The Greater Etom Area (GEA): A New Phase of Exploration in the South Lokichar Basin, Turkana County, Northern Kenya

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Christopherson
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
The South ◽  
Northern Kenya ◽  
The North ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Exploration Drilling ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT East Africa is an integral part of the Tullow business. Tullow has been active for over ten years in the onshore rift basins of East Africa, which began with the opening of the Uganda Lake Albert Rift Basin in 2006 following the drilling of Mputa-1. We developed multiple sub-surface evaluation tools and an understanding on how rift success factors can combine during the drilling of the Lake Albert Basin that we then applied to the Tertiary rifts of Kenya. Extensive Full Tensor Gradiometry (FTG), seismic and drilling has taken place over the last five years in Kenya. This has established the South Lokichar basin as a significant oil basin with significant remaining exploration upside. Up until 2015 exploration drilling in the South Lokichar utilized 2D seismic data. The acquisition of 3D seismic in the north and west of the basin has allowed an improved definition of the structural framework and highlighted additional exploration potential. The Etom-2 well spud in November 2015 highlights the value of this 3D seismic in complex structural settings. Etom-1 was planned and drilled on 2D seismic and encountered 10 m of oil pay. Subsequent re-mapping based upon the 3D seismic revealed that the Etom structure was more complicated than originally interpreted and that Etom-1 had drilled into a collapse graben and not tested the structural crest of the field. Etom-2 targeted the up-thrown northern fault block which was not penetrated by the Etom-1 well and encountered 102 m of oil pay. The northern part of the South Lokichar basin is structurally complex and the 3D seismic provided the required detail to highlight that Etom-1 hadn't properly tested the Etom structure. Further mapping of the 3D seismic in the area around Etom-2 has identified multiple follow-up prospects that could be part of a new play domain in the northern part of the South Lokichar Basin. These targets are the focus for Exploration drilling that is due to commence in Q4 2016.

scholarly journals Crustal variability along the rifted/sheared East African margin: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Vormann ◽  
Wilfried Jokat
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Shear Zone ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The South ◽  
East African ◽  
The North ◽  
Rifted Margins ◽  
Continental Block ◽  
Seismic Lines ◽  
Southeastern Madagascar

AbstractThe East African margin between the Somali Basin in the north and the Natal Basin in the south formed as a result of the Jurassic/Cretaceous dispersal of Gondwana. While the initial movements between East and West Gondwana left (oblique) rifted margins behind, the subsequent southward drift of East Gondwana from 157 Ma onwards created a major shear zone, the Davie Fracture Zone (DFZ), along East Africa. To document the structural variability of the DFZ, several deep seismic lines were acquired off northern Mozambique. The profiles clearly indicate the structural changes along the shear zone from an elevated continental block in the south (14°–20°S) to non-elevated basement covered by up to 6-km-thick sediments in the north (9°–13°S). Here, we compile the geological/geophysical knowledge of five profiles along East Africa and interpret them in the context of one of the latest kinematic reconstructions. A pre-rift position of the detached continental sliver of the Davie Ridge between Tanzania/Kenya and southeastern Madagascar fits to this kinematic reconstruction without general changes of the rotation poles.

scholarly journals The Geology of Portuguese Nyasaland

1922 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 200-212
Author(s):  
Robert R. Walls
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
East Africa ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Dark Continent ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Portuguese Nyasaland is the name given to the most northern part of Portuguese East Africa, lying between Lake Nyasa and the Indian Ocean. It is separated from the Tanganyika territory in the north by the River Rovuma and from the Portuguese province of Mozambique in the south by the River Lurio. The territory measures about 400 miles from east to west and 200 miles from north to south and has an area of nearly 90,000 square miles. This territory is now perhaps the least known part of the once Dark Continent, but while the writer was actually engaged in the exploration of this country in 1920–1, the Naval Intelligence Division of the British Admiralty published two handbooks, the Manual of Portuguese East Africa and the Handbook of Portuguese Nyasaland, which with their extensive bibliographies contained practically everything that was known of that country up to that date (1920). These handbooks make it unnecessary in this paper to give detailed accounts of the work of previous explorers.

Observations on biological Variation in Ornithodoros moubata (Murr.) (Argasidae) in East Africa

1957 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Biological Variation ◽  
The South ◽  
Relapsing Fever ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Ornithodoros Moubata ◽  
Taita Hills ◽  
Two Peaks

An investigation has been made into the distribution and bionomics of Ornithodoros moubata (Murr.) in East Africa in relation to the incidence of relapsing fever, and a survey has been made of the infestation in over 4,600 African huts, together with the temperature and relative humidity conditions.In Kenya Colony, relapsing fever is endemic in the high rainfall areas of Meru, Nyeri and Taita Districts. These habitats are cool and wet with a mean microhabitat temperature of 71°F. and a relative humidity of 86 per cent. Tick infestations were relatively sparse and were rare in the hot and dry climate of Embu District, the base of the Taita Hills and generally over all such country in Kenya.In Tanganyika Territory, relapsing fever is widespread, and the most striking difference was the relatively much greater abundance of the tick, especially in the dry central areas. It is pointed out that although relapsing fever is most prevalent in the north-west, endemicity is at a lower level than in Kenya, and decreases towards the south-east, indicating that the degree of incidence of the disease does not conform with that of the vector.In the Digo District, south of Mombasa on the Kenya coast, ticks showed a reversal in their choice of microclimate from those in the cool highlands and were numerous in hot, moist conditions. The incidence of the disease was very low.O. moubata was widespread in the Usambara Mountain area of Tanganyika. Ticks were most numerous in the cool, wet conditions above 4,000 ft., but were also abundant in the hot, moist foothills and plains, whereas they were absent in hot and dry country at the base of the Taita Hills in Kenya 80 miles to the north.As humidity appeared to be a foremost factor affecting the distribution of O. moubata it was not possible to evaluate clearly the effects of temperature. It is suggested that all the conflicting evidence of the relationship of the tick populations to microclimate and the incidence of relapsing fever may be explained only by introducing a hypothesis of biological variation in the tick itself. It is shown that there are two peaks of greatest abundance, at relative humidities of 86 and 67 to 68 per cent. respectively, and it is suggested that these two peaks represent the distribution of two hypothetical hut-haunting biological forms.An examination of the blood-meals from pooled catches by the precipitin test showed that in the cool and wet habitats of the Kenya highlands and the north-west of Tanganyika, 94 per cent. of the recognisable feeds were on man and only 2 per cent. on fowls. In the hot and moist habitats of Digo and the low-lying area between Digo and the Usambara Mountains, 18 per cent. were on man and 78 per cent. on fowl. In the mainly warm and moist habitats of the Usambara Mountains and the area bordering the south-east of Lake Victoria, 73 per cent. were on man and 22 per cent. on fowls.It is therefore suggested that there are two biological forms of O. moubata found in huts, one feeding on man and the other feeding on fowls. The former is found in huts at high altitudes in areas having a cool and wet climate; it is essentially a human parasite showing a marked preference for the blood of man while ignoring the presence of fowls however numerous or available. It occurs in greatest abundance at a relative humidity of about 86 per cent. It is found at relatively low temperatures from 67° to 75°F. It is absent in areas where the microclimate is consistently over 90 per cent. R.H. and may not occur where it is consistently lower than about 74 per cent.The form that feeds on fowls appears to possess a tolerance to a wide range of temperature and R.H., occurring in greatest abundance at 67 to 68 per cent. R.H. It is found at temperatures from 68° to 87°F. It is more resistant to starvation than the form that feeds on man.

PALEOSEISMOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT THE FRONT OF THE EASTERN SOUTHERN ALPS (NE Italy)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Patricelli ◽  
Maria Eliana Poli ◽  
Giovanni Paiero ◽  
Giovanni Monegato ◽  
Francesco Marinoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Damage Zone ◽  
Southern Alps ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
The South ◽  
Active Deformation ◽  
The North ◽  
Ne Italy ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Accademia Dei Lincei ◽  
The Village

<p>In the framework of the III level Seismic Microzonation of the Pieve del Grappa municipality (Treviso, NE Italy), three paleoseismological trenches were dug, in order to investigate activity and capacity of the Crespano del Grappa backthrust.</p><p>The study area is located in the Veneto foothills, where the Plio-Quaternary external front of the Eastern Southern Alps (Castellarin and Cantelli, 2000) presently propagates with a 2-3 mm/y velocity towards the south (Serpelloni et al., 2016). The external front is composed of a series of arcuated WSW-ENE striking, S verging structures (Galadini et al, 2005). Moreover, the area is characterized by a medium-to-low seismicity with only one M>6 earthquake during the last millennium: the 1695 Asolo event, Mw 6.45 (Rovida et al., 2016).</p><p>Regarding the structural framework, the study area is located between the Bassano-Vittorio Veneto Thrust to the north and the Bassano-Cornuda Thrust to the south. The investigated tectonic structure, i.e. the Bassano-Cornuda backthrust, is a N-verging E-W striking reverse structure. Moving from east to the west, it widely crops out near the Castelcucco village, causing a hundred meters displacement in the Miocene Molasse (Braga, 1970). In particular in Crespano village the thrust is responsible of an about 10 m vertical throw in the Quaternary alluvial conglomerates of Lastego river (Parinetto, 1987). Because of the urbanization, the paleoseismological trenches were realized at the eastern (Col Canil) and western (San Vito) borders of the village. In the former case, the trench cut through thick colluvial deposits that probably buried an abandoned valley. Differently, the second and the third trenches affected wide coalescent LGM alluvial fans, which border the southern slope of Mt. Grappa.</p><p>The results testify an intense Pleistocene-Holocene deformation of the Crespano del Grappa backthrust. Particularly, active deformation evidence deals with:</p><ul><li>back-tilting of the Holocene colluvial units;</li> <li>pronounced polyphasic liquefaction episodes, locally completely altering the sedimentary structures of colluvial units;</li> <li>a wide damage zone in the proximity of the morphological scarp and associated with the peak of the induced polarization. This observation testifies that the Crespano del Grappa backthrust reached the surface and displaced topography in the past, probably at the occurrence of one or more events which generated the paleoliquefaction effects;</li> <li>the 3-4 m displacement of the LGM alluvial fan deposits.</li> </ul><p>Concerning the age of the deformation, the dating of the involved units suggests a post LGM activation, probably recent-to-historical.</p><p> </p><p>REFERENCES</p><p>Braga GP, 1970. Rendiconti Fisici dell’Accademia dei Lincei, serie 8, 48(4): 451-455.</p><p>Castellarin A. and Cantelli L., 2000. Journal of Geodynamics. DOI: 10.1016/S0264-3707(99)00036-8.</p><p>Galadini et al., 2005. Geophysical Journal International. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02571.x.</p><p>Parinetto A., 1987. Aspetti morfotettonici del versante meridionale del Grappa e delle colline antistanti. Unpublished degree thesis. University of Padova, Italy.</p><p>Rovida et al., 2016. DOI: http://doi.org/10.6092/INGV.IT-CPTI15.</p><p>Serpelloni et al., 2016. Tectonophysics, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.09.026.</p>

The Geology of the Lower Shire–Zambezi Area

1930 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Dixey
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
The South ◽  
The North

The area lying between the Lower Zambezi and its northern tributary the Lower Shire forms a relatively small salient between the better-known parts of Portuguese East Africa lying to the north and to the south, and a study of its geology in relation to that of the larger territory has yielded interesting results. The area described includes the southern end of the Nyasaland Protectorate and that part of Portuguese East Africa lying between it and the Zambezi.

scholarly journals A Taxonomic Analysis of Smart City Projects in North America and Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Perboli ◽  
Mariangela Rosano
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
City Management ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The North ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Last Mile Delivery

In recent years, the concept of a “Smart City” became central in the agenda of researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders. Although the application of information and communication technologies on city management has advanced exponentially, also other components would be needed for building a truly sustainable urban environment. Researchers from different domains debated the definition of a smart city and the conceptual variants. However, a broad view of the smart city field is still missing. This paper attempts to fill this gap by proposing a taxonomic classification of the most 105 outstanding smart city projects in Europe and North America. Collected data are then processed by statistical tools for clearly highlighting the success factors, trends and future paths in which all these projects are moving, along with different aspects (e.g., business model, purpose, industry). We then investigate the European and the North American Smart City concepts, illustrating the key role of mixed public and private partnerships in creating successful projects and the focus on the urban transportation, and freight and last-mile delivery in particular. Moreover, it emerges how the business modeling and the exploitation aspects have still low integration in the projects.

The Auk Field, Block 30/16, UK North Sea

1991 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel H. Trewin ◽  
Mark G. Bramwell
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
The South ◽  
Well Control ◽  
Western Margin ◽  
The North ◽  
Fault Block ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Central North Sea

AbstractThe Auk field is located in Block 30/16 at the western margin of the Central Graben. Oil is contained in a combination stratigraphic and structural trap which is sealed by Cretaceous chalk and Tertiary claystones. An oil column of up to 400 ft is contained within Rotliegend sandstones, Zechstein dolomites, Lower Cretaceous breccia and Upper Cretaceous chalk. Production has taken place since 1975 with 80% coming from the Zechstein, in which the best reservoir lithology is a vuggy fractured dolomite where porosity is entirely secondary due to the dolomitization process and leaching of evaporites. Both Rotliegend dune slipface sandstones, and the Lower Cretaceous breccia comprising porous Zechstein clasts in a sandy matrix, also contribute to production. Poor seismic definition of the reservoir results in reliance on well control for detailed reservoir definition. The field has an estimated ultimate recovery of 93 MMBBL with 13 MMBBL remaining at the end of 1988.The Auk field is situated in Block 30/16 of the Central North Sea about 270 km ESE from Aberdeen in 240-270 ft of water (Fig. 1). The field covers an area of about 65 km2 and is a combination of tilted horst blocks and stratigraphic traps, located at the western margin of the South West Central Graben. The Auk horst is about 20 km long and 6-8 km wide, with a NNW-SSE trend. It is bounded on the west by a series of faults with throws of up to 1000 ft, and the eastern boundary fault has a throw of 5000 ft in the north reducing to zero in the south (Fig. 2). The horst is a westward tilted fault block in the north which grades into a faulted anticline in the south. The Auk accumulation is largely contained within Zechstein dolomites and is ultimately sealed by Cretaceous chalk which overlies the base Cretaceous erosion surface. An E-W cross-section of the field is illustrated by Fig. 3. Auk was the first of the alphabetical sequence of North Sea sea-bird names used for Shell/ Esso fields.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN WAKTU PUASA DI WILAYAH ABNORMAL DAN APLIKASI HUKUMNYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-302
Author(s):  
Sunarto Sunarto
Keyword(s):  
Time Limit ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Current Position ◽  
The South ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
The North ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
D 23

Etymologically fasting is "al-imsak" (restraint). As for the terminology, fasting is: "To refrain from something that can cancel the fasting starting from the dawn until the sun sets with aim." This is the definition of Fuqaha "in understanding the time limit of fasting according to QS. al-Baqarah: 187. In reality, when we apply the definition of fasting, there is a significant difference between one region and another. For example, the area around the equator, relatively stability between daytime and night. However, there is a contrast difference to the regions around the pole (north-south). If the area far from the equator the more contrast the time difference occurs. This means that the farther the area from the equator, the longer the time of daytime or night. Besides the influence of the above factors, there is also the current position of the sun. It determines whether the sun is in the north or the south of the earth? The implication that when the fast of Ramadan coincides with the summer, from March to September is in the north. The climax of June 21, the sun has a maximum declination (d = 23 '30'), then the regions in the north have experience a longer noon inversely proportional to the regions in the south. If the regions are closer to the pole, the more extreme the daytime and night difference occurs, that is called the area/circumpolar region. To apply the fasting law (circumpolar) fasting area, by following the International Fatwah Majlis, that is in two ways: first, following the fasting period of the Hijaz (Makkah-Madinah), second, following the nearest region/country that has a daytime or night limit.

AN INTRODUCTION TO SOUTH CANTERBURY

1952 ◽  
pp. 23-41
Author(s):  
W.C. Stafford ◽  
R.H. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Southern Alps ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Definition Of

Definition of the Area: South Canterbury is a well-defined region comprising the counties of Geraldine, Levels, Mackenzie and Waimate. It is bounded in the north by the Rangitata River, Forest Creek, and part of the Two Thumb Range, on the west by the crest of the Southern Alps, in the South by the Waitaki River, and on the east by the sea. Of the total area of 3$ million acres, 2,820,OOO acres or 86 per cent of the total area is occupied for farming. Of this occupied area 2,010,OOO acres are unimproved land, 651,000 acres are in sown grass, and 125,000 acres in crops, cereals, green feed, and root crops. In 1949-50 the occupied area carried 1,92?,000 sheep and 56,000 cattle, of which 6,100 were dairy cows in milk

Are Northern Practices for Supporting Entrepreneurs Transferable to the South?

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maripier Tremblay ◽  
Sophie Brière ◽  
Alain Daou ◽  
Guillaume Baillargeon
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
The South ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Model Transferability ◽  
The North ◽  
Business Sectors ◽  
Service Customization ◽  
Internal Capacity

The authors explore the question of model transferability from North to South through a case study of a Canadian non-governmental organization (NGO) which supports entrepreneurs in South Africa. The analysis shows that the transfer to the South of an entrepreneurial support model developed in the North has significant limitations because of country specificities. It becomes apparent that adaptations are necessary to ensure the adequacy of the model in the particular context of the targeted country. Success factors and adaptation strategies were identified based on the limitations to transferability. These limitations relate to consideration of the local business sectors, consideration of lenders' and stakeholders' expectations, establishing partnerships with local players, internal capacity building, segmentation of services according to entrepreneur types, activities targeted at entrepreneur service customization and, finally, the use of quantitative and qualitative indicators and the balance between expansion and consolidation of the organization.

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