Frontal-Stability Analysis of Surfactant Floods
Summary Recent surfactant-flooding experiments have shown that very-efficient oil recovery can be obtained without mobility control when the surfactant solution is injected at less than the critical velocity required for a gravity-stable displacement. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to predict the stability of surfactant floods at the reservoir scale on the basis of gravity-stable surfactant-flooding experiments at the laboratory scale. The scaleup process involves calculation of the appropriate average frontal velocity for the reservoir flood. The frontal velocity depends on the well configuration. We have performed systematic numerical simulations to study the effect of key scaling groups on the performance of gravity-stable surfactant floods. We simulated 3D heterogeneous reservoirs by use of a fine grid and a third-order finite-difference method to ensure numerical accuracy. These simulations have provided new insight into the behavior of gravity-stable surfactant floods, and in particular the importance of the microemulsion properties. The capability to predict when and under what reservoir conditions a gravity-stable surfactant flood can be performed at a reasonable velocity is highly significant. When a surfactant flood can be performed without polymer (or foam) for mobility control, cost and complexity are significantly reduced. Advantages are especially significant when the reservoir temperature is high and the use of polymer becomes increasingly difficult. Our simulations show that gravity-stable surfactant floods can be very efficient using horizontal wells in reservoirs with high vertical permeability.