’s change of concept with respect to rural reforms and the establishment and improvement of the system based on the “three rural issues,” thus looking forward to the future of rural reforms. The findings of this paper are of significance to the formulation of future agricultural policies.

scholarly journals A Study on the Impact of Schemes and Programmes of Government of India on Agriculture to Increase Productivity, Profitability, Financial Inclusion, and Welfare of Farmers to Transform them into Modern Society

2021 ◽  
pp. 231-243
Author(s):  
Mahesh K. M. ◽  
P. S. Aithal ◽  
Sharma K. R. S.
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The foremost intent of this research article is to create awareness about various schemes for the productive sector of agriculture. Through this study, the level of performance of these agricultural schemes and programmes were analysed that will be helpful for the attainment of financial inclusion. Hence it is necessary to know about various schemes and their making to connect the beneficiaries. Agriculture is the basic source of food supply, production, processing, promotion and distribution. Agricultural products contribute to Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P.) and generate employment in rural areas. They transform the lives of the farmers in modern society. The government of India has introduced Minimum Support Price (MPS), MIF, PMKSY, PMFBY, e-NAM, PM-KISAN, PMJDY, PM-KUSUM, PKVY, NAMS, and MGNREGS. The mobile app KisanSuvidha and innovative programmes like Kisan Rail, KrishiUdaan double the farmers’ Income (DFI). These help in transforming village economy, coverage of irrigation, crop insurance, and stabilizing the income. They also ensure financial support, flow of credit and Direct Benefit transfer of subsidies and funds to beneficiaries. Adopting modern technology, farm-based activity, poultry, dairy, forestry, beekeeping and with the support of SHGs which will directly impact productivity, profitability, financial inclusion, and the welfare of farmers in the 21st century and development of the country’s economy. Design/ methodology/approaches: This study is all about the theoretical concepts based on analysis of various schemes and interconnect. Findings and results: This study reveals that the effectiveness of various agricultural programs and also identifies the benefits and beneficiaries of these schemes. Under this research, various financial services, subsidies, funds released, online platform for agricultural products, funds for micro-irrigation, and so on benefits provided by the government of India were studied. Originality/value: Analysed the various schemes and compelled its beneficiaries and develop a modern to achieve financial inclusion and economic growth through the study. Type of Paper: Research Analysis.

scholarly journals PERANCANGAN AWAL PABRIK BIOHIDROGEN DARI LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN FERMENTASI ANAEROBIK PADA KONDISI TERMOFILIK

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Bambang Trisakti ◽  
Irvan ◽  
Hari Tiarasti ◽  
Irma Suraya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Net Income ◽  
The Government ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
Product Sales

Indonesia has a lot of natural resources which is deficient to fulfill the energy demand of consumers, particularly fuel. Therefore, the government keeps on promoting the search for alternative energy. One of these is hydrogen. Hydrogen is an environmental friendly product that does not produce carbon emissions. In the formation of hydrogen we can use carbohydrate-rich waste as a raw material and by using fermentation process. However, it is still limited research only. So this encourage us to design biohydrogen plant from palm oil mill effluent (POME) with the conditions of thermophilic anaerobic fermentation in order to accomplish the needs of consumers and contribute in developing clean technologies. For the production capacity of 495.1694 tons / year, the total investment required to build a factory of biohydrogen in Indonesia is Rp. 507,190,573,523, - with a total production cost of Rp. 354,636,600,139, -. Parameter feasibility of the production capacity of 495.1694 tons / year is the total product sales of Rp 174,261,989.701, - and net income 180,030,185,327, -. Profit Margin (PM) 41.9% Break Even Point (BEP) 45.24%, Return on Investment (ROI) 35.5%, Pay Out Time (POT) 2.82 years, Return of Network (RON) 59.16%, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 53.52 %.

A STUDY ON DROPOUTS OF SCHEDULED TRIBE STUDENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Balaji
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
The Future ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
Social Agencies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Higher Secondary Education

Even though government proposed many policies, the higher secondary schools students face many problems, particularly the students of ST higher secondary schools located in rural areas, students face many problems, to get their higher secondary education and those problems are focused on various aspects such as Environmental, Economical, Familial, Social and School. All these aspects are considered as basic factors which influence the various problems of ST students studying in schools located in rural areas. If downtrodden groups ST students problems are to be solved, their problems must be first identified and then teachers, parents, government and social agencies must show much attention on student’s problems so that their educational status may be enhanced. The problems free students will be pioneer for the future student’s development. If the downtrodden groups of ST student’s problems are not recognized by the government and school authorities, there is a possibility of devastating the young student’s life and thereby they may enter in antisocial activities/delinquent activities in the society and schools. Moreover, if adolescent ST students don’t have educational awareness, their illiteracy, ignorance and illegal, social and moral activities will be transmitted to the younger generation and that will affect the development of the society at some extent. Therefore, it is the need of the how to identify their problems in all aspects and these problems must be solved by the authorities for their social, moral, educational and economical developments.

Part III: Future Career Intentions of Psychiatric Residents

1982 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 502-509 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Career Intentions ◽  
Psychiatric Residents ◽  
Future Career ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government

The future career intentions of more than half (N=241) the total of psychiatric residents in Canada were surveyed. General adult psychiatry continued to attract the majority of interest. A definite increase in interest in the subspecialties of child and adolescent psychiatry, geriatrics, forensics and mental retardation seemed to have occurred since 1975. There would also appear to have been an increase in interest in working in psychiatric hospitals. In contrast, a decrease in interest in the area of addictions has occurred. There were no differences found between the career intentions of male and female residents suggesting that the increase in the number of female physicians may not markedly change the pattern of practice of psychiatry in the future. Foreign medical graduates were found to be more interested in working for the government than Canadian medical graduates, thus remaining a valuable manpower resource for provincial psychiatric hospitals. A comparison with previous surveys revealed the above changes in interest as well as the worsening of the problem of maldistribution. Residents trained in smaller programs were more likely to be interested in practising in smaller towns than those trained in larger centres. These results suggest the need for postgraduate programs to emphasize training experiences in areas of manpower shortages and create opportunities for training in smaller towns and rural areas. Finally, a method for creating an ongoing data gathering system is suggested.

scholarly journals Agricultural Restructure Policy in Vietnam and Practical Application for Sustainable Development in Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Vinh Bao Ngoc ◽  
Nguyen Manh Hung ◽  
Phuong Thu Pham
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Liberalization Policy ◽  
The Impact

The Vietnam’s agricultural sector had to challenge with its course and learned lessons of further development. Novel policy might be adopted to encourage the private investments and sectors in agriculture. Furthermore, an introduction of new models such as climate-smart or green agriculture and application of modern technology increased productivity at the same time and creating jobs for millions of agricultural workers and reversing the massive rural-urban migration flux. Vietnam’s agricultural sector needs to maintain the reform momentum, particularly liberalization policy, and to boost up agricultural potential. Obstacles such as land limitation policy must be removed to enable large-scale production and encourage private investment in the agricultural sector. To avoid being trapped by its own success, Vietnam is now shifting the old development paradigm that focuses too much on the quantity to the quality of the agricultural production. The government makes major efforts to achieve at the same time agricultural growth, better livelihood of the farmer, and the development of the rural areas. However, Vietnam still needs to prepare a “transition strategy” to overcome the impact of the technological progress on the traditional agricultural workers.

scholarly journals Analisis Break Even Point Penambangan Sirtu PT. Klawafun Alam Lestari Papua Barat

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Fernando Nanlohy ◽  
Juanita R. Horman
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Papua Barat ◽  
Break Even Point

This study aims to analyze Break Even Point of mining of sirtu at PT. Klawafun Alam Lestari Provinsi Papua Barat. The method used in this research is quantitative method. Break Even Point shows the point where income is equal to cost. Intended costs are variable costs and fixed costs. Where fixed costs consist of capital costs and labor costs, while variable costs consist of production costs. From the results of data collection and calculation, the fixed cost is Rp. 9,501,158,600 and variable cost of Rp. 48,972/m3, at the selling price of sirtu Rp. 150.000/m³. From the analysis, Break Even Point of mining of sirtu is obtained when the minimum mining production reaches 94,045 m³/year with an income of Rp. 14,106,720,810.07/year.

scholarly journals The analysis of the state and development of the vegetable oil market of East Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Zh. Kh. Kazhieva ◽  
Sh. D. Zhailaubayeva
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Oilseed Processing ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
Average Annual Production

The current state and development of the oilseed market of the East Kazakhstan region, which is the country's main supplier of sunflower seeds, as well as raw materials for oil refineries, is investigated. This article analyzes the development of the oil and fat industry of East Kazakhstan region for 2015-2019 by the following indicators: gross yield of oilseeds; productivity; sown area; level of utilization of average annual production capacity. Volumes of vegetable oil production by their types, which are the main factor resources and sources of oilseed raw materials and their processing, are presented. Along with this, the main problems of the oil and fat industry of the region are identified, ways to solve them, also prospects for the development of internal and external sales markets are proposed. In order to increase the efficiency of the oil and fat industry in the region and Kazakhstan, the need for the production of high-quality raw materials, also the solution of other issues related to ensuring food security, was noted.Particularly, the formation and maintenance of the production cycle: selection - growing - storage, as well as oilseed processing. Providing state support in providing farmers with quality seeds and modern technology, monitoring the export of high-quality oilseeds, as well as stimulating the export of final products.

scholarly journals Overview and evaluation of the Indonesia's water resources management policies for food security

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Andi Setyo Pambudi
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
National Development ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
The Government

Water and water resources must be maintained by their functions and benefits to meet the needs of all sectors and future generations. One important part of sustainable water resource management that is of considerable interest to the government is irrigation which aims to achieve food security. Food security in Indonesia Development in the field of food security and poverty alleviation in rural areas is one of the leading sectors in the nine national development priority agendas contained in “Nawa Cita”. The development of food security in Indonesia faces many complex problems, such as irrigation infrastructures maintenance, regulations, land use change, population, policy implementation, coordination among stakeholders and also budget issues. The method in this study is a qualitative method through the literature review related to the management of water resources for food security in Indonesia. This paper seeks to evaluate the development irrigation policies as part of sustainable water management that supports food security in Indonesia. Literature sources are 5 main regulations, 5 papers and some government reports. To support increased food security, the direction of the Indonesian Government's policy in strengthening food security from the irrigated agricultural sector is realized through a strategy to increase production capacity and improve irrigation network services. The problem of the availability of irrigation water must be addressed quickly by upstream conservation, maximizing capacity through normalization of existing reservoirs, and continuing to build dams to have water storage containers that can accommodate planting season throughout planting. Air dan sumber daya air harus dijaga fungsi dan manfaatnya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan semua sektor dan generasi mendatang. Salah satu bagian penting dari pengelolaan sumber daya air berkelanjutan yang cukup menarik perhatian pemerintah adalah irigasi yang bertujuan untuk mencapai ketahanan pangan. Di Indonesia, pembangunan di bidang ketahanan pangan dan pengentasan kemiskinan di pedesaan merupakan salah satu sektor unggulan dalam sembilan agenda prioritas pembangunan nasional yang tertuang dalam “Nawa Cita”. Pembangunan ketahanan pangan di Indonesia menghadapi banyak masalah yang kompleks, seperti pemeliharaan infrastruktur irigasi, regulasi, perubahan penggunaan lahan, kependudukan, implementasi kebijakan, koordinasi antar pemangku kepentingan dan juga masalah anggaran. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif melalui studi pustaka terkait pengelolaan sumber daya air untuk ketahanan pangan di Indonesia. Tulisan ini berupaya mengevaluasi kebijakan pembangunan irigasi sebagai bagian dari pengelolaan air berkelanjutan yang mendukung ketahanan pangan di Indonesia. Sumber literatur adalah lima peraturan utama, lima makalah dan beberapa laporan pemerintah. Untuk mendukung peningkatan ketahanan pangan, arah kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam memperkuat ketahanan pangan dari sektor pertanian beririgasi diwujudkan melalui strategi peningkatan kapasitas produksi dan peningkatan pelayanan jaringan irigasi. Masalah ketersediaan air irigasi harus segera diatasi dengan konservasi di wilayah hulu, memaksimalkan kapasitas melalui normalisasi waduk yang ada, dan terus membangun bendungan untuk memiliki wadah penampung air yang dapat mencukupi kebutuhan pasokan sepanjang musim tanam.

An Assessment of Brazilian Shipbuilding Competitive Potential

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 114-125
Author(s):  
Floriano C. M. Pires
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Incentive Policies ◽  
The 1950S

This paper presents a brief description of the Brazilian shipbuilding industry's evolution since its implementation at the end of the 1950s. The aspects related to the protection and incentive policies are highlighted. Some elements are presented to characterize the production capacity of the main shipyards, and the structure of their global production. They are estimated and analyzed, and some indicators of labor productivity, building times, production costs and prices are given. The Brazilian industry offers low productivity levels in comparison with the main world producers, and the conditions of the shipyards at present are extremely difficult. However, the results obtained in the recent past and the low labor costs seem to indicate that Brazilian shipbuilding has some competitive potential. This potential could be activated by restructuring the companies and by an appropriate technological development policy.

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