scholarly journals Enablers And Barriers To Utilisation Of Available Formal Support By Institutionalised Individuals With Alzheimer’s Disease And Related Dementias In Rural South Western Uganda: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
VALLENCE NIYONZIMA ◽  
Samuel Maling ◽  
Zeina Chemali
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Support Services ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Formal Support ◽  
Western Uganda

Abstract Background: The world’s population is ageing resulting in a larger number of people living with dementia. Prevalence of dementia for persons aged above 60 years is expected to increase . There is paucity of information regarding formal support available for institutionalised individuals with AD/ADRD, enablers and barriers to its utilisation particularly South Western Uganda. Therefore this study, filling this knowledge gap, sought to assess formal support available for individuals with AD/ADRD, enablers and barriers to its utilisation in rural communities in South Western Uganda Methods: This study was conducted in two nongovernmental community based facilities for the elderly in South Western Uganda employing a qualitative cross sectional study design. Purposive sampling was used to recruit caretakers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. A total of 28 in depth interviews and 6 key informant interviews were conducted. Results: Three arching themes emerged: 1) Formal support services available, 2) Enablers and 3) Barriers to the utilisation of the formal support services in institutionalised patients with AD/ADRD in rural communities in South Western Uganda. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of formal care in the long-term care of individuals with AD/ADRD. There is a dire need to equip caretakers involved in the care of patients with AD/ADRD with the required skill set and include formal support services in the mainstream primary health care to make the services accessible.

scholarly journals Prevalência, desempenho cognitivo e funcionalidade de idosos com Doença de Alzheimer em instituições de longa permanência de Bento Gonçalves

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Fernandes Tonholi ◽  
Gisele Oltramari
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Functional Independence Measure ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional

Aims: To determine the prevalence, cognitive performance and functionality of elderly people with Alzheimer's disease in long-stay institutions for the elderlyin the city of Bento Gonçalves. Methods: Cross-sectional study including 24 elderly residents in long-stay institutions for the elderly, sociodemographic datawere obtained, and the elderly were subjected to functional evaluation by the Functional Independence Measure and evaluation of cognitive performancethrough the mental state the Mini (MMSE). Results: Most of the residents were female (83%), as 54.2% schooling had completed junior high school, mostof the elderly (70.8%) was admitted by the will of the family, 100% of the elderly showed cognitive performance bad, and the smaller the more dependentcognitive performance was the individual. Conclusion: institutionalized elderly with Alzheimer's disease had negative results on cognitive performance,as well as deficits in their ability to perform activities of daily living, thus altering their functionality.Keywords: aging; functionality; cognition; Alzheimer Disease; long-stay institutions.

scholarly journals Plasma osteopontin as a biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular cognitive impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuek Ling Chai ◽  
Joyce R. Chong ◽  
Ainiah R. Raquib ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Saima Hilal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractCerebrovascular disease (CeVD) and neurodegenerative dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are frequently associated comorbidities in the elderly, sharing common risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms including neuroinflammation. Osteopontin (OPN) is an inflammatory marker found upregulated in vascular diseases as well as in AD. However, its involvement in vascular dementia (VaD) and pre-dementia stages, namely cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND), both of which fall under the spectrum of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), has yet to be examined. Its correlations with inflammatory cytokines in cognitive impairment also await investigation. 80 subjects with no cognitive impairment (NCI), 160 with CIND and 144 with dementia were included in a cross-sectional study on a Singapore-based memory clinic cohort. All subjects underwent comprehensive clinical, neuropsychological and brain neuroimaging assessments, together with clinical diagnoses based on established criteria. Blood samples were collected and OPN as well as inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were measured using immunoassays. Multivariate regression analyses showed significant associations between increased OPN and VCI groups, namely CIND with CeVD, AD with CeVD and VaD. Interestingly, higher OPN was also significantly associated with AD even in the absence of CeVD. We further showed that increased OPN significantly associated with neuroimaging markers of CeVD and neurodegeneration, including cortical infarcts, lacunes, white matter hyperintensities and brain atrophy. OPN also correlated with elevated levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF. Our findings suggest that OPN may play a role in both VCI and neurodegenerative dementias. Further longitudinal analyses are needed to assess the prognostic utility of OPN in disease prediction and monitoring.

Plasma Osteopontin as a Biomarker of Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Cognitive Impairment: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuek Ling Chai ◽  
Joyce R Chong ◽  
Ainiah R Raquib ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Saima Hilal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) and neurodegenerative dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are frequently associated comorbidities in the elderly, sharing common risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms including neuroinflammation. Osteopontin (OPN) is an inflammatory marker found upregulated in vascular diseases as well as in AD. However, its involvement in vascular dementia (VaD) and pre-dementia stages, namely cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND), both of which fall under the spectrum of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) has yet to be examined. Its correlations with inflammatory cytokines in cognitive impairment also await investigation. Methods: 80 subjects with no cognitive impairment (NCI), 160 with CIND and 144 with dementia were included in a cross-sectional study on a Singapore-based memory clinic cohort. All subjects underwent comprehensive clinical, neuropsychological and brain neuroimaging assessments, together with clinical diagnoses based on established criteria. Blood samples were collected and OPN as well as inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were measured using immunoassays. Results: Multivariate regression analyses showed significant associations between increased OPN and VCI groups, namely CIND with CeVD, AD with CeVD and VaD. Interestingly, higher OPN was also significantly associated with AD even in the absence of CeVD. We further showed that increased OPN significantly associated with neuroimaging markers of CeVD and neurodegeneration, including cortical infarcts, lacunes, white matter hyperintensities and brain atrophy. OPN also correlated with elevated levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that OPN may play a role in both VCI and neurodegenerative dementias. Further longitudinal analyses are needed to assess the prognostic utility of OPN in disease prediction and monitoring.

Spatial Navigation in the Elderly with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1683-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Zanco ◽  
Jessica Plácido ◽  
Valeska Marinho ◽  
José Vinicius Ferreira ◽  
Felipe de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals SERUM 25(OH)D SIGNIFICANTLY IMPACTS ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE IN OLDER ADULTS LIVING IN LONG-TERM CARE COMMUNITIES.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S863-S863
Author(s):  
Robert A Churchill ◽  
Ronna Robbins ◽  
Nalini Ranjit ◽  
Sara Sweitzer ◽  
Margaret Briley
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D

Abstract 6.08 million Americans suffer from Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), with some estimating diagnoses will reach 15.0 million by 2060. Age is the strongest risk factor for AD, and the prevalence of AD among older adults necessitates investigation into preventable risk factors. 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency is more prevalent in older adults than other age demographics. Research shows a strong correlation between deficient 25(OH)D serum levels (≤20ng/ml) and AD diagnosis. The association with insufficient (≤30 ng/ml) levels remains unclear. Older adults (age > 65 yo) of five LTC communities in Texas participated in the cross-sectional study. One-year medical history and demographics were abstracted from medical records using double-blinded data abstraction and entry. Blood draws measured 25(OH)D serum levels. Adjusted logistic regression models examined if insufficient 25(OH)D serum levels (≤30 ng/ml) are associated with AD diagnosis. Confounders were total daily vitamin D supplementation, BMI, race, gender, age, years in community, and diagnosis of liver and renal disease. Participants (n=174, mean age: 83 yo) consisted of 63% female and 89% Caucasian. Fifty five percent had insufficient serum 25(OH)D levels (mean level: 32.6 ng/ml; mean supplementation rate: 1,138 IU per/d), and 20% had diagnosis of AD. 25% had both insufficient serum levels and AD, while 12.6% had adequate serum levels and AD. Those with insufficient 25(OH)D serum levels had elevated odds (OR=2.8; CL: 1.14, 7.02; p=0.024) of having AD after adjusting for confounders. Insufficient serum 25(OH)D levels (≤30 ng/ml) are associated with increased diagnoses of AD, indicating the importance of adequate levels among LTC residents.

scholarly journals Perceived stress and depressive symptoms not neuropsychiatric symptoms predict caregiver burden in Alzheimer’s disease: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manee Pinyopornpanish ◽  
Kanokporn Pinyopornpanish ◽  
Atiwat Soontornpun ◽  
Surat Tanprawate ◽  
Angkana Nadsasarn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Caregiver burden affects the caregiver’s health and is related to the quality of care received by patients. This study aimed to determine the extent to which caregivers feel burdened when caring for patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and to investigate the predictors for caregiving burden. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. One hundred two caregivers of patients with AD at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, a tertiary care hospital, were recruited. Assessment tools included the perceived stress scale (stress), PHQ-9 (depressive symptoms), Zarit Burden Interview-12 (burden), Clinical Dementia Rating (disease severity), Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaires (neuropsychiatric symptoms), and Barthel Activities Daily Living Index (dependency). The mediation analysis model was used to determine any associations. Results A higher level of severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms (r = 0.37, p < 0.01), higher level of perceived stress (r = 0.57, p < 0.01), and higher level of depressive symptoms (r = 0.54, p < 0.01) were related to a higher level of caregiver burden. The direct effect of neuropsychiatric symptoms on caregiver burden was fully mediated by perceived stress and depressive symptoms (r = 0.13, p = 0.177), rendering an increase of 46% of variance in caregiver burden by this parallel mediation model. The significant indirect effect of neuropsychiatric symptoms by these two mediators was (r = 0.21, p = 0.001). Conclusion Caregiver burden is associated with patients’ neuropsychiatric symptoms indirectly through the caregiver’s depressive symptoms and perception of stress. Early detection and provision of appropriate interventions and skills to manage stress and depression could be useful in reducing and preventing caregiver burden.

Evaluation of macrolinguistic aspects of the oral discourse in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1343-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Onofre de Lira ◽  
Thaís Soares Cianciarullo Minett ◽  
Paulo Henrique Ferreira Bertolucci ◽  
Karin Zazo Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Discourse ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cohesive Devices ◽  
Global Coherence ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Study Setting

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative syndrome that impairs cognitive functioning, including speech and language. Discourse can be used to analyze language processing, which is organized into microlinguistic and macrolinguistic dimensions.Objectives:To identify the occurrence of changes in the macrolinguistic dimension of oral discourse in AD patients. Design: This was developed as a cross-sectional study. Setting: Outpatient clinic of the Behavioural Neurology Division of São Paulo Federal University.Participants:121 elderly patients, with ≥ 4 years of education, divided into AD and comparison groups.Measurements:The subjects were asked to create a narrative based on seven figures that made up a story. The macrolinguistic aspects of the narratives were analyzed.Results:The performance of the AD group was inferior to that of the comparison group on content-related, no-content-related complete and incomplete propositions as well as macropropositions, main information units, appropriated local and global coherence, cohesive devices and all subtypes, cohesive errors and some of their subtypes. Global coherence, macropropositions and ellipsis subtype of cohesive devices were the variables that best differentiated the groups.Conclusions:Changes were observed in most aspects of the macrolinguistic dimension of oral discourse in patients with AD.

scholarly journals Neuropsychiatric symptoms and severity of dementia

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Gustavo Henrique de Oliveira Caldas ◽  
Sueli Luciano Pires ◽  
Milton Luiz Gorzoni
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specific Stage ◽  
Severity Of Dementia

ABSTRACT Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) cause distress, disabilitiy and reduced quality of life for both the patient and their families Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of NPS as a specific stage of dementia status. Methods: A cross-sectional study in patients attending an outpatient clinic for dementia was performed. We applied the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 17 software. Results: The 124 subjects (mean age of 80.4±7.0 years), 88 women (70.9%) had average duration of dementia of 7.1±3.2 years, most common dementias of Alzheimer's disease (35.5%) and mixed (31.5%) and most prevalent NPS of apathy (75%) and irritability (66.9%). Correlation between apathy and a CDR 1 had a PR (prevalence ratio) = 0.289 and p<0.001 while between apathy and CDR 4-5 (PR=8.333, p<0.005). A similar result was found between aberrant motor behavior (AMB) and CDR 1 (PR=0.352, p<0.003) and between AMB and CDR4-5 (PR=2.929, p<0.006). Conclusion: Alzheimer's disease and mixed dementia were predominant, while apathy and AMB were detected in association with the progressive stages of dementia.

scholarly journals Frequency and Severity of Adverse Drug Reactions to Medications Prescribed for Alzheimer’s Disease in a Brazilian City: Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Regina Ferreira ◽  
Luciane Cruz Lopes ◽  
Cristiane de Càssia Bergamaschi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Health System ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: There is lack of national studies that assess the risks associated with the drugs provided under the Brazilian public health system for treating Alzheimer’s disease. Then, this study determined the prevalence and severity of self-reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) prescribed to patients with Alzheimer’s disease in the Brazilian public health system.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out based on public data from the MEDEX system (information on dispensing data, known as exceptional dispensing medications) and interviews with patients and/or caregivers who get access to Alzheimer’s drugs at a public pharmacy in a large Brazilian city, between July and September 2017, inquiring about ADRs and serious adverse events (SAEs).Results: The subjects were asked about ADRs and SAEs related to the use of donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine and memantine. Out of 285 patients enrolled on the database, 250 participated in the study (87.7%). Among the participants, approximately 63.0% were female, 70.3% aged ≥75 years and 70.3% had comorbidities. Overall, 209 patients (83.6%) reported at least one ADR (total 1,149 ADRs) and rivastigmine was associated with the largest number of ADRs per patient (7.9 ADRs/patient). The predominant adverse effects were psychiatric disorders with common frequency (57.1%) and mild severity (89.0%). Six patients (2.4%) had SAEs that required hospitalization. The use of antipsychotics was the variable associated with ADR (OR = 4.95; 95% CI: 1.45–16.93; p = 0.011).Conclusion: There was a large number of reported ADRs and most of them were of common frequency and mild severity, being mainly related to psychiatric disorders. Considering the fragility of these patients, it is important to improve safety-related care in the use of drugs for treating this disease.

scholarly journals OLD AGE HOMES: ARE THEY ACCEPTABLE TO PAKISTANI GERIATRIC POPULATION? RESULTS OF A SURVEY OF ELDERLY OUTPATIENTS VISITING TEACHING HOSPITALS IN KARACHI, PAKISTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waris Qidwai ◽  
Imdad Ali Khushk ◽  
Fizzah Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Yusuf Hafiz ◽  
Kashmira Nanji
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Old Age Homes

Background: Worldwide, some one million people pass the sixty year old threshold every month (Ageing, WHO). Between 2010 and 2050, the number of older people in less developed countries is projected to increase. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in Outpatient clinics (OPD) of two hospitals in Karachi from April to May 2013. Elderly (> 60 years of age) visiting the clinics were consecutively recruited. 477 elderly were approached and a pretested, structured questionnaire was used to obtain information. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 19 and Pearson chi-square test was used to identify the factors related to choosing of "Old Age Homes". Results: A total of 400 participants were selected. Fifty-five percent of the elderly were in between 60 to 65 years of age and majority was males 54.8 percent. Elderly were aware of the presence of "Old Age Homes" in Pakistan, however only 7 percent choose to live in there. The main reason was found to be that the elderly did not want to go away from their families and loved ones. Conclusion: In conclusion, majority of the participants felt insecure to live in a home with strangers. However, "Old Age Homes" were preferred choice for those with chronic diseases or those living alone. Media should initiate public education programs to reduce social stigmas in seeking alternate long-term care services outside of the family.

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