scholarly journals Functional Identification of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase Genes in Double Dormant Plant-herbaceous Peony

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riwen Fei ◽  
Siyang Duan ◽  
Jiayuan Ge ◽  
Tianyi Sun ◽  
Xiaomei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Functional Identification ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Herbaceous Peony ◽  
Aba Metabolism ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Endogenous Aba

Abstract Seed dormancy and germination is a complex process, which is affected by external environmental conditions and internal factors independently or mutually. Phytohormones play an important regulatory role in this process. ABA was the main phytohormone affecting herbaceous peony seed dormancy release. However, the mechanism of ABA in the dormancy release of herbaceous peony needs to be further explored. Here, transcriptome data was screened from the perspective of ABA metabolism, and significantly differentially expressed PlNCED1 and PlNCED2 were obtained. We found that their expression trends were positively correlated with ABA content. Among them, PlNCED2 had a stronger regulatory effect on ABA content and was more sensitive to exogenous ABA. Overexpression and silencing of PlNCEDs in callus could affect the expression of PlCYP707As and the content of endogenous ABA. Through the observation of seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana), we found PlNCED1 and PlNCED2 promoted seed dormancy, and the promotion effect of PlNCED2 was more obvious. In general, PlNCED1 and PlNCED2 participated in the dormancy release of herbaceous peony seeds by regulating the accumulation of endogenous ABA. Our work can reveal the molecular mechanism and related theories of ABA involved in herbaceous peony seed dormancy release.

scholarly journals Participation of ABA Metabolism and ROS Generation in Sugar Starvation-Induced Senescence of Rice Flag Leaves

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asad Ullah Asad ◽  
Fubiao Wang ◽  
Yu Ye ◽  
Xianyue Guan ◽  
Lujian Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Sugar Starvation ◽  
Aba Metabolism ◽  
Aba Catabolism ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis ◽  
Exogenous Sugar ◽  
Endogenous Aba

Abstract Background: Both sucrose and abscisic acid (ABA) play pivotal role in the regulation of plant leaf senescence. However, the exact mechanism by which sugar starvation , ABA, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) interact with each other during leaf senescence remains largely unknown. In this study, the genotype-dependent alteration in temporal patterns of sugar concentration during leaf senescence and its relation to ABA metabolism and ROS generation were investigated by using the premature senescence of flag leaf ( psf ) mutant and its wild type. Results: Results showed that sugar starvation-induced leaf senescence was closely associated with the endogenous ABA concentration and ROS level in senescent leaves. Sugar starvation accelerated leaf senescence, concomitantly with the marked increase in ABA concentration and malonaldehyde (MDA) accumulation in detached leaves. Conversely, exogenous sugar treatment significantly suppressed the ABA concentration ad ROS level in detached leaves, thus leaf senescence was delayed by exogenous sugar supply. Pharmacological tests revealed that ABA biosynthesis inhibitor (NDGA) delayed the sugar starvation-induced leaf senescence, while ABA catabolism inhibitor (DNCZ) accelerated leaf senescence and significantly increased the endogenous ABA content in senescent leaves. For the expression patterns of ABA synthesis and catabolism related genes induced by sugar starvation, exogenous sucrose supply, NDGA and DNCZ. sugar starvation up-regulated the OsABA8ox1 transcript, while exogenous sucrose and NDGA down-regulated the transciptional expressions of OsNCED1 , OsNCED4 and OsNCED5 and OsABA8ox2 and OsABA8ox3 e by sugar starvation and DNCZ, while the transcript of was increased. Conclusion: Together, our results demonstrated that the rise in endogenous ABA content during sugar starvation-induced leaf senescence is mostly caused by the suppression of ABA catabolism, rather than the enhancement of ABA biosynthesis, and the expression of ABA metabolic genes determines the equilibrium between ABA biosynthesis and catabolism that eventually influence cross-talk between endogenous factors. The breaking for the equilibrium between ABA biosynthesis and catabolism was strongly responsible for sugar starvation-induced leaf senescence, which was resulted from the suppression of ABA catabolism, rather than the enhancement of ABA biosynthesis .

Abscisic acid and the control of seed dormancy and germination

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Nambara ◽  
Masanori Okamoto ◽  
Kiyoshi Tatematsu ◽  
Ryoichi Yano ◽  
Mitsunori Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
The Core ◽  
Aba Metabolism ◽  
External Cues ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Seed Dormancy And Germination

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that regulates seed dormancy and germination. Seeds undergo changes in both ABA content and sensitivity during seed development and germination in response to internal and external cues. Recent advances in functional genomics have revealed the integral components involved in ABA metabolism (biosynthesis and catabolism) and perception, the core signalling pathway, as well as the factors that trigger ABA-mediated transcription. These allow for comparative studies to be conducted on seeds under different environmental conditions and from different genetic backgrounds. This review summarizes our understanding of the control of ABA content and the responsiveness of seeds to afterripening, light, high temperature and nitrate, with a focus on which tissues are involved in its metabolism and signalling. Also described are the regulators of ABA metabolism and signalling, which potentially act as the node for hormone crosstalk. Integration of such knowledge into the complex and diverse events occurring during seed germination will be the next challenge, which will allow for a clearer understanding of the role of ABA.

Expression Analysis of Genes Involved in Peanut Seed Dormancy Release (Arachis hypogaeaL.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing CHEN ◽  
Ling JIANG ◽  
Chun-Ming WANG ◽  
Xiao-Hui HU ◽  
Hu-Qu ZHAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Peanut Seed

scholarly journals ABA Metabolism and Homeostasis in Seed Dormancy and Germination

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5069
Author(s):  
Naoto Sano ◽  
Annie Marion-Poll
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Aba Metabolism ◽  
Natural Variations ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key hormone that promotes dormancy during seed development on the mother plant and after seed dispersal participates in the control of dormancy release and germination in response to environmental signals. The modulation of ABA endogenous levels is largely achieved by fine-tuning, in the different seed tissues, hormone synthesis by cleavage of carotenoid precursors and inactivation by 8′-hydroxylation. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on ABA metabolism in developing and germinating seeds; notably, how environmental signals such as light, temperature and nitrate control seed dormancy through the adjustment of hormone levels. A number of regulatory factors have been recently identified which functional relationships with major transcription factors, such as ABA INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), ABI4 and ABI5, have an essential role in the control of seed ABA levels. The increasing importance of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of ABA metabolism gene expression is also described. In the last section, we give an overview of natural variations of ABA metabolism genes and their effects on seed germination, which could be useful both in future studies to better understand the regulation of ABA metabolism and to identify candidates as breeding materials for improving germination properties.

Dormancy cycling is accompanied by changes in ABA sensitivity in Polygonum aviculare seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (19) ◽  
pp. 5924-5934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Verónica Laspina ◽  
Diego Batlla ◽  
Roberto Luis Benech-Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Primary Dormancy ◽  
Aba Sensitivity ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Spring Temperatures ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Dormancy Induction ◽  
Endogenous Aba

Abstract Polygonum aviculare seeds show high levels of primary dormancy (PD). Low winter temperatures alleviate dormancy and high spring temperatures induce seeds into secondary dormancy (SD), naturally establishing stable seedbanks cycling through years. The objective of this work was to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved in PD expression and release, and in SD induction in these seeds, and the extent to which abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) are part of these mechanisms. Quantification of endogenous ABA both prior to and during incubation, and sensitivity to ABA and GAs, were assessed in seeds with contrasting dormancy. Expression analysis was performed for candidate genes involved in hormone metabolism and signaling. It was found that endogenous ABA content does not explain either dormancy release or dormancy induction; moreover, it does not seem to play a role in dormancy maintenance. However, dormancy modifications were commonly accompanied by changes in ABA sensitivity. Concomitantly, induction into SD, but not PD, was characterized by a increased PaABI-5 and PaPYL transcription, and a rise in GA sensitivity as a possible counterbalance effect. These results suggest that dormancy cycling in this species is related to changes in embryo sensitivity to ABA; however, this sensitivity appears to be controlled by different molecular mechanisms in primary and secondary dormant seeds.

scholarly journals Temperature and Humidity PID Controller for a Bioprinter Atmospheric Enclosure System

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 999
Author(s):  
Manuel Matamoros ◽  
J. Carlos Gómez-Blanco ◽  
Álvaro J. Sánchez ◽  
Enrique Mancha ◽  
Alfonso C. Marcos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pid Controller ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Proportional Integral Derivative ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
System Temperature ◽  
Proper Operation

Bioprinting is a complex process, highly dependent on bioink properties (materials and cells) and environmental conditions (mainly temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration) during the bioprinting process. To guarantee proper cellular viability and an accurate geometry, it is mandatory to control all these factors. Despite internal factors, such as printing pressures, temperatures or speeds, being well-controlled in actual bioprinters, there is a lack in the controlling of external parameters, such as room temperature or humidity. In this sense, the objective of this work is to control the temperature and humidity of a new, atmospheric enclosure system for bioprinting. The control has been carried out with a decoupled proportional integral derivative (PID) controller that was designed, simulated and experimentally tested in order to ensure the proper operation of all its components. Finally, the PID controller can stabilize the atmospheric enclosure system temperature in 311 s and the humidity in 65 s, with an average error of 1.89% and 1.30%, respectively. In this sense, the proposed atmospheric enclosure system can reach and maintain the proper temperature and humidity values during post-printing and provide a pre-incubation environment that promotes stability, integrity and cell viability of the 3D bioprinted structures.

Molybdenum deficiency in wheat results in lower dormancy levels via reduced ABA

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Modi ◽  
A. L. P. Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Endogenous Aba

AbstractWheat which was grown in acid-washed sand and irrigated with a molybdenum-free nutrient solution was treated with various concentrations of molybdenum (Mo) as a foliar spray at the flag leaf stage. At maturity, dormancy levels and abscisic acid (ABA) content of the seed were determined. Seed dormancy and ABA content increased with increasing rates of Mo application. In a field experiment, wheat (cv. SST 66) was treated with 100 ppm Mo by foliar application at the flag leaf stage. Embryos were tested for sensitivity to exogenously applied ABA. Embryos from Mo-treated plants showed enhanced sensitivity to ABA-induced inhibition of germination. The Mo application also resulted in significantly higher levels of endogenous ABA and Mo in the seeds. It is postulated that Mo deficiency leads to a lack of dormancy in wheat via reduced synthesis of ABA.

Vegetation-derived abscisic acid and four terpenes enforce dormancy in seeds of the post-fire annual,Nicotiana attenuata

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Krock ◽  
Sybille Schmidt ◽  
Christian Hertweck ◽  
Ian T. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Wood Smoke ◽  
Nicotiana Attenuata ◽  
Germination Inhibitors ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Fire Environment ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis ◽  
Endogenous Aba

AbstractThe native tobacco,Nicotiana attenuata, synchronizes its germination with the immediate post-fire environment with a combination of germination stimulants found in wood smoke and inhibitors from the unburned litter of the dominant vegetation. The inhibitors override the stimulants and prevent seeds from germinating maladaptively in unburned habitats adjacent to burns. To understand the physiological basis of this environmental control of germination, we tested several previously isolated signals, phytohormones and their respective biosynthesis inhibitors. The germination inhibitors methyl jasmonate (MeJA, a constituent of sagebrush litter), bornane-2,5-dione (BD, a constituent of juniper litter extract, JLE) and JLE did not alter abscisic acid (ABA) content of imbibed seeds. Treatment with the ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, fluridone, inhibited the dormancy-inducing effects of BD, JLE and MeJA, but surprisingly did not affect endogenous ABA levels in treated seeds. However, ABA leached from litter of the species, which dominate the plant community before fires, plays an important role in germination control. We conclude thatN. attenuataseeds, which can lie dormant in the soil for 150 years between fires, time their germination with the post-fire environment by responding to smoke, ABA and four terpenes (BD, 1,8-cineole, β-thujaplicin and camphor) leaching from the litter of the dominant vegetation.

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