scholarly journals Interleukin-6 Differential Expression in Cancer Patients of Different Clinical Stages; a Possible Biomarker of Cancer Progression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abosede Obafunke Bello ◽  
John Abiodun Obadipe ◽  
Oluwabanke Temitope Adewusi ◽  
Anthony Oluwamuyiwa Ayanshina
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cancer Stage ◽  
Advanced Clinical Stage

Abstract PurposeThe study investigated interleukin-6 expression pattern across all stages of cancer. The research questions raised in the study were: Is there differential expression of Interleukin-6 across all cancer stages? and what relationship exists between serum interleukin-6 level and cancer stage?Methods The prospective case-control study comprised sixty two (62) purposively selected cancer participants across all stages and age range 18 years to 72years as well equal number of healthy volunteers from two medical centres in Nigeria. Three milliliters (3mls) of blood samples was collected intravenously from the participants and centrifuged after 30 minutes of collection at 3000rpm for 10 minutes to obtain serum. The serum level of Interleukin-6 was determined spectrophotometrically by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data obtained were expressed as mean and standard error of the mean. One way Analysis of variance and t-test were employed to test for significance difference between the groups and the significant level was considered at P< 0.05. ResultsFindings from the study revealed significant (P< 0.05) higher mean serum interleukin-6 levels in stage IV cancer participants as compared to other disease stages. In the same way, significant higher mean Interleukin-6 level of stage III cancer participants as compared to that of stage I cancer participants was observed. Furthermore, the study revealed a significant correlation (P< 0.01) between serum Interleukin 6 concentration and cancer stage.Conclusion Serum interleukin-6 had differential expression in cancer patients at advanced clinical stage as compared to that of early disease stage.

scholarly journals Basal and Luminal Molecular Subtypes in Naturally-Occurring Canine Urothelial Carcinoma are Associated with Tumor Immune Signatures and Dog Breed

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Breann C. Sommer ◽  
Deepika Dhawan ◽  
Audrey Ruple ◽  
José A. Ramos-Vara ◽  
Noah M. Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Molecular Subtype ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Tumor Characteristics ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Advanced Clinical Stage ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Immune Signatures

BACKGROUND: Improved therapies are needed for patients with invasive urothelial carcinoma (InvUC). Tailoring treatment to molecular subtypes holds promise, but requires further study, including studies in pre-clinical animal models. Naturally-occurring canine InvUC harbors luminal and basal subtypes, mimicking those observed in humans, and could offer a relevant model for the disease in people. OBJECTIVE: To further validate the canine InvUC model, clinical and tumor characteristics associated with luminal and basal subtypes in dogs were determined, with comparison to findings from humans. METHODS: RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses were performed on 56 canine InvUC tissues and bladder mucosa from four normal dogs. Data were aligned to CanFam 3.1, and differentially expressed genes identified. Data were interrogated with panels of genes defining luminal and basal subtypes, immune signatures, and other tumor features. Subject and tumor characteristics, and outcome data were obtained from medical records. RESULTS: Twenty-nine tumors were classified as luminal and 27 tumors as basal subtype. Basal tumors were strongly associated with immune infiltration (OR 52.22, 95%CI 4.68–582.38, P = 0.001) and cancer progression signatures in RNA-seq analyses, more advanced clinical stage, and earlier onset of distant metastases in exploratory analyses (P = 0.0113). Luminal tumors were strongly associated with breeds at high risk for InvUC (OR 0.06, 95%CI 0.01 –0.37, P = 0.002), non-immune infiltrative signatures, and less advanced clinical stage. CONCLUSIONS: Dogs with InvUC could provide a valuable model for testing new treatment strategies in the context of molecular subtype and immune status, and the search for germline variants impacting InvUC onset and subtype.

scholarly journals Malignant Extracranial Germ Cell Tumours: A First Report by the South African Children’s Cancer Study Group

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Hendricks ◽  
Annibale Cois ◽  
Jennifer Geel ◽  
Jan du Plessis ◽  
Mairi Bassingthwaighte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
South African ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Germ Cell Tumours ◽  
Advanced Clinical Stage ◽  
Risk Of Death

OBJECTIVE  To determine the overall survival (OS) and prognostic factors influencing outcomes in children and adolescents with malignant extracranial germ cell tumours (MEGCTs) in preparation for the development of a harmonised national treatment protocol.METHODS A retrospective folder review was undertaken at nine South African paediatric oncology units to document patient profiles, tumour and treatment-related data and outcomes for all children with biopsy proven MEGCTs from birth up to and including 16 years of age. RESULTS Between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2015, 218 patients were diagnosed with MEGCTs. Female sex (HR 0.284 p=0.037) and higher socio-economic status (SES) (HR 0.071; p=0.039) were associated with a significantly lower risk of death. Advanced clinical stage at diagnosis significantly affected 5-year OS: stage I -96%; stage II - 94.3%; stage III -75.5%; (p=0.017) and stage IV (60.1%; p<0.001). There was a significant association between earlier stage at presentation and higher SES (p=0.03). Patients with a serum AFP level of more than 33,000 ng/ml at diagnosis had significantly poorer outcomes (p=0.002). The use of chemotherapy significantly improved survival, irrespective of the regimen used (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The cohort demonstrated a 5-year OS of 80.3% with an EFS of 75.3%. Stage, the use of chemotherapy and an elevated serum AFP level of more than 33,000ng/ml were independently predictive of outcome. The relationship between SES and outcome is important as the implementation of the new national protocol hopes to standardise care across the socio-economic divide.

Diagnostic and Prognostic Utility of Serum Receptor-Binding Cancer Antigen Expressed on SiSo Cells (RCAS1) Levels in Colon Cancer Patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costas Giaginis ◽  
Alexandra Margeli ◽  
Gregory Kouraklis ◽  
Athina Zira ◽  
Gerasimos Tsourouflis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cancer Antigen ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Utility

Receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells (RCAS1) is a human tumor-associated antigen that induces cell-cycle arrest and/or apoptosis in cells bearing the RCAS1 receptor. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the diagnostic and prognostic utility of RCAS1 levels in colon cancer patients. Serum RCAS1 levels were determined using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 97 colon cancer patients and 20 healthy individuals. The levels were significantly increased in colon cancer patients compared to healthy individuals (p<0.0001). Increased RCAS1 levels were significantly associated with advanced Dukes’ stage (p=0.0079) and high histopathological tumor grade (p=0.0028). Univariate analysis revealed that colon cancer patients with elevated RCAS1 levels had significantly shorter overall survival times (log-rank test, p=0.027). By multivariate analysis, serum RCAS1 was identified as an independent prognostic factor (Cox regression analysis, p=0.033). In conclusion, colon cancer patients with advanced disease stage and grade and poor prognosis showed elevated serum RCAS1 levels. Assessment of serum RCAS1 levels could therefore be considered as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in colon neoplasia.

Penile Cancer Stage, Survival and Body Mass Index

2015 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa S. Djajadiningrat ◽  
Erik van Werkhoven ◽  
Simon Horenblas
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Penile Cancer ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Cancer Stage ◽  
Disease Specific Survival ◽  
Ajcc Stage ◽  
Disease Specific

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether a higher body mass index (BMI) in penile cancer patients is associated with more advanced penile cancer stage at the time of treatment and cancer survival. Methods: We evaluated 433 penile cancer patients treated between 2006 and 2012 at our institute and recorded American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, BMI, circumcision, smoking and age. A proportional odds model was used to assess a possible association between BMI and AJCC stage at diagnosis and controlled for circumcision, smoking and age. Five-year disease-specific survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, with the log-rank test assessing equality of distributions. Results: 433 patients with a mean BMI of 26.8 kg/m2 were analyzed. No statistically significant association between BMI and AJCC stage was found (odds ratio 1.01 per 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI, 95% confidence interval 0.97-1.05, p = 0.63). Differences in disease-specific survival were not observed based on the different BMI classes. Conclusions: No association between BMI of penile cancer patients and their disease stage at the time of treatment was observed. Thus, BMI at penile cancer treatment does not affect prognosis.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictors of Social Support Utilization among Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
John Hunninghake ◽  
Fanglong Dong ◽  
Robert B Hines ◽  
Elizabeth Ablah ◽  
Sarah Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Kansas City ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Cancer Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Support Services

Background. The purpose of this study was to quantify the prevalence of cancer patients utilizing social support services while undergoing treatment and to identify patient and clinical factors associated with utilization of such services. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study. Surveys were distributed to three cancer clinics at 11 locations in the greater Kansas City metropolitan area in 2010. Study inclusion criteria included being at least 18 years old and undergoing treatment for cancer at the time of survey completion. Results. A total of 465 oncology patients completed surveys. Two-thirds (67.5%, n = 314) were undergoing treatment for cancer and were included in the final analysis. More than half (63.7%, n = 198) were female, and the average age was 58.9 ± 13.3 years. More than one-third (37.4%, n = 117) reported using cancer-related social support services. Additionally, 22% (n = 69) reported not using support services but were interested in learning more about those services. Patients had increased odds of having used support services if they were female (OR = 2.67; 95% CI = 1.47, 4.82), were younger adults, or had stage I-III (OR = 2.67; 95% CI 1.32, 5.26) or stage IV cancer (OR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.14, 4.75) compared to those who did not know their cancer stage. Conclusions. More than one-third of patients reported using social support services. A substantial portion of participants reported not using support services but were interested in learning more about those services. Increasing social support service utilization might be especially important to explore for men, those who do not know their cancer stage, and older adults.

Anionic Glycoproteins and their Hexosamine Content in Neoplastic Patients: Relationships with the Clinical Stage and the Course of the Disease

1983 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ettore Cunietti ◽  
Renato Gandini ◽  
Maria Cristina Gandini ◽  
Elisa Locatelli ◽  
Paola Viola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Radical Surgery ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tumor Specificity ◽  
Hexosamine Content

In 40 healthy subjects, in 47 non-cancer patients, and in 142 cancer patients, perchloric acid-soluble glycoproteins (PASG) and hexosamines were determined to investigate their tumor specificity and correlation with the tumor mass. Cancer patients were divided into three subgroups: CI, no evidence of cancer (after radical surgery); CII, locoregional disease; CIII, widespread metastatic disease. There was no statistically significant difference in PASG among normals, non-cancer and CI patients; hexosamines in non-cancer and in CI patients were higher (P < 0.002) than in normals; both PASG and hexosamines were significantly higher in CII and CIII patients than in normals (P < 0.001). In the CI group, 62% of patients who relapsed within 10 months after surgery had high hexosamine values, whereas 69% of patients who did not relapse showed normal levels (P < 0.05). PASG and hexosamines significantly increased with cancer progression and decreased when objective response to treatment was achieved. They are not tumor specific, but seem to be related to the tumor burden; hexosamines seem to have some prognostic value.

Early integration of supportive oncology consultation for hospitalized cancer patients.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (31_suppl) ◽  
pp. 136-136
Author(s):  
Kellie Woodfield ◽  
Kerin B. Adelson ◽  
Jay Horton ◽  
Cardinale B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Transition Planning ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Early Integration ◽  
Oncology Service ◽  
Pain Symptoms

136 Background: Integration of Palliative Care (PC) for patients with cancer is associated with improved symptom control, clearer understanding of prognosis, lower utilization of health care resources, and increased hospice use. Yet few studies identify which elements of a PC consultation are most associated with improved outcomes, particularly in the inpatient setting. This study describes the processes of a specialized, interdisciplinary, inpatient PC consultation service that utilized standardized referral criteria and demonstrated improved 30-day readmission, oncology service mortality, and hospice utilization. Methods: We implemented a 3-month intervention on the solid tumor oncology service requiring an automatic PC consultation for patients with one or more of the following criteria: stage IV disease, Stage III lung or pancreatic cancer, hospitalization within 30 days, > 7 day hospitalization, or uncontrolled symptoms. Descriptive statistics were used to identify specific processes associated with the consultation. Results: A total of 52 patients were evaluated. The median time of initial consult was on hospital day 2 and patients were followed for an average of 9 days (±11). The majority of patient encounters were by a physician (47%) or advanced practice nurse (42%), with 48% of encounters lasting 35-60 minutes. Integrative services (massage, yoga etc.) were offered in 72% of consults. The most common issues addressed throughout the consultation were pain (85%), non-pain symptoms (85%), transition planning (85%), and plan of care (82%). Overall, consulting teams addressed more PC needs than were initially identified by chart review. Conclusions: Implementing standardized PC consultations in patients with solid malignancies requires the full support of an interdisciplinary team. PC consultations are time-consuming undertakings, often addressing needs broader in scope than initially identified and requiring the use of specialty level PC in the majority of cases. Future efforts to implement similar interventions can use these data to identify specific staffing needs and to ensure cancer patients receive quality care.

Il livello di speranza nei pazienti oncologici in cura chemioterapica. Un’indagine sperimentale / The level of hope in the cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. An experimental investigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-543
Author(s):  
Melissa Maioni
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Sono State ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Stage Iv Cancer ◽  
The Impact

La speranza è una caratteristica multidimensionale che coinvolge diverse dimensioni umane, il cui costrutto è stato più volte studiato in molteplici ambiti disciplinari. Il presente studio si propone di: valutare l’impatto della patologia in relazione al livello di speranza; comparare il livello di speranza con altre variabili cliniche e socio-demografiche, attraverso lo studio di 83 pazienti oncologici del Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico di Roma in cura chemioterapica, e di 83 soggetti sani, con caratteristiche socio-demografiche comparabili al campione clinico, a cui sono state sottoposte due scale: l’HHI (Herth Hope Scale) e la SF-12 (Questionario sullo stato di salute). L’analisi statistica utilizzata è finalizzata a valutare l’interdipendenza lineare tra le due variabili considerate (la speranza e lo stato di salute) sulla popolazione in generale e nelle sottopopolazioni considerate, tramite il calcolo dell’indice R2. I risultati mostrano che: a) il campione sperimentale composto per l’84,3% da pazienti affetti da cancro al IV stadio, ha mediamente un medio livello di speranza (media ± es = 35.47 ± 0.78); b) non emerge una correlazione significativa tra lo stato di salute e il livello di speranza; c) non emergono differenze significative riguardo il livello di speranza, mentre emergono delle differenze significative relativamente alla PCS (stato di salute fisica). I dati raccolti indicherebbero come la speranza sia una dimensione indipendente dalla diagnosi, dalla stadiazione della patologia, dal sesso, dal tipo di ospedalizzazione, dallo stato civile e non si modifichi nelle varie fasce d’età. Sembrerebbe un costrutto che si mantiene stabile nel tempo e che viene scarsamente influenzato da altre variabili. ---------- Hope is a multidimensional characteristic that involves different human dimensions, the construction of which has been studied several times in multiple disciplinary fields. The present study aims to: assess the impact of the pathology in relation to the level of hope; compare the level of hope with other clinical and socio-demographic variables, through the study of 83 cancer patients receiving chemotherapy at the Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico in Rome, and 83 healthy subjects, with socio-demographic characteristics comparable to the clinical sample, who were given two scales: the HHI (Herth Hope Index) and the SF-12 (SF-12 Health Survey). The statistical analysis used is aimed at assessing the linear interdependence between the two variables under consideration (hope and health) for the general population and the subpopulations under consideration, by calculating the R2 index. The results show that: a) the experimental sample, 84.3% of which was composed of stage IV cancer patients, had an average hope level (mean ± es = 35.47 ± 0.78); b) there was no significant correlation between health and hope; c) there were no significant differences in hope levels, while there were significant differences in physical health (PCS). The data collected would indicate that hope is a dimension independent of diagnosis, disease stage, sex, type of hospitalization, marital status and does not change in the various age groups. It would seem to be a construct that remains stable over time and is poorly influenced by other variables.

113 CONCURRENT SURGICAL TREATMENT STRATEGY FOR SYNCHRONOUS ESOPHAGEAL CANCER AND HEAD AND NECK CANCER IN OUR INSTITUTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako Shimada ◽  
Motomu Tanaka ◽  
Satoru Ishii ◽  
Yusuke Yamamoto ◽  
Masaumi Oosaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Regional Lymph Node ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Regional Lymph Node Dissection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Radial Forearm ◽  
Surgery Department

Abstract   Esophageal cancer patients have a high frequency to coincide with head and neck (H&N) cancer. We have corporated together with Otorhinolaryngology, H&N Surgery, and Plastic surgery department doctors for the treatment of synchronous esophageal and H&N cancer patients. The aim of this study is to analyze the treatment results and prognosis of synchronous esophageal and H&N cancer patients. Methods From January 2014 to December 2019, 5 patients underwent concurrent surgical resection of synchronous esophageal and H&N cancer in our institution. We retrospectively reviewed the surgical outcomes and prognosis of these patients of synchronous esophageal and H&N cancer (HNEC group) and compared the results with 27 patients who had esophagectomy with 3 regional lymph node dissection during the same period (EC group). Results The location of H&N cancers were pharynx/tongue; 4/1, and clinical stage was all Stage IV. The clinical stage of esophageal cancers was Stage 0/I/II/III; 1/1/2/1. All patients underwent video-assisted thoracic esophagectomy. The surgical procedures concurrently performed for the H&N cancer were pharyngolaryngectomy with free jejunum transfer for 3 patients, wide tongue and mandibular segment resection with mandibular reconstruction in 1 patient, and mandibular transection with radial forearm flap reconstruction in 1 patient. There was no significant difference in the frequency of postoperative complication between 2 groups. HNEC group tend to have shorter recurrence free survival compared to EC group (p = 0.051). Conclusion H&N surgery with thoracotomy is a highly invasive surgery, however, it can be safely performed with local management. The risk of recurrence is high in H&N cancer patients, therefore it is important to move onto adjuvant therapy without delay. Paraenteral nutrition may be useful in management of these patients.

scholarly journals A Survey of the Humoral Immune Response of Cancer Patients to a Panel of Human Tumor Antigens

1998 ◽  
Vol 187 (8) ◽  
pp. 1349-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Stockert ◽  
Elke Jäger ◽  
Yao-Tseng Chen ◽  
Matthew J. Scanlan ◽  
Ivan Gout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Melanoma Patients

Evidence is growing for both humoral and cellular immune recognition of human tumor antigens. Antibodies with specificity for antigens initially recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), e.g., MAGE and tyrosinase, have been detected in melanoma patient sera, and CTLs with specificity for NY-ESO-1, a cancer-testis (CT) antigen initially identified by autologous antibody, have recently been identified. To establish a screening system for the humoral response to autoimmunogenic tumor antigens, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using recombinant NY-ESO-1, MAGE-1, MAGE-3, SSX2, Melan-A, and tyrosinase proteins. A survey of sera from 234 cancer patients showed antibodies to NY-ESO-1 in 19 patients, to MAGE-1 in 3, to MAGE-3 in 2, and to SSX2 in 1 patient. No reactivity to these antigens was found in sera from 70 normal individuals. The frequency of NY-ESO-1 antibody was 9.4% in melanoma patients and 12.5% in ovarian cancer patients. Comparison of tumor NY-ESO-1 phenotype and NY-ESO-1 antibody response in 62 stage IV melanoma patients showed that all patients with NY-ESO-1+ antibody had NY-ESO-1+ tumors, and no patients with NY-ESO-1− tumors had NY-ESO-1 antibody. As the proportion of melanomas expressing NY-ESO-1 is 20–40% and only patients with NY-ESO-1+ tumors have antibody, this would suggest that a high percentage of patients with NY-ESO-1+ tumors develop an antibody response to NY-ESO-1.

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