A 3×4 drop-plating protocol for estimation of Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, taking Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing Escherichia coli as an example.
Abstract The estimation of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria plays an important role in risk assessment and surveillance. To test the concentration of resistant bacteria with colony count is a fast and straightforward way to perform. Here we describe an optimized drop-plating method for colony counting of resistant bacteria. We took the ESBL-producing E. coli in freshwater samples as an example. The optimized methods can successfully quantify ESBL-producing E. coli of water samples in a concentration range of 104 CFU/L to 106 CFU/L. We have shown that this drop-plating method is comparable to the direct spreading method by testing with both methods on a series of simulated samples, which were constructed using raw surface water spiked with different concentrations of ESBL-producing E. coli. The ESBL-producing phenotype has been further confirmed with the double-disc synergy test. Compared to direct spread methods, our methods can save consumables and operate with smaller sample sizes. Therefore, this method could be more sustainable in AMR surveillance and risk assessment.