scholarly journals Study on Competency Elements of Excellent Front-Line Health Inspector Based on BEI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Chunhong Zhou ◽  
Xiaoling Chen ◽  
Yuzhong Yan
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Health Inspection ◽  
Evidence Collection ◽  
Coordination Ability ◽  
Communication And Coordination ◽  
High Consistency ◽  
Pudong New Area ◽  
Site Control ◽  
Resources Planning

Abstract Background: In order to find out the competency elements of excellent front-line health inspector, and to improve the comprehensive quality and law enforcement level, we conducted this study. Methods: From May to September in 2020, seven health inspectors engaged in front-line inspection and law enforcement work in the Pudong New Area Health Inspection agency were interviewed by using the method of key Behavior Event Interview (BEI). The competency differences of front-line personnel with different performance levels were compared. Combined with the results of expert consultation, the prominent competency elements of excellent front-line health inspector were found out. Results: The total 6 prominent competency elements were investigation and evidence collection ability, on-site control ability, legal awareness, career love, communication and coordination ability, teamwork ability. Cohen's Kappa coefficient of the two coders was more than 0.6, which had high consistency. Conclusion: The key Behavior Event Interview (BEI) is scientific and reasonable method to find out prominent competency elements of excellent front-line health inspector, and the prominent competency elements found out will be helpful in the human resources planning and management of health inspection in the future.

Cloudy days ahead: Cross-border evidence collection and its impact on the rights of EU citizens

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-250
Author(s):  
Lawrence Siry
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Cloud Storage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Evidence Collection ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, the development of cloud storage and the ease of cross-border communication have rendered the area of evidence collection particularly difficult for law enforcement agencies (LEAs), courts and academics. Evidence related to a criminal act in one jurisdiction might be stored in a different jurisdiction. Often it is not even clear in which jurisdiction the relevant data are, and at times the data may be spread over multiple jurisdictions. The traditional rules related to cross-border evidence collection, the mutual legal assistance treaty (MLAT) regimes, have proved to be out-dated, cumbersome and inefficient, as they were suited for a time when the seeking of cross-border evidence was more infrequent. In order to tackle this problem, the United States has enacted the Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act, which gives extraterritorial e-evidence collection powers to US courts. Simultaneously, the European Union (EU) has proposed similar sweeping changes which would allow for LEAs in Member States to preserve and collect cloud-based evidence outside of the MLAT system. This article critically evaluates these developments from the perspective of the impact on the rights of EU citizens.

Ethical leadership within law enforcement agencies: pedagogical and cultural challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-82
Author(s):  
Haydn W. McComas
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Ethical Reasoning ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Law Enforcement Leaders ◽  
Ethical Efficacy

Purpose Effective ethical leadership is crucial for law enforcement leaders. Ultimately the presence or absence of ethical leadership has significant implications for society. Yet Western law enforcement agencies (LEAs) invest little by way of time, effort or understanding into how law enforcement leaders interpret and develop a sense of ethical competence for leadership. This is a significantly under-researched area within law enforcement anywhere in the world. The purpose of this paper is to assess, measure and more fully understand how social constructivism, problem-based learning (PBL) and self-reflection assist front-line leaders to learn and internalise ethical reasoning for leadership within a law enforcement environment. Design/methodology/approach The research was designed to assess, measure and more fully understand how social constructivism, PBL and self-reflection assist front-line leaders to learn and internalise ethical reasoning for leadership within a law enforcement environment. Data were collected during a two-day ethical leadership workshop delivered to 13 leaders in supervisory positions from the Australian Border Force and the Australian Federal Police. The pedagogical approach was to blend PBL and self-reflection within a social constructivist centred learning experience and measure changes in the ethical efficacy of the research participants through qualitative and quantitative measures. Findings The research suggests that blending PBL and self-reflection within a social constructivist learning environment can contribute towards law enforcement leaders’ learning and internalising of ethical reasoning. This is demonstrated through the measurement of ethical efficacy both before and after the learning experience, with particular growth evident towards understanding ethical perspectives and concepts. Research limitations/implications Limitations include the fact that results cannot be generalised due to the size of the case study. This is compounded by the fact that much of the data are self-reported and responses offered by the participants are subjective. As a result, much of the data were subject to the attitudes and personal perceptions of the participants thus making the information subjective. Aside from demonstrating an impactful learning approach, this research has highlighted that amongst contemporary Australian LEAs there has been little effort or progress towards finding meaningful and effective pathways to encourage or grow ethical efficacy. Practical implications Given challenges faced by LEAs, both Australian and international, the critical need for investment in learning for ethical leadership is both clear and emergent. Law enforcement ethical leadership learning cannot be satisfied through online learning and other cost-efficient means alone. A face-to-face problem-based and reflective learning environment that combines trust, tools and tension in equal measure offers promise for enhanced ethical efficacy. Achieving this requires significant investment in face-to-face learning utilising high-level facilitation skills. Social implications There is a deep and disturbing malaise within Australian LEAs in relation to ethical leadership development, exacerbated by the dearth of investment directed towards learning for front-line ethical leadership. Australian LEAs sit at the crossroads in relation to their application of ethical leadership learning. Given the recent challenges, if these agencies fail to fully engage with this opportunity, the cost will be unfortunately borne by all citizens. Originality/value The implication is a clear need to understand and establish the most effective way for law enforcement officers to grasp the importance of ethics and in doing so, learn ethical leadership. Understanding how law enforcement leaders interpret and develop a sense of ethical competence for leadership is a significantly under-researched area within adult learning and there is little evidence of similar effort within law enforcement anywhere in the world. The overarching objective of this research therefore was to identify pathways that strengthen and enhance ethical leadership as an enabler towards achieving just and corruption-free law enforcement services for the communities.

scholarly journals Rangers can't be with every elephant: assessing rangers' perceptions of a community, problem-solving policing model for protected areas

Oryx ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
William D. Moreto ◽  
Richard Charlton
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Conservation Policy ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Wildlife Crime ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Study Participants

AbstractRecent studies have highlighted that illegal activities occurring within protected areas, including the poaching of fauna and flora, cannot be addressed with increased law enforcement alone. Moreover, research on the increasingly militarized nature of front-line conservation efforts has pointed to potentially detrimental aspects of such approaches. This has led to a shift in focus to identifying ways to further engage local communities in the prevention and reduction of wildlife crimes. However, few studies have examined the potential for changing the responsibilities of front-line conservation personnel or their views on such changes. Such insight is vital in forecasting the successful adoption of, or possible resistance towards, a more community-oriented policy. We examined rangers’ perceptions in Uganda to assess their attitudes towards traditional enforcement strategies and alternative, non-enforcement approaches for reducing illegal activities in protected areas. Our findings suggest that although respondents believed that traditional enforcement strategies (e.g. foot patrols) are important and effective in reducing wildlife crime, these strategies on their own were insufficient to address illegal activities. Study participants emphasized the importance of expanding the role of front-line rangers, in line with approaches suggested in the policing literature. We discuss the implications of our findings for transdisciplinary conservation science research and front-line conservation policy and practice.

Police officers, stigma, and the opioid epidemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan E Kruis ◽  
Jaeyong Choi ◽  
Richard H Donohue
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Multivariable Analyses

Researchers have suggested that provider-based stigma of substance use disorders is one barrier to fighting the opioid epidemic. Yet, to date, virtually no study has examined provider-based stigma among law enforcement officers who are on the front line of the opioid crisis. This study attempts to fill this gap in the literature by assessing provider-based stigma toward opioid-using persons among a sample of 208 police officers working for departments located in the Northeastern Region of the United States. Results show that officers hold relatively high levels of stigma toward this vulnerable population, as measured by perceptions of dangerousness, blame, and social distance; however, comparatively, officers hold less fatalistic views toward this group of persons. Additionally, our multivariable analyses indicated that officer rank, support for the disease model of addiction, and beliefs about the demographic characteristics of a substance-using person are significantly associated with provider-based stigma among officers. Potential policy implications are discussed within.

Pre-trial proceedings in a criminal case: the nature and methods of collecting evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Rossinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Criminal Case ◽  
Judicial Control ◽  
Security Technologies ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
Evidence Collection ◽  
Trial Evidence

The monograph is devoted to a comprehensive review of the problems of pre-trial evidence collection as one of the stages of the general procedural mechanism aimed at establishing the circumstances relevant to the criminal case. The essence, methodological basis and system of investigative actions, forensic examinations and other procedural methods of collecting evidence that make up the modern arsenal of bodies of inquiry and preliminary investigation are investigated. The main cognitive and security technologies used in conducting investigative and other procedural actions are highlighted. The problems of the theory and legal regulation of the general rules of their implementation, the procedural status of their participants, fixing their progress and results, judicial control over their production are reflected; the actual problems of investigative inspection, examination, search, interrogation, confrontation, forensic examination, as well as the presentation, demand and seizure (seizure) of objects and documents are considered. Special attention is paid to the applied aspects, the analysis of errors and difficulties that arise in modern law enforcement practice, and possible ways to overcome them are proposed. For researchers and practitioners, teachers, postgraduates( adjuncts), students, as well as anyone interested in topical issues of criminal procedure law and criminology.

How Do Police Officers Perceive the Challenges Posed by Covid-19: A Qualitative Case Study from Jammu Region in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-128
Author(s):  
Neelam Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Front Line ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Safety Personnel ◽  
Police Personnel ◽  
Front Line Workers

Police is an agency characterized by multi-functionality, to handle civic problems and to fight crime like robbery, murder, etc. As they are among the first ones to respond to an emergency, they have been classified as public safety personnel (PSP) such as medical officials and firefighters. The police personnel struggle hard to handle issues related to law enforcement functions, which consumes the bulk of their time. This paper discusses the main challenges faced by J & K Police officials (In incharge Police posts, Station House Officers and newly recruited Sub-Inspectors) posted in the Jammu region, during COVID-19. Such a study was needed due to the unanticipated situation created by COVID-19 and the unprecedented scale to which it affected people in general and front-line workers in particular. A qualitative approach has been used to present findings. Results show that during COVID-19, J & K police personnel have pursued their day-to-day activities quite zealously. Even if they do not have a day off and cannot celebrate festivals like other people, they are contented with whatever they have been able to do for society at large. Their families are supportive and do understand the toughness of their job, though at times, their preoccupation with a 24 × 7 job puts their personal relations at stake. They have efficient coping strategies. Despite experiencing physical and mental fatigue, they consider serving the nation as their prime duty. Health issues are common, but ignored by them. However, handling the public and keeping them indoors has been the biggest challenge faced by them. Many of them have reported the arrogance of the public, including the educated people, when asked for maintaining social distance and the reasons for coming out. This experience, coupled with extra efforts to be made by them in a crisis situation disheartens them.

scholarly journals Leadership approaches in law enforcement: A sergeant’s methods of achieving compliance with racial profiling policy from the front line

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Paul Rinkoff
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Racial Profiling ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Police Organization ◽  
Supportive Leadership ◽  
Municipal Police ◽  
Law Enforcement Leaders ◽  
Leadership Approaches ◽  
Line Officers

This research aims to fill a void in the extant policy implementation literature that has overlooked the leadership contribution of sergeants to the successful adoption of policy decisions by front-line police officers. Using a qualitative approach and a sociological institutionalism perspective, and focusing on the racial profiling policy of a large North American municipal police organization, 17 sergeants representing 17 divisions (precincts) were interviewed. This research does not aim to assess the efficacy of the selected policy but, rather, examines leadership and supervisory perspectives relating to implementation and compliance. The findings demonstrate the methods used by sergeants to influence and achieve the compliance of front-line police officers with the racial profiling policy. Methods include auditing, being present, training, encouraging, rewarding, and disciplining. To explain these methods, it is theorized that sergeants blend two leadership approaches to ensure front-line officers conform to the racial profiling policy: an authoritative leadership approach and a supportive leadership approach. This study emphasizes the leadership contributions of sergeants when attempting to implement perceived controversial or unpopular policy—in this case, racial profiling policy—in a police organization and contains implications for law enforcement leaders, oversight committees, policy writers, and all government legislators who oversee public safety and security.

scholarly journals EXTRA RESOURCES POOL - A PREREQUISITE FOR HOSPITAL DISASTER RESILIENCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1163-1166
Author(s):  
Mariya Georgieva ◽  
Rostislav Kostadinov
Keyword(s):  
Great Majority ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Medical Support ◽  
Complete Ignorance ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Communication And Coordination ◽  
Psychological Features ◽  
Resources Planning

Hospital resilience is function of an array of planning, organizational, physical and psychological features. They are related to the hospital staff readiness and preparedness, resources availability, type and stamina of the buildings and constructions, as well to the established communication and coordination within the region and country. When analyzing the disaster resilience, the main feature to be addressed is the disparity between required and available means and capabilities. The aim of this study is to analyze the hospital staff awareness regarding the need of focused resources planning for assuring the disaster hospital resilience. Material and methods: By the means of descriptive and comparative methods the records form diverse disaster medical support and hospitals involvement into the process are analyzed and the most frequent shortfalls regarding the resources exhaustion and its impact on hospital disaster resilience are presented. Dichotomous survey among 54 medical professionals was performed in order to discover their awareness regarding the existing into hospitals, they are working in, pools of resources dedicated for disaster medical support. Results and discussion: Great majority of the inquired hospital staff is demonstrating complete ignorance regarding the extra resources required in case of disastrous events. This could lead to improper use of the available resources when needed and to the poor disaster medical support results. Conclusion: Resources planning studies have to be more detailed during medical managers’ education.

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