STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SYMPTOMS AND CLINICAL SIGNS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERTHYROIDISM

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (4_Suppla) ◽  
pp. S37-S42
Author(s):  
B.-A. Lamberg ◽  
O. P. Heinonen ◽  
A. Aro ◽  
M. Viherkoski ◽  
P. Knekt
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nodular Goitre ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Toxic Nodular Goitre ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The occurrence of 15 symptoms and 11 clinical signs was studied in 101 hyperthyroid patients and 106 euthyroid subjects. The hyperthyroid group comprised 50 patients with toxic diffuse goitre and 51 with toxic nodular goitre. The control group included 31 subjects with non-toxic goitre. The symptoms and signs were registered in a standardised manner. The difference in the frequency of each symptom and sign between the hyperthyroid and the control group was analysed statistically. The most discriminatory were the symptoms and signs related to excessive production of heat and to stimulation of the nervous system. The results were mostly in agreement with those of the few previously existing reports. Lid signs, however, were in both groups less frequent than in a British material. The need for standardisation in registration of symptoms and signs is emphasized.

scholarly journals Neurologic and Inflammatory Manifestations in Sjögren’s Syndrome: The Role of Tryptophan/kynurenine Pathway

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola Reis Oliveira ◽  
Marina Zilio Fantucci ◽  
Leidiane Adriano ◽  
Valeria Valim ◽  
Thiago Mattar Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Glutamatergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Autonomic Functions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Cognitive Alterations

For decades, neurologic and other extra glandular manifestations have been described in Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). More recently, neuropathic, psychological and cognitive alterations are being considered part of the disease. The lacrimal glands (LG), the ocular surface (OS), salivary glands (SG) and the central nervous system (CNS) are integrated to modulate the autonomic functions and, not just those organs, but also the hippocampus, which is linked to the autonomic nervous system, and modulate behavior responses appears to be compromised in the SS. Recent studies confirm that the tryptophan/kynurenine pathway (TKP) can be stimulated by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and other cytokines, activating the indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in SS. This pathway interferes on serotonergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, mostly in the hippocampus, and other structures of the CNS. Although not demonstrated, it is plausible that this constant interference induces clinical signs of SS, and contributes to the discrepancy between symptoms and signs, towards manifestations of hyperalgesia and depression in patients with SS. Therapeutic strategies are being reexamined and new options designed and tested to regulate the involved steps of the TKP. In the future, the application of this concept may offer a clue to the mosaic of manifestations of SS.

scholarly journals Comparison of serum lead level of opium dependent patients with a healthy control group

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e08-e08
Author(s):  
Gholam Reza Masoomi ◽  
Zeinab Rastegar Chupani ◽  
Hazhir Heidari Beigvand ◽  
Mahdi Rezai ◽  
Shahin Dokht Hasan Pour
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Average Serum ◽  
And Control

Introduction: The prevalence of multiple symptoms, including mental illness, symptoms that mimic diseases such as pancreatitis, nonspecific abdominal pain and cholecystitis, are high in drug-dependent patients. Objectives: The aim of this study was to consider the clinical signs and serum lead levels of individuals referred to four university hospitals with various complaints. Patients and Methods: In this study, 128 sample cases in two groups, the case group and control group, have been examined. The case group included 64 persons using oral opium who were suffering from various complaints and referred to emergency department of mentioned hospitals. The control group included 64 patients without any history of addiction. Results: Mean of blood serum lead level in opium users and control group was 76.34±17.82 mg/dL and 7.68±3.72 mg/dL respectively, and the difference between these groups was significantly meaningful (P<0.001). The most prevalent complaints were abdominal pain and pulmonary complaints. Conclusion: Findings of the current study showed high levels for an average serum lead level for oral opium addicts among the studied statistical population. In addition, results show that ultimate diagnosis of lead poisoning is a factor justifying symptoms for addicts with nonspecific symptoms, the subject that confirms several previous reports. This finding asserts the necessity of screening of serum lead level for patients addicted to opium compounds in order to prevent more severe side effects.

scholarly journals Biochemical and haematological parameters in dogs with Cushing’s syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernes Karić ◽  
Aida Hodžić ◽  
Amir Zahirović ◽  
Amina Hrković-Porobija ◽  
Husein Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
As Stress

The exposure of the body to stress, regardless of whether it comes from physical, chemical or emotional stimuli from the environment, causes an inadequate adaptation of the organisms which can contribute to the development of various diseases. Abnormally high blood concentrations of cortisol, known as stress hormone, lead to the development of a hormonal disorder called hyperadrenocorticism or Cushing’s syndrome. In the majority of cases, Cushing’s syndrome is diagnosed when symptoms are apparent, and screening endocrinological test confirms the existence either of increased cortisol production or decreased sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to negative glucocorticoid feedback. In our research, we examined a total of 23 male and 7 female dogs that were suspected to have Cushing’s syndrome, based on history and clinical signs. A total of 15 male and 5 female dogs were positive for Cushing’s syndrome (HAC group), whereas the remaining dogs were used to form non-HAC group. Using the apparatus IDEXX “Vet Test 8008”, the following biochemical parameters were determined: glucose, urea, creatinine, phosphorus, calcium, total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, cholesterol, and amylase. Regarding haematological parameters, the following parameters were investigated: erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW), white blood cell count, haemoglobin and haematocrit, using “Laser cite vet lab Station” (IDEXX). No significant differences in haematological and biochemical blood parameters were noticed between the HAC and the non-HAC group of dogs. However, dogs suffering from Cushing’s syndrome had a higher value in the number of erythrocytes compared to the control group. The finding that has to be payed attention to is the difference in platelet count between the control group of dogs and dogs suffering from Cushing’s syndrome.

Stimulation of renin release by hyperkalemia in the nonfiltering kidney

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (2) ◽  
pp. F170-F176 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Lin ◽  
D. B. Young ◽  
M. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Range ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Renal Perfusion ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Renin Release ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Renal Perfusion Pressure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stimulation Of

This study was designed to analyze the acute effects of hyperkalemia on renin release in the normal filtering kidney and the nonfiltering kidney. Plasma K was increased by acute intravenous KCl infusion. In the normal filtering kidney experiment plasma K was 5.7 vs. 3.5 meq/l. Hyperkalemia resulted in a 45% increase in renal blood flow (RBF) and a 35% increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at the 120-mmHg pressure level. Renin release was significantly greater in the hyperkalemic group than in the control group (P less than 0.01) with the greatest effect over the lower pressure range. In the nonfiltering kidney experiment plasma K was 6.09 vs. 3.5 meq/l. RBF was 33% greater in the hyperkalemic than in the normokalemic group at the 130-mmHg pressure level. Renin release was also greater in the hyperkalemic group than in the normokalemic group (P less than 0.01). However, unlike the normal filtering kidney experiments, in the nonfiltering kidneys the difference in renin release was most prominent at the highest level of renal perfusion pressure. These experiments demonstrate that acute hyperkalemia can cause renal vasodilation and stimulate renin release in both filtering and nonfiltering kidney preparations and that potassium may affect renin release both through a direct effect on the juxtaglomerular cells and indirectly by affecting delivery of fluid and/or NaCl to the macula densa.

The role of external factors in realizing of the natural progress of the child’s motor development within the first year of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Galina S. Lupandina-Bolotova ◽  
Aliya A. Revina ◽  
Dmitry A. Ignatov
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Stimulation Of

Introduction. The development of a child in the first year of life provides the basis for their further harmonious growth. Motor development occurs in parallel with the ongoing gradual development of the nervous system. The transition to a new motor milestone is associated with the emergence of new skills; therefore, stimulation of motor development should occur in accordance with the next milestone of the nervous system development. Intervention in the natural process of the skills gaining without considering the developmental nervous system milestone leads to a change in the trajectory of motor progress of the child. Aim of the study was to assess the significance of individual elements of motor development for the function of balance and walking, as well as to identify the role of non-physiologic (contradicting motor ontogenesis) stimulation of motor skills in the evolvement of non-optimal motor patterns and impaired balance and walking function. Materials and methods. In total, 43 children aged ≥ 12 months admitted to the «Consultative Diagnostic Department» of the Federal State Autonomous Institution «National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health» of the Ministry of Health of Russia were examined within the framework of dispensary observation in the period from December 2016 to June 2019. The assessment of motor development was carried out according to the tests and questionnaires developed. The children were divided into two groups: the treatment group, in which the intervention was carried out, and the control group. Results. The frequency of realization of physiological patterns in children in the treatment group was 65.5%, and in the control group was 89.6%. The occurrence of the functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system was as follows: pathological functional kyphosis in the lumbar spine in children in the treatment group occurred in 73.1%, and in the control group in 26.9%; sitting on the sacrum occurred in 73.1% in the treatment group, and 26.9 % in the control group; impaired coordination in the treatment group occurred in 53.9%, and in 46.1% in the control group; decreased balance function in the treatment group occurred in 61.5%, and in 38.5% in the control group. Conclusion. Correct interaction with a child in the first year of life, in combination with physiological stimulation corresponding to the developmental milestones of the nervous system, allows the child to implement their motor skills in a timely manner, without disrupting the natural sequence of motor development, and minimizes the risks of functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system.

Ethanol-induced symptoms in patients receiving gemcitabine diluted from a concentrate for solution for infusion containing ethanol

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 511-516
Author(s):  
Raúl Diez-Fernández ◽  
Rocío Vázquez-Sánchez ◽  
Laura López-Esteban ◽  
Santos Enrech-Frances ◽  
Ana María Sánchez-Peña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Impaired Balance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Purpose Ethanol as an excipient is used to enhance the solubility of gemcitabine, but, sometimes, the dose of ethanol a patient may be given is much higher than the dose considered to be toxic. We aimed to assess ethanol-related symptoms and signs in patients receiving two formulations of gemcitabine, with and without ethanol. Methods A randomized double blind cross-over study was conducted. All patients being treated with gemcitabine received two consecutive doses of the drug, one diluted from a concentrate for solution for infusion (CSI) containing ethanol and the other from a lyophilized powder, without ethanol, which was used as control group. After each administration, patients were surveyed in order to assess the appearance of any alcohol consumption symptoms (dizziness, difficulty speaking, unsteady walking, impaired balance, mood swings and slower reactions). Widmark formula and the amount of alcohol measured on the breath (breathalyzer) were used to estimate blood alcohol concentration. Results Twenty-four patients received both formulations and were included in the analysis. Mean administered ethanol dose when prepared from CSI was 15.81 ± 2.25 g (mean ± SD). When using CSI gemcitabine, estimated blood ethanol concentration was 0.033 g/dl according to Widmark formula and 0.02 g/dl according to breathalyzer results. Although overall incidence of symptoms was higher in the study group, the difference was not statistically significant (33% vs. 25%; p = 0.53). Conclusions These findings prove there is no difference in the onset of ethanol related symptoms when using CSI instead of lyophilized powder on the reconstitution of gemcitabine.

Effect of insulin on protein synthesis and degradation in skeletal muscle after exercise

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (1) ◽  
pp. E92-E97 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Balon ◽  
A. Zorzano ◽  
J. L. Treadway ◽  
M. N. Goodman ◽  
N. B. Ruderman
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intense Exercise ◽  
Rat Muscle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Protein Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Stimulation Of

This study examined whether insulin stimulation of protein synthesis and inhibition of protein degradation is enhanced after exercise. The isolated perfused rat hindquarter preparation was used to evaluate net protein breakdown, myofibrillar protein degradation, and protein synthesis. Thirty minutes after treadmill exercise of high and moderate intensity, rates of tyrosine release were increased by 58 and 25%, respectively. Insulin at 75 microU/ml had no effect on these increases after intense exercise; however, 20,000 microU/ml of insulin totally inhibited this increase. Cycloheximide increased the tyrosine release in both control and exercised rat muscle. It also abolished the difference between them, suggesting that the increase in tyrosine release after exercise is caused by an inhibition of protein synthesis. Phenylalanine incorporation into protein was marginally depressed (22%, P = NS) in the white gastrocnemius muscle after intense exercise. Insulin at 200 microU/ml stimulated protein synthesis in these rats, but no more than it did in a nonexercised control group. Failure to observe a greater effect of insulin on protein metabolism was also noted when rat muscle was studied 150 min after intense exercise and after contractions induced by electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve. These findings suggest that after exercise or electrically induced contractions the enhanced ability of insulin to stimulate hexose and amino acid transport is not paralleled by an increase in its ability to stimulate protein synthesis or inhibit protein degradation.

Effect of increases in myocardial epinephrine content on epinephrine release from the dog heart

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 884-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Péronnet ◽  
G. Boudreau ◽  
J. de Champlain ◽  
R. A. Nadeau
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Neuronal Uptake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Left Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Significant Release ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effect of short-term (10 min) and prolonged (180 min) epinephrine (E) infusion (92.5 ng∙kg−1∙min−1) on E content of the myocardium and on the subsequent release of E from the heart during stimulation of the left stellate ganglion (4 and 10 Hz, 4 V, 2 ms, 1 min) was studied in anesthetized dogs. The E content in the free wall of the left ventricle significantly increased 1.7- and 4.2-fold following short-term and prolonged E infusion, respectively, compared with a control group infused with saline. Tissue norepinephrine (NE) content was not modified by E infusion. The plasma E concentration gradient across the heart indicated a significant release of E during electrical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion, which was related to the amount of E stored in the tissue (e.g., control, 126 ± 60; 10-min infusion, 279 ± 105; 180-min infusion, 1487 ± 287 pg∙mL−1; at 10 Hz). NE release from the heart also tended to increase with the amount of E stored in the myocardium and released upon electrical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. These results provide further direct evidence that blood-borne E can be taken up and stored in sympathetic nerve endings and can be released as a cotransmitter with NE. Locally released E could favor NE release.Key words: norepinephrine, sympathetic system, neuronal uptake, desipramine, cotransmitter, β2 facilitation.

scholarly journals Investigations of two oral rehydration solutions in treatment of piglets with acute gastroenteritis

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Tamara Vukavic ◽  
Radoslav Dosen ◽  
Jasna Licina
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Rehydration Solutions ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
The Difference

The basic disorder in acute gastroenteritis is the disrupted transport of water and electrolytes, to a different degree. The objective of these investigations was to evaluate the efficacy of two oral rehydration solutions (ORS) in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis in suckling piglets. Fifty piglets, 20 with acute gastroenteritis and 30 healthy controls aged 10 days were chosen at random upon the incidence of diarrhea, for one of two ORS treatments (ORS-1 and ORS-2). The piglets with diarrhea were administered a probiotic per os on the first day and an antibiotic parenterally, until the diarrhea disappeared. All the piglets were followed clinically from days 1-6 of the investigations. Faeces samples were taken for bacteriological culture on the first day. Clinical signs of hydration were better, as well as the difference in body mass of piglets with diarrhea under the ORS-2 treatment which was significantly higher (p=0.036) in comparison with the difference in piglets under the ORS-1 treatment. All piglets with diarrhea had normally formed faeces on the sixth day. Escherichia coli was isolated from faeces of 48 piglets. Piglets with acute gastroenteritis, treated with ORS with a higher osmolarity and which contained instead of citrate, bicarbonates in higher concentrations, with less potassium, more sodium and more chlorine had a better state of hydration, with a significantly bigger difference in body mass, and the results of their control group were not significantly different against those of piglets treated with ORS of a different composition.

Endogenous factors in poliomyelitis acuta anterior

1957 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Witkop-Oosténryk
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

SummaryThe object of this study was to ascertain if endogenous factors might play a part in the appearance of paralysis with acuta anterior poliomyelitis.The investigation concerned 754 patients in Groningen and Drenthe (provinces of the Netherlands), affected by the disease during the years 1936-1951. First of all it appeared that the consanguinity percentage of the parents of the probandi was much higher than that of the average population the difference being significant (χ2 = 22,28; P: 〈0.001). Secondly we compared the number of connections of a group of 137 patients with a group of 591 patients and the number of connections of a control group of 137 persons with the group of 591 patients. As ignificant difference appeared to exist between the numbers observed. The third part of the research concerned the appearence of diseases with patients' relatives and the comparison of those with the diseases with relatives of a control group. Between the group of patients and relatives and the group of control cases and relatives a difference appeared to exist in this sense that in each case the group first-mentioned showed a “surplus” of diseases in comparision with the control group; the burdening of the poliomyelitis-group with these diseases showed a significant difference from that of the control group. Also in this case the comparison of several separate diseases showed significant differences. However this was not the case with all the diseases. Attention was paid to the twins who occurred in the group of 754 patients. The small number of twins, however, did not allow of any conclusion whatsoever.Finally the conclusion has been drawn, that endogenous factors exercise influence in the origin of paralysis with acute anterior poliomyelitis. The results of this investigation render it probable that we have to deal with a non-specific factor, viz. a greater vulnerability of the central nervous system for diverse diseases of which the increased susceptibility of the paralytic form of acute anterior poliomyelitis forms a part.This factor is inherited in a recessive way.

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