scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Rhamnus prinoides extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
kindu geta ◽  
Mulugeta Kibret
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Broth Dilution

Abstract Medicinal plants offer a major and accessible source of health care to people living in developing countries. Increasing in resistant microbial infections intensified the search for new, safer, and more efficacious agents to combat serious microbial infections. Acanthus sennii is one of the medicinal plants used traditionally for treatment of different infectious diseases in Ethiopian. Therefore, this research was carried out to evaluate antibacterial activity of Acanthus sennii against pathogenic bacteria. The antimicrobial activity tests of the plant extracts against pathogenic bacteria were carried out by the agar well diffusion method. Broth dilution and streak plate method were used to determine MIC and MBC of extracts respectively. The results revealed that ethanol extracts of leaves showed the highest antibacterial activity against standard strains of S.aureus with inhibition zone of 14±0.58mm and 17±0.67mm at 50mg/ml and at 25mg/ml respectively. Ethanol extracts of buds showed the highest antibacterial activity against standard strains of S.aureus with inhibition zone of 25.67±0.67mm at 100mg/ml. The lowest mean MIC value (2.6±0.52 mg/ml) was recorded with ethanol extract of leaves against standard strains and clinical isolates of S. aureus. The lowest mean MBC value (4.2±1.04 mg/ml) was recorded with ethanol extract of leaves against standard strains of S. aureu. Acanthus sennii could be a good candidate in the search for new antibacterial agents from natural products against bacterial pathogens. Therefore, further studies are needed to study their toxicology and isolate the bio- active components from this plant. Key words: Acanthus sennii, Antibacterial activity, MIC, MBC, pathogenic bacteria

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Rhamnus prinoides extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
kindu geta ◽  
Mulugeta Kibret
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Broth Dilution

Abstract Background: Infectious diseases caused by bacteria have a large impact on public health. Increasingly resistant microbial infections intensified the search for new, safer, and more efficacious agents to combat serious microbial infections. Plants have played a central part in combating many diseases in human and domestic animals in many local communities, including Africa. Rhamnus prinoides is Ethiopian medicinal plants that have been used traditionally for the treatment of diverse infectious diseases. Therefore, this research was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Rhamnus prinoides extracts against pathogenic bacteria. Methods: The antimicrobial activity tests were carried out by the agar well diffusion method. Broth dilution and streak plate methods were used to determine MIC and MBC values of extracts respectively. Results: The results revealed that ethanol extracts of fruits showed the highest antibacterial activity against standard strains of S. aureus with mean inhibition zone of 26± 0.58, 28.33±1.2 and 33.33± 0.9 mm at 25, 50 and 100 mg/ml respectively. The lowest mean MIC value (1.04 mg/ml) was recorded with ethanol extract of fruits against the standard strains of S. aureus and the lowest mean MBC value (2.08 mg/ml) was recorded with ethanol extract of fruits against the standard strains and clinical isolates of S. aureus. Conclusion: On the basis of the current findings, Rhamnus prinoides could be a good candidate in the search for new antibacterial agents from natural products against bacterial pathogens. Therefore, further studies are needed to study their toxicology and isolate the bio- active components from this plant.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Rhamnus prinoides extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
KINDU GETA
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Abstract Background: Infectious diseases caused by bacteria have a large impact on public health. Increasing in resistant microbial infections intensified the search for new, safer, and more efficacious agents to combat serious microbial infections. Plants have played a central part in combating many diseases in human and domestic animal in many local communities, including Africa. Rhamnus prinoides is Ethiopian medicinal plants that have been used traditionally for the treatment of diverse infectious diseases. Therefore, this research was carried out to evaluate antibacterial activity Rhamnus prinoides extracts against pathogenic bacteria. Methods: The antimicrobial activity tests were carried out by the agar well diffusion method. Broth dilution and streak plate methods were used to determine MIC and MBC of extracts respectively. Results: The results revealed that ethanol extracts of fruits showed the highest antibacterial activity against standard strains of S.aureus with mean inhibition zone of 26±0.58, 28.33±1.2 and 33.33±0.9mm at 25, 50 and 100mg/ml respectively. The lowest mean MIC value (1.04±0.26 mg/ml) was recorded with ethanol extract of fruits against standard strains of S. aureus and the lowest mean MBC value (2.08±0.52 mg/ml) was recorded with ethanol extract of fruits against standard strains and clinical isolates of S. aureu. Conclusion: On the basis of the current findings, Rhamnus prinoides could be a good candidate in the search for new antibacterial agents from natural products against bacterial pathogens. Therefore, further studies are needed to study their toxicology and isolate the bio- active components from this plant.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Rhamnus prinoides extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
KINDU GETA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Microbial Infections

Abstract Background: Infectious diseases caused by bacteria have a large impact on public health. Increasing in resistant microbial infections intensified the search for new, safer, and more efficacious agents to combat serious microbial infections. Plants have played a central part in combating many diseases in human and domestic animal in many local communities, including Africa. Rhamnus prinoides is Ethiopian medicinal plants that have been used traditionally for the treatment of diverse infectious diseases. Therefore, this research was carried out to evaluate antibacterial activity Rhamnus prinoides extracts against pathogenic bacteria. Methods: The antimicrobial activity tests were carried out by the agar well diffusion method. Broth dilution and streak plate methods were used to determine MIC and MBC of extracts respectively. Results: The results revealed that ethanol extracts of fruits showed the highest antibacterial activity against standard strains of S.aureus with mean inhibition zone of 26±0.58, 28.33±1.2 and 33.33±0.9mm at 25, 50 and 100mg/ml respectively. The lowest mean MIC value (1.04 mg/ml) was recorded with ethanol extract of fruits against standard strains of S. aureus and the lowest mean MBC value (2.08 mg/ml) was recorded with ethanol extract of fruits against standard strains and clinical isolates of S. aureu. Conclusion: On the basis of the current findings, Rhamnus prinoides could be a good candidate in the search for new antibacterial agents from natural products against bacterial pathogens. Therefore, further studies are needed to study their toxicology and isolate the bio- active components from this plant. Key words: Antibacterial activity, Escherichia coli, MBC, MIC, Rhamnus prinoides, Staphylococcus aureus

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of Acanthus sennii extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-113
Author(s):  
Kindu Geta ◽  
Mulugeta Kibret
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Medicinal plants offer a major and accessible source of health care to people living in developing countries. Increasing drug resistant microbial infections intensified the search for new, safer, and more efficacious agents against microbial infections. Acanthus sennii is one of the medicinal plants used traditionally for the treatment of different infectious diseases in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate antibacterial activity of A. sennii against pathogenic bacteria. Plant materials were extracted by maceration technique with chloroform, ethanol and water solvents. The antibacterial activities of the crude extracts of the plant were carried out by the agar well diffusion method. Broth dilution method was used to determine minimum inhibitory and streak plate bactericidal concentration of extracts. The results revealed that ethanol extracts of leaves revealed high antibacterial activity against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone of 14±0.6 mm at 25 mg/ml and 17±0.7 mm at 50 mg/ml. Ethanol extracts of buds showed high antibacterial activity against standard strains of S. aureus with inhibition zone of 25.7±0.7 mm at 100 mg/ml, also against standard strains of E. coli with inhibition zone of 16 mm at 50 mg/ml and 23.7 mm at 100 mg/ml. The mean minimum inhibitory concentration of 5.2±1.8 and 2.6±0.5 mg/ml was recorded for ethanol extract of leaves against standard strains of E. coli and clinical isolates of S. aureus; the mean minimum bactericidal concentration of 4.2±1.0 mg/ml with ethanol extract of leaves against standard strains of S. aureus; and the mean minimum bactericidal concentration of 12.5 mg/ml against standard strains and clinical isolates of E. coli. The result showed that A. sennii could be a candidate in the search for new antibacterial agents against these bacteria and its use in ethnomedicinal treatment of infectious diseases used by local communities may be validated. Isolating bio-active components and determining toxicity are future agenda. Keywords: Acanthus sennii, Antibacterial activity, E. coli, Minimum inhibition concentration, Minimum bactericidal concentration, S. aureus  

Bioenhancing Effect of Cow Urine Distillate and Pepper Extract on Antibacterial Activity of Azadirachta Indica Leaves

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3212-3214
Author(s):  
Pramod Dhakal ◽  
Ankit a Achary ◽  
Vedamurthy Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Cow Urine

Bioenhancers are drug facilitator which do not show the typical drug activity but in combination to enhance the activity of other molecule in several way including increase the bioavailability of drug across the membrane, potentiating the drug molecules by conformational interaction, acting as receptor for drug molecules and making target cell more receptive to drugs and promote and increase the bioactivity or bioavailability or the uptake of drugs in combination therapy. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial and activity of combination in Azadirachta indica extract with cow urine distillate and pepper extract against common pathogenic bacteria, a causative agent of watery diarrhea. It has been found that Indian indigenous cow urine and its distillate also possess bioenhancing ability. Bioenhancing role of cow urine distillate (CUD) and pepper extract was investigated on antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica. Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract neem alone and in combination with CUD and pepper extract were determined the ATCC strains against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E-coli by cup plate diffusion method. Ethanol extract of neem has showed more effect on P. aeruginosa, E-coli than S. aureus and K. pneumonia with combination of CUD and pepper extract. CUD and pepper did not show any inhibition of test bacteria in low concentration. The antibacterial effect of combination of extract and CUD was higher than the inhibition caused by extract alone and is suggestive of the bioenhancing role of cow urine distillate and pepper. Moreover, inhibition of test bacteria was observed with less concentration of extract on combining with CUD

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity Test of Bacteriocin from Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum Against Gram Positive Pathogenic Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Novi Permata Sari ◽  
Rafika Sari ◽  
Eka Kartika Untari
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Ph Range

Bacteriocin is a secondary metabolite product of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which have an antimicrobial and potentially as a natural preservative. LAB isolates used in this study were Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of bacteriocin produced by each isolate of LAB including the influence of pH and heating variation against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antibacterial activity test was done by using disc diffusion method. method. Confirmation test using proteolytic enzyme aimed to analyse that the inhibition zone produced from the activity of bacteriocin. The inhibition zone produced from L. brevis, L. casei and L. plantarum against B. cereus were 15.70, 16.43 and 14.50 mm, against B. subtilis were 13.37, 14.10 and 12.53 mm and against S. epidermidis were 11.37, 14.50 and 12.45 mm. The activity of each bacteriocin decreased with the addition of trypsin and catalase, bacteriocin was active in the pH range of 2-10 and heating temperature of 40-121oC. Statistical test showed that the addition of trypsin, catalase and the variation of pH also heating had significant differences (p<0.05) to antibacterial activity produced by bacteriocin from L. brevis, L. casei and L. plantarum. 

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI KAPULAGA JAWA (Amomum compactum Soland. ex Maton) TERHADAP Streptococcus pyogenes

EKOLOGIA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Oom Komala ◽  
. Ismanto ◽  
Muhammad Alan Maulana
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Amomum Compactum

Streptococcus pyogenes is one of the pathogenic bacteria that causes pharyngitis. Natural treatment to overcome these problems is to use cardamom seeds. The purpose of this study was to test the antibacterial activity, determine the concentration of inhibitory zone and phytochemical compounds from  ethanol 96% extract of Java cardamom seeds (Amomum compactum Soland. Ex Maton) against Streptococcus pyogenes. The method is used   solid dilution and paper disc diffusion method. The solid dilution method is used for the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test with a concentration of 1.25%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% while the paper diffusion method is used for the Inhibition zone Diameter (IZD)  using five treatments namely three concentrations of ethanol 96% extract of Java cardamom seeds (7.5%, 10% and 12%), one positive control of amoxicillin 0.01 mg/mL and one negative control of sterile distilled water. IZD data were  analyzed using ANOVA with a confidence level of 95% and α = 0.05 and Duncan's further tests to determine differences between treatments. The results showed that the MIC  was at a concentration of 7.5% while for the IZD test which had the highest activity there was a concentration of 12% with an average inhibition diameter of 12.03 ± 0.14 mm. In addition, ethanol 96% extract of Java cardamom seeds contain alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and tannins which function in antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Combined activity of Azadirachta indica and Dodonea viscose leaves extract on some selected pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. I Isah ◽  
A.I. Aminu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plant Materials

The study was undertaken to investigate the antimicrobial activity both individually and in combination of two Nigerian plants (Azadirachta indica and Dodonea viscosa) against a variety of pathogenic bacteria. Five bacterial species namely; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected for the assays. The powdered plant materials of the two plants were extracted using sohxlet extraction technique with methanol water and petroleum ether as solvents. The crude extracts of the two plants were subjected to phytochemical screening for qualitative detection of plant secondary metabolites. The extracts were further tested for antibacterial activity against the selected pathogens singly and then combined using agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity of the two plants singly indicates that the methanolic extract possess the highest antibacterial activity at a concentration of 50mg/ml with an inhibition zone of 23.3±0.5mm compared to aqueous extract with 21.7±0.5mm inhibition zone at a concentration of 50mg/ml. The least activity was observed with the petroleum ether extract with an inhibition zone of 7.3±0.5mm at a concentration of 12.5mg/ml. Combination of the plants extracts exhibited lower antibacterial activity on the test isolates compared to single plants as evidenced by the production of lower inhibition zones. Key words: Azadirachta indica, Dodonea viscosa, pathogens, antimicrobial activity, synergistic effect

scholarly journals Perbandingan Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Etanol dari Tiga Spesies Ganoderma Asal Pulau Lombok

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-172
Author(s):  
Faturrahman Faturrahman ◽  
Sukiman Sukiman ◽  
Bambang Fajar Suryadi ◽  
Sarkono Sarkono ◽  
Ernin Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The use of antibiotics is one of the most important ways to deal with the spread and treatment of pathogenic microbial infections. The search for new antibiotic sources continues to be carried out to anticipate the emergence of microbial resistance. One of the natural resources that has the potential as an antimicrobial source is a member of the macrofungi of the Genus Ganoderma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial performance of the ethanol extracts of Ganoderma  lucidum, G. applanatum dan Ganorderma sp. against fungi (Candida albicans dan Cryptococcus neoformans),  gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus dan Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli dan Shigella sp.). Macrofungi samples were taken from the forest area of Nature Tourism Park (TWA) Gunung Tunak, TWA Kerandangan, TWA Suranadi, TWA Nuraksa Sesaot, TWA Lemor and Pusuk forest. The stages of the method performed are sample collection, sample preparation, extraction, and testing of antimicrobial activity using the well difusion method. The ethanol extract concentrations for testing were 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. The results showed that the three Ganoderma species had anti-fungal and antibacterial activity and that different levels of concentration had an effect on inhibition. The size of the inhibition zone is directly proportional to the higher the extract concentration. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract of G. lucidum was higher when compared to G. applanatum and Ganoderma sp. both against fungi (Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans) as well as against gram-positive and gram-negative test bacteria. In addition, G. applanatum showed very weak inhibition against both groups of tested bacteria.  Key words: candidiasis; cryptococcosis; comorbid infections; macerations; pathogens

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL RIMPANG KUNYIT (Curcuma longa L.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus DAN Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 278-287
Author(s):  
Lia Fikayuniar ◽  
Neni Sri Gunarti ◽  
Mellya Apriliani
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Paper Disk

ABSTRAK Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman obat yang termasuk dalam keluarga Zingiberaceae. Senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam rimpang kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) mampu bekerja sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak etanol rimpang kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara refluks menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi paper disk dengan masing-masing konsentrasi ekstrak 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% b/v. Kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah Ciprofloxacin sedangkan kontrol negatif yang digunakan adalah DMSO. Hasil skrining fitokimia ekstrak etanol rimpang kunyit mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, tanin dan terpenoid. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ekstrak etanol rimpang kunyit dapat menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa pada konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% dan konsentrasi 40% merupakan konsentrasi yang memberikan diameter zona hambat terbesar terhadap kedua bakteri uji yaitu 8,63 mm dan 7,8 mm. Kata Kunci : aktivitas antibakteri, Curcuma longa L., Staphylococcus aureus,    ABSTRACT Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is one type of medicinal plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. The active compounds contained in the Curcuma longa L. rhizome can work as antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Curcuma longa L. Antibacterial activity testing was carried out using the paper disk diffusion method with each extract concentration of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%. The positive control used was Ciprofloxacin while the negative control used was DMSO. The results of phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract of Curcuma longa L. rhizome contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins and terpenoids. Based on the results of the study, the ethanol extract of turmeric rhizome can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria at concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 40% concentrations which give the largest inhibition zone diameter of the two test bacteria which is 8.63 mm and 7.8 mm. Keywords: antibacterial activity, Curcuma longa L., Staphylococcus aureus,  

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