Creating Effective Rural Policies: Rural Lenses and Their Effectiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Helps
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Relative Lack ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The Government

As part of an international trend in regional policy development towards “mainstreaming” rural issues, multiple national and regional governments have created policy lenses designed to ensure that legislation is formed with the needs of rural areas taken into account. Despite a relative lack of academic research on the effectiveness of rural lenses, the idea has been imported to multiple jurisdictions, including several Canadian provinces. This presentation will offer a comparative overview of rural lenses in jurisdictions in Europe and North America in order to achieve a better understanding of their commonalities and divergences in methods, circumstances, and effectiveness. The presentation will make use of a review of the government and academic literature conducted for an upcoming working paper by Louis Helps and Dr. Ryan Gibson. This research is the foundation of a larger project that will seek to understand the feasibility of implementing rural lenses at the provincial level in Canada.

An Evaluation of ICT Policy Developments in Botswana

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Segomotso Masegonyana Keakopa ◽  
Kelvin Joseph Bwalya
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
The Public ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
The Government ◽  
Ict Policy

This chapter provides an evaluation of ICT policy developments in Botswana. In particular, it highlights major advancements in areas of national ICT policy development and its implementation in the country. The country’s National ICT policy, Maitlamo, has been a significant factor in driving ICTs in the country. The chapter asserts that opportunities in ICT development in the country are evidenced by not only implementation of the policy but further by greater investment of financial resources by the government and the role of the private sector. Further, the chapter argues that while implementation of the national ICT policy has brought achievements in liberalisation and expansion of public services in rural areas, there are still a number of challenges to address if universal access has to be achieved. Among these are unavailability of ICT services in rural areas, high costs of the technology and the lack of public awareness on the use of technology. Proposals made at the end of the chapter call for the government to speed implementation of ICT policy, form stronger partnerships with the public sector and further balance the role of BTC vis a vis other players so that the playing field is leveled.

Redressing Gender Inequality in Employment: the National and Sub-regional Policy ‘Fit’

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally-Anne Barnes ◽  
Anne Green ◽  
Michael Orton ◽  
Jenny Bimrose
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Relative Lack ◽  
Effective Level

This article examines the ‘fit’ between policy development regarding gender inequality in employment at sub-regional and national (UK) level, in particular focusing on the experience of women. Drawing on research undertaken in Coventry and Warwickshire, the article explores the question of how policy development at sub-regional level fits with national policy, and whether the sub-region is an appropriate, or effective, level at which to develop policy on gender inequality in employment. It is argued that while there needs to be recognition of the limited ability of sub-regional policy to confront structural issues, policy development at this level does offer potential strengths in redressing both gender inequality in employment and the relative lack of a gender dimension in local economic development.

scholarly journals Una aproximación a territorios en situación de conflicto armado: perspectivas desde la Economía Solidaria con un enfoque triangulado en dos municipios del Cauca (Colombia)

2018 ◽  
pp. 179-200
Author(s):  
Malen Yudeli Solís Montenegro ◽  
Miguel Andrés Ibarra Bermúdez ◽  
Fabián Enrique Salazar Villano
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Rural Sector ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
Negotiation Processes ◽  
Conflict Condition ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

El auge de los procesos de negociación en Colombia entre el Gobierno y grupos insurgentes ha generado un amplio panorama tanto de investigación académica como de acción pública, que conlleva a la reflexión sobre las condiciones necesarias para la construcción de paz territorial en las zonas rurales del país. En tal dirección, en este documento se propone una lectura del conflicto armado desde los fundamentos y prácticas de la Economía Solidaria, y la utilización de una metodología triangulada o mixta, que incorpore las voces de los actores locales con el fin de identificar iniciativas sociales construidas de “Abajo-hacia-Arriba”, para así configurar nuevas agendas temáticas en zonas rurales como las del departamento del Cauca en Colombia, tal como se realiza aquí para dos municipios de referencia.   An approach to territories with armed conflict condition: perspectives since Solidarity Economics and triangulated approach in two municipalities of Cauca (Colombia) Abstract: The height of negotiation processes in Colombia between the Government and insurgent groups has generated a broad outlook for academic research as well as public intervention, which lead to reflect on the needed conditions for territorial peace construction in the rural areas of the country. In this regard, the document proposes an interpretation for the armed conflict since the foundations and practices of Solidarity Economics. In addition, a triangulated methodology is applied (that incorporates voices of local actors in order to identify “Bottom-up” social initiatives), in order to set up new thematic agendas in rural areas such as those of the department of Cauca in Colombia, in the way as it is done here for two reference municipalities. Keywords: Armed Conflict, Solidarity Economics, Territory, Rural Sector.

scholarly journals An exploratory case study on child sex tourism in a Pacific country: Samoa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lurlene Virginia Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Policy Advocacy ◽  
Sex Tourism ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
The Government ◽  
Embedded Case Study

<p>In 2006, The Committee of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, expressed concern about rising tourism in Samoa, and the possibility of associated sexual exploitation of local children. The Committee had recommended that the Government of Samoa devote further research to the sexual exploitation of children, including identifying its scope, and root causes. This thesis became a response to The Committee’s recommendation to Samoa. I carried this study out in Apia, Samoa (2009). It presented three research objectives as follows, 1) To report the scope of child sex tourism in Samoa, 2) To identify, and report on the root causes that contributed to child sex tourism in Samoa, and 3) To present a set of recommendations as a baseline foundation for policy, advocacy, and research. Methodology was a qualitative, single embedded case study. Data sources were mixed-method and multi-perspective, aimed at triangulation to enhance trustworthy results. Data analysis was inductive. Anecdotal evidence revealed child sex tourism is a serious problem in Samoa. Victims were girls and boys (including straight and transgendered ones), perpetrators were all male; preferential and opportunistic. The data revealed 10 root causes facilitating CST in Samoa, as follows: 1) Poverty, 2) Hospitality, 3) Philanthropic exploitation, 4) Marginalisation of boys, 5) Family under pressure, and family dysfunction, 6) Unsafe schools, 7) Ifoga, or the culture of shame, 8) Sex tourism, 9) Tourism was excused of any action, and 10) Lack of awareness about child sex tourism. Additionally, four substantial root causes were identified, as follows: 1) Complacency, 2) Attitudes toward data collection, 3) Child sex tourism had to be ‘proven’ by statistics, and 4) Perpetrators beaten and deported leading to under reporting. This was a first study in Samoa. The baseline results this study presents, are important for policy development, advocacy, and for the academic research community, offer a platform to build on, both quantitative and qualitative.</p>

scholarly journals Does gender matter for household livelihood diversification in Ethiopia rural areas?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 221-232
Author(s):  
Kiros Tsegay ◽  
Hongzhong Fan ◽  
AM Priyangani Adikari ◽  
Hailay Shifare
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Livelihood Diversification ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Farm Sector ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
The Government ◽  
Household Heads

Nowadays, the non-farm sector gives more attention and high expectations in reducing poverty in sub-Saharan African. Because participation of farm households in the none-farm sector out of their farm activities will play a great role to reduce poverty. Cross-sectional data were used to collect data in 2020 from farm household heads of 371 respondents with the mixed methodology to investigate the effect of demographic factors in none/off-farm economic activities on gender perspective in Ethiopia. In this study, we employ a Logistic regression model to explore the probabilities of household heads' participation in none/off-farm economic activities out of their farm. The result indicated, age and education level have a positive effect and statistically significant effect on increasing non-farm activities with the coefficients of 3.406, 1.956 respectively, confirmed that these variables should take into account in policy development to increase their impact on livelihood diversification. And Gender has a negatively significant on livelihood diversification. FHH is more participants in non-farm economic activities than MHH. Credit access does not contribute to increasing livelihood diversification instead; it contributes to agricultural specialization, not diversification. Surprisingly, family size has insignificant results in non-farm economic activities The outcome indicated it has its implications for the Ethiopian policy and strategy. The government should give more attention to the progressive aspects of non-farm economic activities to eradicate poverty. Whereas, decreasing its negative impact on poorer households by controlling obstacles of non-farm activities.

scholarly journals An exploratory case study on child sex tourism in a Pacific country: Samoa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lurlene Virginia Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Policy Advocacy ◽  
Sex Tourism ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
The Government ◽  
Embedded Case Study

<p>In 2006, The Committee of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, expressed concern about rising tourism in Samoa, and the possibility of associated sexual exploitation of local children. The Committee had recommended that the Government of Samoa devote further research to the sexual exploitation of children, including identifying its scope, and root causes. This thesis became a response to The Committee’s recommendation to Samoa. I carried this study out in Apia, Samoa (2009). It presented three research objectives as follows, 1) To report the scope of child sex tourism in Samoa, 2) To identify, and report on the root causes that contributed to child sex tourism in Samoa, and 3) To present a set of recommendations as a baseline foundation for policy, advocacy, and research. Methodology was a qualitative, single embedded case study. Data sources were mixed-method and multi-perspective, aimed at triangulation to enhance trustworthy results. Data analysis was inductive. Anecdotal evidence revealed child sex tourism is a serious problem in Samoa. Victims were girls and boys (including straight and transgendered ones), perpetrators were all male; preferential and opportunistic. The data revealed 10 root causes facilitating CST in Samoa, as follows: 1) Poverty, 2) Hospitality, 3) Philanthropic exploitation, 4) Marginalisation of boys, 5) Family under pressure, and family dysfunction, 6) Unsafe schools, 7) Ifoga, or the culture of shame, 8) Sex tourism, 9) Tourism was excused of any action, and 10) Lack of awareness about child sex tourism. Additionally, four substantial root causes were identified, as follows: 1) Complacency, 2) Attitudes toward data collection, 3) Child sex tourism had to be ‘proven’ by statistics, and 4) Perpetrators beaten and deported leading to under reporting. This was a first study in Samoa. The baseline results this study presents, are important for policy development, advocacy, and for the academic research community, offer a platform to build on, both quantitative and qualitative.</p>

scholarly journals The Implementation of Regional Policy in Lithuania

Ekonomika ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Ragauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Single Region ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Imbalances

There are two types of regional policy - EU regional policy and national (state) regional policyin place in Lithuania. The common goal of these policies is the same - social and economic cohesion, however, in an EU context, Lithuania is regarded as a single region, while the focus of national regional policy is to address the interregional social and economic imbalances in Lithuania. To achieve balanced development as much in Lithuania as a whole as in its regions, the co-ordinated implementation of both policies is very important. The aim of this article is to analyse EU regional policy. as well as the effect of EU structural funds on regional policy in Lithuania, and in this way to highlight the problem of unequal regional social and economic development. Particular attention is given to the provisions of Lithuanian regional policy and the mechanisms of its implementation.Research aims. To analyse EU regional policy as well as the effect of EU structural assistance on variations in Lithuanian regional policy. highlighting the most important contributing factors. Research object. Lithuanian regional policy and EU structural assistance. Research methods and resources. The following research methods were used: an analysis of academic literature; information comparison, grouping, elaboration and summation, data analysis techniques. Resources used include academic literature, EU regulations, normative acts of the Republic of Lithuania regulating regional policy and the use of structural funds, and data from the Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania and the Ministry of Finance.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CATARACT AMONG RURAL COMMUNITY ADULTS IN NEGERI SEMBILAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-314
Author(s):  
Azlina Mokhtar ◽  
Maimunah Abdul Muna'aim ◽  
Tengku Amatullah Madeehah T Mohd ◽  
Hafiz Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Mobile Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Government

‘Klinik Pakar Mata Bergerak’ (KLiP Mobile), translated to specialised ophthalmology mobile clinic is a programme that provides ophthalmology care in the rural community of Negeri Sembilan. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of cataracts and its associated factors among rural adults in Malaysia through an outreach programme of specialised ophthalmology services by KLiP Mobile. This is a cross-sectional study carried out from January 2016 until March 2018 and was conducted in rural areas of all seven districts in the state of Negeri Sembilanvisited by the KLiP Mobile. Universal sampling was applied to all adults attending the mobile clinic. The participants are those who were referred by the government community clinics and walk-in patients. The total number of participants in this study was 1480. The mean (SD) age for the study population was 56 (16.9), by which majority were Malay (n = 1220, 82.4%) and female (n = 809, 54.7%). Most of them received either primary (n = 604, 42.4%) or secondary education (n = 577, 40.5%). The majority of participants were categorized into the low-income group, with a monthly income of less than RM 3,000 (n = 1118, 92.4%). The prevalence of cataracts in the study population was 28.6%. In the multivariate analysis, factors significantly associated with cataracts were being male, having no formal education, race and suffering from hypertension. The prevalence of cataracts in rural areas is considerably high. This study highlights the need for baseline information for future study or as the main reference by the policymakers for policy development related to improving vision and eye care among the populations in Malaysia.  

scholarly journals Stakeholder perspectives on proposed policies to improve distribution and retention of doctors in rural areas of Uttar Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena Sriram ◽  
Shreya Hariyani ◽  
Ummekulsoom Lalani ◽  
Ravi Teja Buddhiraju ◽  
Pooja Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Stakeholder Analysis ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Policy Adoption ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Stakeholder Power

Abstract Background In India, the distribution and retention of biomedical doctors in public sector facilities in rural areas is an obstacle to improving access to health services. The Government of Uttar Pradesh is developing a comprehensive, ten-year Human Resources for Health (HRH) strategy, which includes policies to address rural distribution and retention of government doctors in Uttar Pradesh (UP). We undertook a stakeholder analysis to understand stakeholder positions on particular policies within the strategy, and to examine how stakeholder power and interests would shape the development and implementation of these proposed policies. This paper focuses on the results of the stakeholder analysis pertaining to rural distribution and retention of doctors in the government sector in UP. Our objectives are to 1) analyze stakeholder power in influencing the adoption of policies; 2) compare and analyze stakeholder positions on specific policies, including their perspectives on the conditions for successful policy adoption and implementation; and 3) explore the challenges with developing and implementing a coordinated, ‘bundled’ approach to strengthening rural distribution and retention of doctors. Methods We utilized three forms of data collection for this study – document review, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. We conducted 17 interviews and three focus group discussions with key stakeholders between September and November 2019. Results We found that the adoption of a coordinated policy approach for rural retention and distribution of doctors is negatively impacted by governance challenges and fragmentation within and beyond the health sector. Respondents also noted that the opposition to certain policies by health worker associations created challenges for comprehensive policy development. Finally, respondents believed that even in the event of policy adoption, implementation remained severely hampered by several factors, including weak mechanisms of accountability and perceived corruption at local, district and state level. Conclusion Building on the findings of this analysis, we propose several strategies for addressing the challenges in improving access to government doctors in rural areas of UP, including additional policies that address key concerns raised by stakeholders, and improved mechanisms for coordination, accountability and transparency.

PERCEPTIONS OF SOUTH AFRICAN YOUTH OF LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES: A CASE IN THE LEPELLE-NKUMPI MUNICIPAL AREA

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Matshidiso Kanjere
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Young People ◽  
South African ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
South Africans ◽  
African Youth ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
The Government

The South African youth faces multiple challenges that range from illiteracy, drug and alcohol abuse, crime and HIV/AIDS, to unemployment. These challenges and many other ills in society have led to interventions by government, and private and other civil societies. The government has established and initiated a number of programmes that aim at building capacity and helping the youth to cope with these multiple challenges. Some of the programmes are aimed at building leadership capacity among the impoverished youth in rural communities. A lot of money is being invested in these programmes, which are meant to develop young South Africans. However, there are some young people who do not participate in these programmes. They are also not in the formal education system, self-employed or employed elsewhere. And they are despondent. The government, private sector and non-governmental organisations are trying hard to bring these youths and others into the developmental arena, so that they can be active participants in the economy of the country in the near future. However, little research has been conducted to assess the broad impact of the various programmes in the country. The contribution that these programmes are making toward improving the livelihoods of young people has to be determined on a larger scale. Nevertheless, this article reports on an investigation that was conducted on a smaller scale, at the Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality. The aim of the research was to explore the perceptions young South Africans have of the leadership development programmes that they have participated in. A mixed research approach was used to collect data and the key findings indicated that knowledge accumulated through participation in the programmes does not always translate into practical applications. However, the programmes were deemed to be valuable in instilling a positive life-view. The study recommends that support systems be established in the rural areas to assist young people with life challenges.

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