scholarly journals Comments on Caddo Origins in Northwest Louisiana

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery S. Girard
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Discussion Group ◽  
Red River ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Formal Presentation ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Social Units ◽  
Cultural Entities

This paper presents some of my thoughts on the issue of Caddo origins from the perspective of the Red River drainage in northwest Louisiana. These ideas were assembled prior to the Caddo discussion group meeting held in December 2008 and have been only slightly modified here. The paper was not given as a formal presentation, but I attempted to introduce the main points during the group discussion. Development of better chronological controls is crucial for addressing problems of Caddo origins, and I discuss this issue first. Although much has been settled since the early Krieger-Ford discussions, a finer-grained chronology is necessary to answer questions that are now of interest. We remain largely dependent on our understanding of changes in ceramic assemblages and how we can tie these to chronometric scales based primarily on radiocarbon dating. I next review the cultural taxonomic units that have been used to classify the pre-Caddo archaeological record in the Trans-Mississippi South. Rather than taking the view that one or more of these cultural entities transformed into Caddo culture, I suggest that Caddo origins might be better viewed as the development of social and economic behaviors that linked relatively small-scale social units previously only loosely and sporadically associated. I then discuss the possible importance of the development of ceremonial centers, the appearance of elite mortuary traits, and the circulation of finely engraved ceramic vessels for understanding changes in social and economic integration that took place in the Trans- Mississippi South between approximately A.D. 900 and A.D. 1050. Finally, I offer a list of some basic questions that I feel are important for furthering our understanding of Caddo origins.

THE AFRICAN WIFE OF SOLOMON (1 KINGS 3:1; 9:16; 7:8; 11:1)

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Tuesday Adamo
Keyword(s):  
African Woman ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
1 Kings

Both the Deuteronomist and the Chronicler repeatedly testify that Solomon married an African woman who was the daughter of Pharaoh. The fact that Pharaoh‟s daughter was singled out in this manner is significant as similar treatment was not given to his many other wives and concubines. In the African polygamous system, the first wife exercises enormous power over the husband and other wives. In keeping with the tradition, as chief wife Pharaoh‟s daughter would have had immense influence over Solomon. This pervasive influence can be seen in the economic, political, and administrative policies of the day, as well as in the prohibition on Solomon marrying an Israelite woman. Although Solomon‟s African wife is nameless in the biblical record, and both Solomon and his wife are unattested in the archaeological record, the marriage represents an aspect of African influence on and contribution to ancient Israel.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN UNTUK PENINGKATAN USAHA PETERNAKAN SAPI PERAH DI KECAMATAN UNGARAN TIMUR KABUPATEN SEMARANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
T. Dalmiyatun ◽  
W. Roessali ◽  
W. Sumekar ◽  
D. Mardiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Venn Diagram ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Seed Selection ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Thematic Mapping ◽  
Technology Resources ◽  
Single Technique ◽  
Rural Appraisal

This research aimed to study the needs of members of farmers District East Ungaran  Semarang  Regency  for  the  development  of  their  farming.  This  research analyzed descriptively by using the approach of PRA  (Participatory Rural Appraisal) approach,  with  the  techniques  of  thematic  mapping,  trends  and  changes,  seasonal calendar,  daily  routine,  livelihood  analysis  and  Venn  Diagram  on  dairy  farmers.Results from the application of each single technique then was discussed in Focused Group  Discussion  (FGD)  attended  by  village  officers  and  extension  worker.  The results of the study can be contained in rank as follows: 1) The activities carried out by members of dairy farmer groups is still traditional. Technologies of seed selection,feed, milking, harvest and post-harvest has not been much progress, yet, 2) Limited knowledge and access to sources of technology, resources, and capital and programs for  both  private  and  government  3)  Limitation  of  production  facilities  and infrastructure,  which  resulted  in  small-scale  livestock  ownership  with  inadequate productivity,  and  4)  Limited  mastery  of  market  information,  both  for  sale  of  the products and purchase of the production factors.

scholarly journals The Role of Triple Helix Actors for Agro-Tourism Development in West Sumatera

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Widya Fitriana
Keyword(s):  
Triple Helix ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
High Level

Agricultural sector as a main contributor to GDP formation in West Sumatera is required to be able to diversify its business in order to highest achieving economic and social development. One diversified agricultural business prospective to be developed is agro-tourism. The development of agro-tourism requires collaboration and synergy between academician, businessman and government as known as triple helix actors. This study is designed with aim to (i) map the agro-tourism potential in west Sumatera; (ii) analyze the role of each actors, so they may take action in accelerating Agro-tourism development. This research uses observation, depth interview method, literature study and focus group discussion. The result shows that agro-tourism in West Sumatra is more prominent of great natural and cultural value, small scale and lack of local facilities. It also requires relatively high level of investment relative to its return. Therefore government support is likely an essential element of agro-tourism development and the effort may be better directed toward consolidating with intellectual and business also.

scholarly journals Efektifitas Pelatihan Partisipatori Industri Kreatif Batik Tulis

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Suliyanto Suliyanto ◽  
Weni Novandari ◽  
Sri Murni Setyawati
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Discussion Group ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training ◽  
Craft Industry

<p align="center"><em>This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of training with a participatory approach in batik craft industry in Purbalingga. The subjects of this study are 20 batik artisans in Purbalingga. Data are collected by using focuss Group Discussion (FGD) and questionnaires. To analyze the differences between the perception of knowledge and skills of the trainees before and after the training, this study uses two different test average. Based on the result of analysis, there is an increase in the perception of knowledge and skills after training by using a participatory approach.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektifitas pelatihan dengan pendekatan partisipatori pada industri kerajinan Batik tulis di Purbalingga. Subyek penelitian ini adalah 20 pengrajin batik tulis di Purbalingga. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan Focuss Discussion Group (FGD) dan kuesioner. Untuk menganalisis perbedaan persepsi pengetahuan dan perbedaan persepsi keterampilan peserta pelatihan sebelum dan sesudah mengikuti pelatihan dengan pendekatan partisipatori digunakan uji beda dua rata-rata. Berdasarkan hasil analisis terdapat peningkatan persepsi pengetahuan dan persepsi keterampilan setelah mengikuti pelatihan batik tulis dengan pendekatan partisipatori. </p><p><em><br /></em></p>

scholarly journals FISH COMMUNITY COMPOSITION INDICATES LOW IMPACT OF CAPTURE EFFORTS IN WAR-TORN SOUTH SUDAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Luiselli ◽  
John Sebit Benansio ◽  
Johnson J. Balli ◽  
Daniele Dendi ◽  
Stephanie Ajong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Community ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Part Time ◽  
White Nile

A survey conducted in Terekeka, Mongalla (=Mongalla) and Gemmaiza (= Gemeiza), payams of Central Equatoria in South Sudan using face-to-face interviews, structured questionnaire and focused group discussion provided information on income generating strategies of fishing communities. These included: full time or part time fishing, small-scale farming, cattle breeding and firewood collection. Stationary gill nets were the dominant type of fishing gear, followed by  monofilament, hook and long line, cast nets, spears and harpoons. Fishing vessels included planked canoes, steel boats and fibreglass. The best fishing months were August, September, followed by May. Main species caught included large bodied potamodromous predators adapted to channel habitats, as well as floodplain migrants. Overall the fish community appeared to be at equilibrium, with no evidence of impacts due to excessive catch efforts. The good health of the White Nile fishery is related to the high resilience of South Sudanese aquatic ecosystems as well as to the low potential of fish capture in a country disrupted by war and lack of security.

SMALL-SCALE HOUSEHOLD CERAMIC PRODUCTION: NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF PLAIN AND DECORATED CERAMICS FROM PRE-AZTEC XALTOCAN, MEXICO

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Kristin De Lucia ◽  
Matthew T. Boulanger ◽  
Michael D. Glascock
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Early Postclassic ◽  
Ceramic Manufacture ◽  
Social Units

Abstract This study examines small-scale household ceramic production at the site of Xaltocan, Mexico, to understand the organization of household ceramic production prior to the development of the Aztec Empire. We examine utilitarian vessels and serving wares from an Early Postclassic (a.d. 900–1200) domestic context using neutron activation analysis (NAA). We also examine archaeological evidence for ceramic manufacture. The NAA data reveal that similar raw materials and paste recipes were used for both utilitarian and decorated wares, suggesting that households produced both plain and decorated pottery. We conclude that ceramic production was an intermittent activity that took place alongside other crafts and agriculture. By looking at ceramics within their contexts of use and production, we consider the practices and choices made by individual social units, which is crucial to interpreting broader Early Postclassic economic systems and the ways in which commoners influenced these systems.

Spreekvaardigheidstoetsing

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
L.J.A. Nienhuis
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Oral Production ◽  
Speaking Proficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Speaking Skill

At higher levels of second language proficiency, the speaking skill is frequently measured in interviews, but the use of guided tests and group discussions is common too and can improve efficiency. Guided test and discussion create rather different speech situations and might well elicitate dissimilar kinds of oral production: the informal setting of group discussion is certainly less 'anxiety-provoking' and elicitates more natural speech, but it may lead to the use of elementary and unmonitored, minimally correct speech. In this article we report on a small-scale empirical investigation intended to lay bare differences between the language used in a guided test and in a group discussion at the level of 1st year university students of French. Although the discussion subject was defined in such a way that it would enable students to discuss a rather wide range of aspects, even superficial analysis of guided test and discussion subject suggested the first to be more content valid: this quality manifested itself in the higher proportion of different words used in the guided test answers. In other respects, there were no systematic differences between test and discussion: proportions of unique words and of less frequent words, in relation to the number of different words, were nearly the same in the two kinds of speech production. Contrary to intuitive expectation, the number of lexical and grammatical errors was greater in test production (i.e. in the formal setting) than in discussion, the guided test being perhaps a more demanding task, but the possible conclusion that the overall quality of second language use was less good in the guided test was not supported by other findings: mean scores of the three raters did not show systematic differences between test and discussion. Correlations between test scores and discussion scores were about .77, suggesting that as tests of speaking proficiency when the criterion is correctness, guided test and discussion are not as different as they may seem. The main difference between the two is in rater reliability: interrater correlations for the test were about .82; for the discussion the mean of three correlations was .52, but two of them approximated .60. One of the problems of rating discussions may be the rather unequal participation of the members of the group. The quality of discussion as a speaking proficiency test can, in our opinion, be improved by defining its subject in such a way that the aspects discussed will be sufficiently diverse and by training or instructing students: they should all participate actively and pay attention to regular turn-taking.

scholarly journals Prospects of Promoting NTFPs for Livelihood Improvement

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biraj Pyakurel
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Dendrocalamus Strictus ◽  
Livelihood Improvement ◽  
The Status

This research entitled, “Prospects of Promoting NTFPs for Livelihood Improvement” was carried out in Habeli Community Forest of Nuwakot district with the specific objectives of assessing the status of NTFPs in the study area, studying the local people’s knowledge about NTFPs, their attitude towards collection and domestication, assessing the role of NTFPs to household economy and existing market system of NTFPs. Altogether 30 households were sampled to carry out the research and the information regarding biophysical and socio economic condition, perception towards NTFPs and their domestication were collected through various PRA and RRA tools like Household Survey, Group Discussion, and Key Informant Survey (KIS). People were generally familiar with the NTFPs and their importance and were slowly heading towards NTFPs domestication although on a small scale. The respondents have been utilizing their agricultural land to grow NTFPs like Asparagus racemosus, Emblica officinalis and other species like Dendrocalamus strictus and Arundinaria intermedia that were grown naturally on the farmlands and were also willing to domesticate more NTFPs having higher market value such as Swertiachirayita in the upcoming days. Altogether of 34 NTFPs of 28 different families were documented in the study area where most of them were in their wild stage. The C.F has the immense opportunity of promoting NTFPs in future which is at the rapid conservation stage right now. The geographical and climatic conditions are also favorable to grow NTFPs that may lead towards the initiation of forest based small scale enterprise that can eventually generate employment and income. NTFPs promotion has become essential in all parts of the country so research on this subject matter can create a milestone in the economic upliftment of the country. The future research on promotion of NTFPs, local manufacturing of NTFPs, distribution ecology and reproductive biology of NTFPS also has the great potentiality.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v4i0.5535The Initiation Vol.4 2011 46-55

North and South: Hunter-Gatherer Communities in the Andes Mountains in Central Chile

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis E. Cornejo B. ◽  
Lorena Sanhueza R.
Keyword(s):  
River Valley ◽  
Andes Mountains ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Social Units ◽  
North And South ◽  
Chilean Andes

AbstractOne of the most serious limitations in studies of prehistoric hunter-gatherer societies based on the archaeological record has been the difficulty of establishing distinctions among groups that inhabited a given area at the same time. This article suggests that, at least during a period ranging from 3000 B.C. to A.D. 1000, the Central Chilean Andes, specifically the Maipo River Valley, was occupied by two groups of hunter-gatherers that were distinct enough for us to propose that they were actually two different social units.

Iroquoian Stemware

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha A. Latta
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Healing Rituals ◽  
Local Origin ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Religious Syncretism

Ceramic vessels with goblet-like stems have been identified in late sixteenth and early seventeenth century Iroquoian sites in southern Ontario. Material and technology indicate local origin for these wares. It is suggested that they were modeled on the French Catholic chalice and used by the Iroquoians for magical or healing rituals. This constitutes a rare example of European-Indian religious syncretism demonstrable in the archaeological record.

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