scholarly journals The Effect of Oryza Sativa L. Subsp. Japonica Cultivar Yukihikari on The Immune System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Adachi ◽  
Kunihiko Kotake ◽  
Kiyoaki Kato ◽  
Kosuke Tanimoto ◽  
Shinya Munekata
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Microarray Analysis ◽  
Dna Microarray ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Dna Microarray Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Japanese Cultivar

Abstract Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica cultivar Yuhikikari is proposed to alleviate atopic dermatitis, although its mechanism is unclear. To clarify this issue, we evaluated the effect of Yukihikari on the immune system in vitro and in vivo by comparison with another Japanese cultivar Kirara397. A DNA microarray analysis of mouse spleen cells cultured with either Yukihikari or Kirara397 showed that Yukihikari-added spleen cells exhibited significantly reduced expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Furthermore, another transcriptome analysis of the cultivars by RNA sequencing showed a similar result to the DNA microarray analysis. Mice fed with Yukihikari had less germinal center B cells, fewer autoantibodies, and less weight than those fed with Kirara397. These results suggest that Yukihikari has immune-regulatory functions and accounts for its allergy-ameliorating effects.

DNA microarray analysis of in vivo progression mechanism of heart failure

2003 ◽  
Vol 307 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Ueno ◽  
Ruri Ohki ◽  
Toru Hashimoto ◽  
Toshihiro Takizawa ◽  
Koichi Takeuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Microarray Analysis ◽  
Dna Microarray ◽  
Dna Microarray Analysis

DNA Microarray Analysis of Cannabinoid Signaling in Mouse Brain in Vivo

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 828-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Parmentier-Batteur ◽  
Kunlin Jin ◽  
Lin Xie ◽  
Xiao Ou Mao ◽  
David A. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Microarray Analysis ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Dna Microarray ◽  
Dna Microarray Analysis

Alteration of estrogen-regulated gene expression in human cells induced by the agricultural and horticultural herbicide glyphosate

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 747-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hokanson ◽  
R. Fudge ◽  
R. Chowdhary ◽  
D. Busbee
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Microarray Analysis ◽  
Dna Microarray ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Dna Microarray Analysis ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

Gene expression is altered in mammalian cells (MCF-7 cells), by exposure to a variety of chemicals that mimic steroid hormones or interact with endocrine receptors or their co-factors. Among those populations chronically exposed to these endocrine disruptive chemicals are persons, and their families, who are employed in agriculture or horticulture, or who use agricultural/horticultural chemicals. Among the chemicals most commonly used, both commercially and in the home, is the herbicide glyphosate. Although glyphosate is commonly considered to be relatively non-toxic, we utilized in vitro DNA microarray analysis of this chemical to evaluate its capacity to alter the expression of a variety of genes in human cells. We selected a group of genes, determined by DNA microarray analysis to be dysregulated, and used quantitative real-time PCR to corroborate their altered states of expression. We discussed the reported function of those genes, with emphasis on altered physiological states that are capable of initiating adverse health effects that might be anticipated if gene expression were significantly altered in either adults or embryos exposed in utero. Human & Experimental Toxicology (2007) 26, 747— 752

scholarly journals Use of the Chinchilla Model for Nasopharyngeal Colonization To Study Gene Expression by Moraxella catarrhalis

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 982-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd C. Hoopman ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Stephanie N. Joslin ◽  
Christine Pybus ◽  
Jennifer L. Sedillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Microarray Analysis ◽  
Dna Microarray ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dna Microarray Analysis ◽  
Study Gene Expression

Young adult chinchillas were atraumatically inoculated withMoraxella catarrhalisvia the nasal route. Detailed histopathologic examination of nasopharyngeal tissues isolated from theseM. catarrhalis-infected animals revealed the presence of significant inflammation within the epithelium. Absence of similar histopathologic findings in sham-inoculated animals confirmed thatM. catarrhaliswas exposed to significant host-derived factors in this environment. Twenty-four hours after inoculation, viableM. catarrhalisorganisms were recovered from the nasal cavity and nasopharynx of the animals in numbers sufficient for DNA microarray analysis. More than 100M. catarrhalisgenes were upregulatedin vivo, including open reading frames (ORFs) encoding proteins that are involved in a truncated denitrification pathway or in the oxidative stress response, as well as several putative transcriptional regulators. Additionally, 200M. catarrhalisgenes were found to be downregulated when this bacterium was introduced into the nasopharynx. These downregulated genes included ORFs encoding several well-characterizedM. catarrhalissurface proteins including Hag, McaP, and MchA1. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was utilized as a stringent control to validate the results ofin vivogene expression patterns as measured by DNA microarray analysis. Inactivation of one of the genes (MC ORF 1550) that was upregulatedin vivoresulted in a decrease in the ability ofM. catarrhalisto survive in the chinchilla nasopharynx over a 3-day period. This is the first evaluation of global transcriptome expression byM. catarrhaliscellsin vivo.

scholarly journals Glucose Oligosaccharide and Long-Chain Glucomannan Feed Additives Induce Enhanced Activation of Intraepithelial NK Cells and Relative Abundance of Commensal Lactic Acid Bacteria in Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Nathalie Meijerink ◽  
Jean E. de Oliveira ◽  
Daphne A. van Haarlem ◽  
Guilherme Hosotani ◽  
David M. Lamot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Long Chain

Restrictions on the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry stimulate the development of alternative nutritional solutions to maintain or improve poultry health. This requires more insight in the modulatory effects of feed additives on the immune system and microbiota composition. Compounds known to influence the innate immune system and microbiota composition were selected and screened in vitro, in ovo, and in vivo. Among all compounds, 57 enhanced NK cell activation, 56 increased phagocytosis, and 22 increased NO production of the macrophage cell line HD11 in vitro. Based on these results, availability and regulatory status, six compounds were selected for further analysis. None of these compounds showed negative effects on growth, hatchability, and feed conversion in in ovo and in vivo studies. Based on the most interesting numerical results and highest future potential feasibility, two compounds were analyzed further. Administration of glucose oligosaccharide and long-chain glucomannan in vivo both enhanced activation of intraepithelial NK cells and led to increased relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) amongst ileum and ceca microbiota after seven days of supplementation. Positive correlations between NK cell subsets and activation, and relative abundance of LAB suggest the involvement of microbiota in the modulation of the function of intraepithelial NK cells. This study identifies glucose oligosaccharide and long-chain glucomannan supplementation as effective nutritional strategies to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and strengthen the intraepithelial innate immune system.

scholarly journals MiR-4448 is involved in deltamethrin resistance by targeting CYP4H31 in Culex pipiens pallens

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xixi Li ◽  
Shengli Hu ◽  
Haitao Yin ◽  
Hongbo Zhang ◽  
Dan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Culex Pipiens Pallens ◽  
Deltamethrin Resistance ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Pipiens Pallens

Abstract Background Culex pipiens (Cx. pipiens) complex, which acts as a vector of viruses and is widespread and abundant worldwide, including West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and Sindbis virus, can cause serious vector-borne diseases affecting human health. Unfortunately, mosquitoes have developed deltamethrin resistance because of its long-term overuse, representing a major challenge to mosquito control. Understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of resistance is vital to control mosquitoes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that have been demonstrated to be important regulators of gene expression across a wide variety of organisms, which might function in mosquito deltamethrin resistance. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory functions of miR-4448 and CYP4H31 in the formation of insecticidal resistance in mosquito Culex pipiens pallens. Methods We used quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR to measure miR-4448 and CYP4H31 (encoding a cytochrome P450) expression levels. The regulatory functions of miR-4448 and CYP4H31 were assessed using dual-luciferase reporter assays. Then, oral feeding, RNA interference, and the American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassay were used to determine miR-4448’s association with deltamethrin resistance by targeting CYP4H31in vivo. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was also used to detect the viability of pIB/V5-His-CYP4H31-transfected C6/36 cells after deltamethrin treatment in vitro. Results MiR-4448 was downregulated in the deltamethrin-resistant strain (DR strain), whereas CYP4H31 was downregulated in deltamethrin-susceptible strain. CYP4H31 expression was downregulated by miR-4448 recognizing and binding to its 3′ untranslated region. Functional verification experiments showed that miR-4448 overexpression resulted in lower expression of CYP4H31. The mortality of miR-4448 mimic-injected DR strain mosquitoes was higher than that of the controls. CCK-8 assays showed that CYP4H31 decreased cellular resistance to deltamethrin in vitro and the mortality of the DR strain increased when CYP4H31 was knocked down in vivo. Conclusions In mosquitoes, miR-4448 participates in deltamethrin resistance by targeting CYP4H31. The results of the present study increase our understanding of deltamethrin resistance mechanisms.

scholarly journals The Potential of 2-aza-8-Oxohypoxanthine as a Cosmetic Ingredient

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Hisae Aoshima ◽  
Masayuki Ito ◽  
Rinta Ibuki ◽  
Hirokazu Kawagishi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Microarray Analysis ◽  
Dna Microarray ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Efficacy Evaluation ◽  
Activation Effect ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Dna Microarray Analysis

In this study, we verified the effects of 2-aza-8-oxohypoxanthine (AOH) on human epidermal cell proliferation by performing DNA microarray analysis. Cell proliferation was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, which measures mitochondrial respiration in normal human epidermal keratinocyte (NHEK) cells. Gene expression levels were determined by DNA microarray analysis of 177 genes involved in skin aging and disease. AOH showed a significant increase in cell viability at concentrations between 7.8 and 31.3 μg/mL and a significant decrease at concentrations above 250 μg/mL. DNA microarray analysis showed that AOH significantly increased the gene expression of CLDN1, DSC1, DSG1, and CDH1 (E-cadherin), which are involved in intercellular adhesion and skin barrier functioning. AOH also up-regulated the expression of KLK5, KLK7, and SPIMK5, which are proteases involved in stratum corneum detachment. Furthermore, AOH significantly stimulated the expression of KRT1, KRT10, TGM1, and IVL, which are considered general differentiation indicators, and that of SPRR1B, a cornified envelope component protein. AOH exerted a cell activation effect on human epidermal cells. Since AOH did not cause cytotoxicity, it was considered that the compound had no adverse effects on the skin. In addition, it was found that AOH stimulated the expression levels of genes involved in skin barrier functioning by DNA microarray analysis. Therefore, AOH has the potential for practical use as a cosmetic ingredient. This is the first report of efficacy evaluation tests performed for AOH.

scholarly journals Biofilm formation in the lung contributes to virulence and drug tolerance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poushali Chakraborty ◽  
Sapna Bajeli ◽  
Deepak Kaushal ◽  
Bishan Dass Radotra ◽  
Ashwani Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Drug Tolerance ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Slow Growing

AbstractTuberculosis is a chronic disease that displays several features commonly associated with biofilm-associated infections: immune system evasion, antibiotic treatment failures, and recurrence of infection. However, although Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can form cellulose-containing biofilms in vitro, it remains unclear whether biofilms are formed during infection in vivo. Here, we demonstrate the formation of Mtb biofilms in animal models of infection and in patients, and that biofilm formation can contribute to drug tolerance. First, we show that cellulose is also a structural component of the extracellular matrix of in vitro biofilms of fast and slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria. Then, we use cellulose as a biomarker to detect Mtb biofilms in the lungs of experimentally infected mice and non-human primates, as well as in lung tissue sections obtained from patients with tuberculosis. Mtb strains defective in biofilm formation are attenuated for survival in mice, suggesting that biofilms protect bacilli from the host immune system. Furthermore, the administration of nebulized cellulase enhances the antimycobacterial activity of isoniazid and rifampicin in infected mice, supporting a role for biofilms in phenotypic drug tolerance. Our findings thus indicate that Mtb biofilms are relevant to human tuberculosis.

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