scholarly journals WAQF AL-IRSÂD: Menyoal Pelaksanaan dan Kedudukan Wakaf Tanah “Béngkok” sebagai Suatu Fenomena Wakaf Negara dalam Kajian Fiqh

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Iza Hanifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Policy Maker ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
The State ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Public Property ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village

AbstractThe village land / béngkok serves as compensation for the salary of the government board through the use of rice field processing. However, not all objects are in the form of rice fields, it can be manifested as a mosque, cemetery, field, and even village punden. In the case of rise fields, they can be distributed in turn among the village apparatus from time to time, while the other objects not distributed in turn, since they have been functioning for a long time based on the customary. Such condition is required to be concern to various groups due to the ambiguous status of bengkok whether they are belong to village or public property. Meanwhile, the utilization of that function has also been valid for quite a long time without any conversion. This paper tries to offer the concept of State Waqf as an alternative solution to solve the ambiguity of this position. The writer utilize the Waqf al-Irsad theory as the State Endowments Fiqh considering the functions and benefits of bengkokas religious matters, namely mosques and village graves in which the state has role as policy maker and technical controllerof land law. Tanah béngkok desa berfungsi sebagai kompensasi gaji aparatur desa melalui jalan pemanfaatan pengolahan sawah. Namun, tidak semua objek béngkok berwujud sawah. Béngkok ada yang diwujudkan sebagai masjid, kuburan, lapangan, bahkan punden desa. Pada sawah, status pemanfaatannya bisa dipergilirkan di antara aparatur desa dari masa ke masa, sedangkan pada objek selain sawah keberlakuannya tidak dipergilirkan, tetapi sudah berfungsi untuk itu sejak lama, sejak desa adat itu sendiri ada dari zaman nenek moyang. Kedudukan seperti itu perlu menjadi perhatian berbagai pihak karena statusnya yang “ngambang” antara milik desa karena statusnya atau milik masyarakat karena adatnya. Kedua-duanya pasti saling memiliki dan memerlukan. Sementara, pemanfaatan untuk fungsi itu pun sudah berlaku dalam kurun yang cukup lama tanpa ada alih fungsi. Tulisan ini mencoba menawarkan konsep Wakaf Negara sebagai solusi alternatif mengurai “kengambangan” kedudukan béngkok ini.  Penulis menggunakan teori Waqf al-Irsâd sebagai Fiqh Wakaf Negara mengingat fungsi dan manfaat béngkok selama ini lebih banyak untuk urusan keagamaan, yaitu masjid dan kuburan desa di mana negara selama ini sebagai pembuat kebijakan dan pengendali teknis keagrariannya.

Formation of the research tradition of studying the institute Parliamentarism as a mechanism for the establishment of democracy

2017 ◽  
pp. 187-198
Author(s):  
Akil Ibrahim Al-Zuhari
Keyword(s):  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
The State ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Research Tradition ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
Parliamentary Regimes

The article defines the features of the process of forming the research tradition of studying the institute of parliamentarism as a mechanism for the formation of democracy. It is established that parliamentarism acts as one of the varieties of the regime of functioning of the state, to which the independence of the representative body from the people is inherent, its actual primacy in the state mechanism, the division of functions between the legislative and executive branches of government, the responsibility and accountability of the government to the parliament. It is justified that, in addition to the regime that fully meets the stated requirements of classical parliamentarism, there are regimes that can be characterized as limited parliamentary regimes. The conclusions point out that parliamentarism does not necessarily lead to a democracy regime. At the first stage of development of statehood, it functions for a long time in the absence of many attributes of democracy, but at the present stage, without parliamentarism, democracy will be substantially limited. Modern researchers of parliamentarism recognize that this institution is undergoing changes with the development of the processes of democracy and democratization. This is what produces different approaches to its definition. However, most scientists under classical parliamentarianism understand such a system, which is based on the balance of power. This approach seeks to justify limiting the rights of parliament and strengthening executive power. Keywords: Parliamentarism, research strategy, theory of parliamentarism, types of parliamentarism

Soviet Specialist Baiting: The Case of N. A. Dobrosmyslov

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Competence ◽  
The State ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
High Salary ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
Continued Employment ◽  
The Revolution

AbstractFor many communists working in the Soviet state apparatus during the 1920s, the state's continued employment of so-called “bourgeois specialists” (spetsy) was an ideological affront and an obstacle to proletarian advancement. In their eyes, until the spetsy were removed and workers staffed the institutions of the state, the revolution would be neither secure nor its promises fulfilled. Based on archival research, this article traces rank-and-file communists' attempts to remove one such specialist, N. A. Dobrosmyslov, from his position in the Tax Department (Gosnalog) of the People's Commissariat of Finances (Narkomfin). Dobrosmyslov had been a long-time official in the tsarist tax bureaucracy and had also worked for the Provisional Government in 1917. Communist opposition to him took the form of a denunciation campaign that focused on his alleged anti-Sovietism, his professional competence, his arrogant manner, his high salary, and his attempt to obtain a large pension from the government. The documents related to the case reveal the atmosphere of suspicion and often open hostility that surrounded the spetsy. They provide evidence of the contrasting evaluations of the spetsy made by leading communist administrators and by the lower-level communists who worked closely with them. They also show how important the issue of material compensation was for this latter group. Finally, the case provides an example of how biography could be interpreted and manipulated to serve particular ends, especially in the context of political and personal denunciation.

Village Institutes of Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiz Meşeci Giorgetti
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Primary School Teacher ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village ◽  
Village Institutes

In the 1930s, the primary schooling rate in Turkey was significantly low compared to the European states. Ninety percent of the population lived in villages without any schools and teachers. Therefore, promoting primary education was addressed as an issue concerning villages in Turkey. The seeds of the intellectual infrastructure in the emergence of institutes were sown at the beginning of the 20th century, during the Ottoman rule. To train teachers for villages, Village Teacher Training School [Köy Muallim Mektebi] was founded in 1927 and Village Instructor Training Course [Köy Eğitmen Kursu] in 1936. However, these initiatives were not sufficient in terms of quality and quantity. Village teacher training experiences, new education, and work school trends of Europe were analyzed by Turkish educators, opinions of foreign and Turkish experts were received, and the Village Institutes [Köy Enstitüleri] project was carried into effect based on the realities of Turkey. The first Village Institutes opened in 1937. They were established in a restricted area, with a limited budget, and a non-common curriculum until the Village Institute Law was promulgated in 1940. On April 17, 1940, the law prescribing their establishment was approved by the parliament. The number of the Village Institutes, which spread over the Turkish geography evenly, reached 21 by 1949. The period between 1940 and 1947 was when the Village Institutes were most productive. Learning by doing and principles of productive work were embraced at the Village Institutes. The curriculum consisted of three components: general culture, agriculture, and technical courses. In addition to their teaching duties, the primary school teachers that graduated from the Village Institutes undertook the mission of guiding villagers in agricultural and technical issues and having them adopt the nation-state ideology in villages. World balances changing after the Second World War also affected the Village Institutes. In 1946, the founding committee of the Village Institutes were accused of leftism and had to leave their offices for political reasons. After the founding committee stepped aside, the Village Institutes started to be criticized by being subjected to the conflict between left-wing and right-wing. Following the government changeover in 1950, radical changes regarding the curricula, students, and teachers of the institutes were made. Making the Village Institutes unique, the production- and work-oriented aspects were eliminated, and the institutes were closed down in 1954 and converted into Primary School Teacher Training Schools. Although the Village Institutes existed only between 1937 and 1954, their social, economic, and political effects were felt for a long time through the teachers, health officers, and inspectors they trained.

scholarly journals UNDERSTANDING ASSAM’S SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Pratyush Paras Sarma ◽  
Sagarmoy Phukan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Performance Index ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government

Assam was the first state in India to have undertaken the Global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a long-term guiding strategy for development. At the end of five years, before the state election, evaluating the work on SDGs in Assam is essential to follow up on the commitment of the government. But before we start evaluating the SDGs it is important to understand the development road Assam has taken over the last 100-150 years and why we must make a new turn. This study has tried to understand certain loopholes which have hampered the progress of SDGs in Assam along with how much Assam has been able to address its sustainability issues and how we can progress. We have reviewed the performance of the state based upon the official performance index released by NITI Aayog, Government of India. Our review of the index reflects that Assam has performed relatively poorer than the other states of the country. However, the ethnic culture of the region was deeply rooted in nature which the state can now adopt and harness to achieve its SDGs. KEYWORDS: Sustainable Development Goals; Assam Election; Indigenous Knowledge; Citizen Science; Polycentric Governance

scholarly journals AN APPRAISAL OF EMPLOYEES WELFARE AND SOCIAL SECURITY MEASURES IN CENTRAL PUBLIC SECTOR ENTERPRISES

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 234-247
Author(s):  
Joyjit Sanyal ◽  
Sujit Sikidar
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
The Government

Labour plays a very important role in the industrial production of the country. The human resource managers are concerned with the management of people at work. It is necessary to secure the co-operation of labour force in order to increase the production and earn higher profits. The co-operation of labour force is possible only when they are fully satisfied with their employer and the working conditions on the job. In the past, industrialists and the employers believed that their only duty towards their employees was to pay them satisfactory wages and salaries. But in due course of time, in addition to providing monetary benefits, human treatment given to employees started to play a very important role in seeking their co-operation. Labour or employee welfare activities benefit not only the workers but also the management in the form of greater industrial efficiency. The welfare activities pay a good dividend in the long run, because they contribute a lot towards the health and efficiency of the workers and towards a high morale. On the other hand, social security has come up as a dynamic concept which is considered in all advanced countries of the world as an indispensable chapter of the national programme. Social security is that security which the society furnishes through appropriate organisation against certain risks or certain contingencies to which its members are exposed. These risks are essentially contingencies against which the individual cannot afford by his small means and by his ability or foresight alone. As the name stands for general well- being of the people it is the duty of the state to promote social security which may provide the citizens with benefits designed to prevent or cure disease, to support him when he is not able to earn and to restore him to gainful activity. The state as an employer has provided for certain measures for the welfare and social security of the labourers, who contribute towards the economic development of a country and in this regard, the government has to see towards the proper implementation of such measures to maintain a harmonious industrial relation on the one side and on the other hand towards the upliftment of the members of the society. Thus, there arise the vital needs for the detailed assessments of the measures so provided, its quality of implementation so far and the level of satisfaction of the same among the different class of employees. The present study acts as a working paper with an objective to gather the opinion of the organized workforce in the Central Public Sector Enterprises with regards to their acceptance and satisfaction level of the various ‘Employees welfare and Social Security’ measures by the employers. However, the present study is restricted to two enterprises only and is undertaken with the following objectives: To analyze the opinions of the employees in respect of the labour welfare measures & social security benefits. To analyze the level of satisfaction or otherwise of the workers in respect of social security measures.

scholarly journals Sistem Informasi Layanan Desa Berbasis Web Menggunakan PHP dan MYSQL Studi Kasus Kantor Desa Pecalongan Kecamatan Sukosari Bondowoso

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Lukmanul Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Service System ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Service Information ◽  
Use Of Services ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
Improve Service Quality ◽  
The Village

A problem that existed in the government of Pecalongan village, Bondowoso regency, namely service to Pecalongan village people who still adhered to conventional system. This makes the service in the village office less than the maximum, and also requires a relatively long time in terms of doing the service. In addition, in terms of data storage is still using paper that prone to damaged and lost. And also in terms of data search that can take a relatively long time. It is considered less effective and efficient if run in the modern era as it is today. The objective of the research is to design and build a Service Information System at village level to improve service quality for village officials and use of services for villagers. The benefit derived from this research is that this system can facilitate village officials in collecting data of villagers and facilitate the service of residents or citizens in the application of letters. This village service information system is based on website that can be used online, so the Village community can enjoy the Village service more quickly and easily because the service system can access from anywhere. It is expected that with this village information service system, it can improve the quality of service process to the community in Pecalongan village, Sukosari sub-district, Bondowoso regency.

scholarly journals Lack Of Basic Education Accessibility In The Periphery Area Of Indonesia (A Research in Takirin Village, Tasifeto Timur Sub-District, Belu Regency, NTT Province - Indonesia)

2019 ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
M. N. B. C. Neolaka ◽  
Rikhardus S. Klau ◽  
Metriani Epifania Nahak
Keyword(s):  
Basic Education ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Basic Rights ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village

The presence of a school in the village is a sign of the concrete presence of the State to fulfill the basic rights of the community in the field of education. Remembering that schools always assume interaction with other elements of society such as parents, students, religious institutions and village governments, their presence also demands responsibility and involvement of all parties at the grassroots in synergic cooperation. Only through quality cooperation involving all parties, an educational institution can become the backbone of a society's progress. Quality cooperation can be evaluated by looking at how the community responds to the concrete problems they face in the field. One of the fundamental problems commonly found in remote areas of Indonesia is the low access to basic education services. By recognizing and identifying problems that occur in their own environment, people are encouraged to recognize violations of their basic rights. In turn, the people themselves are encouraged to collect their rights to the Government and at the same time are aware of being actively involved in development.

A Study of Sun Wu Seed Grain Loan Registers from Zoumalou (走馬樓吳簡中的種糧給貸簿研究)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Qu (熊曲) ◽  
Song Shaohua (宋少華)
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Emergency Relief ◽  
Standard Unit ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government

This paper reconstructs two documents from the Three Kingdoms state of Wu unearthed at Zoumalou, Changsha, based on archaeological information as well as the form and contents of the excavated slips and tablets. The documents are registers of the state loaning seed grain to commoners: one type are “registers of grain loans,” while the other are “registers of seed grain loans from the Jiahe 3rd year.” Based on this reconstruction, we show that the standard unit to which the government loaned seed was the household, that the purpose was emergency relief of the poor, and that people received more grain than they needed for seed and were then able to eat some of it. 根據考古信息、簡牘形制及其內容，本文嘗試復原了走馬樓吳簡中的兩個官府種糧給貸簿書——出禾給貸簿和嘉禾三年種糧給貸簿。并由此認爲，官府借貸種糧以一户爲標準，以救濟貧民爲目的，但種糧的用途除了耕種外，也會用於口糧。

The Reckoning

2021 ◽  
pp. 483-520
Author(s):  
Eric Van Young
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grand Jury ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Government ◽  
The U.S

Alamán’s internal self-exile in Mexico City, when he hid for nearly two years only to emerge in 1834, is discussed in as much detail as is possible for a largely undocumented episode. Having left the government along with the other ministers during 1832, he was being pursued by agents of the state and political enemies to stand trial before a congressional grand jury for his involvement in the judicial murder of Vicente Guerrero. The chapter also discusses his cordial relationship with the U.S. envoy who replaced the recalled Joel Poinsett, Anthony Butler. The fall of the Anastasio Bustamante government to an uprising led by Santa Anna is narrated, along with Alamán’s eventual trial, his spirited defense of himself, the intervention of Carlos María de Bustamante (not the president) on his behalf before the Supreme Court, and the ex-minister’s exoneration at the hands of President Santa Anna.

Th e Economy

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Bertolt Brecht ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
Long Line ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Jobs

Let Us Begin Where Everything Starts, with the economy and the labor market. This is perhaps where contrasts are thought to be sharpest. America—so the proponents of radical differences across the Atlantic argue—worships at the altar of what West German chancellor Helmut Schmidt once called Raubtierkapitalismus, predatory capitalism, where the market sweeps everything before it and the state exerts no restraint. The result is what another German chancellor, Gerhard Schröder, called amerikanische Verhältnisse, “American conditions,” plucked straight out of a play by Bertolt Brecht: America’s labor market is untrammeled and cruel, jobs are insecure and badly paid. Americans live to work, while Europeans work to live. That is the story. But is it true? America’s core ideological belief is oft en thought to be the predominance of the market and the absence of state regulation. “Everything should and must be pro-market, pro-business, and pro-shareholder,” as Will Hutton, a British columnist, puts it, “a policy platform lubricated by colossal infusions of corporate cash into America’s money-dominated political system. . . . ” Hutton stands in a long line of European critics who have seen nothing but the dominance of the market in America. There is some truth to the American penchant for free markets. But the notion that the Atlantic divides capitalism scarlet in tooth and claw from a more domesticated version in Europe has been overstated. When asked for their preferences, Americans tend to assign the state less of a role than many—though not all—Europeans. Proportionately fewer Americans think that the government should redistribute income to ameliorate inequalities, or that the government should seek to provide jobs for all, or reduce working hours. On the other hand, proportionately more Americans (by a whisker) than Germans and almost exactly as many as the Swedes think that government should control wages, and more want the government to control prices than Germans. Proportionately more Americans believe that the government should act to create new jobs than the Swedes, and about as many as the Germans, Finns, and Swiss. The percentage of Americans that thinks the state should intervene to provide decent housing is low.

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