scholarly journals Diatomite Modified With Alkyl Ketene Dimer For Hydrophobicity of Cellulosic Paper

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zicheng Chen ◽  
Guangyuan Fan ◽  
Xiangyang He ◽  
Lei Xu ◽  
Xuefeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paper Sheet ◽  
Retention Performance ◽  
Alkyl Ketene Dimer ◽  
Retention System ◽  
Hydrophobic Paper ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Cellulosic Paper ◽  
Sizing Agents ◽  
Application Fields

Abstract Multi-functionalization of papermaking chemicals is one of its main developing strategies. Fillers and internal sizing agents are often mutually restricted in practice. Therefore, it is feasible to prepare a new papermaking chemical by combining its functions. A process of diatomite modified with Alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) was developed in this study. The modified diatomite (AD) can concurrently play the role of mineral filler and sizing agent in the papermaking process. With the equal dosage of AKD, the AD had better sizing and retention performance than the commercial AKD emulsion in the case of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and the CPAM/ bentonite retention system. The sizing mechanism of the AD can be interpreted as numerous hydrophobic sites and micro-surface structure of the paper sheet caused by the AD. Since the ester linkages were not detected in FT-IR spectra of the paper sheet filled by the AD, the chemical reaction may not be indispensable for its sizing performance. What’s more, an interesting “sticky” hydrophobicity phenomenon was observed when filling with AD. The approach in this study to prepare the “sticky” hydrophobic paper sheet can find its applications in some non-traditional application fields of cellulosic paper.

scholarly journals Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Sonically Prepared Cu–Y, Cu–USY and Cu–ZSM-5 Catalysts for SCR deNOx

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 824
Author(s):  
Przemysław J. Jodłowski ◽  
Izabela Czekaj ◽  
Patrycja Stachurska ◽  
Łukasz Kuterasiński ◽  
Lucjan Chmielarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Ultrasonic Irradiation ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
In Situ Drifts ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Infrared ◽  
Experimental And Theoretical Studies

The objective of our study was to prepare Y-, USY- and ZSM-5-based catalysts by hydrothermal synthesis, followed by copper active-phase deposition by either conventional ion-exchange or ultrasonic irradiation. The resulting materials were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, Raman, UV-Vis, monitoring ammonia and nitrogen oxide sorption by FT-IR and Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS). XRD data confirmed the purity and structure of the Y/USY or ZSM-5 zeolites. The nitrogen and ammonia sorption results indicated that the materials were highly porous and acidic. The metallic active phase was found in the form of cations in ion-exchanged zeolites and in the form of nanoparticle metal oxides in sonochemically prepared catalysts. The latter showed full activity and high stability in the SCR deNOx reaction. The faujasite-based catalysts were fully active at 200–400 °C, whereas the ZSM-5-based catalysts reached 100% activity at 400–500 °C. Our in situ DRIFTS experiments revealed that Cu–O(NO) and Cu–NH3 were intermediates, also indicating the role of Brønsted sites in the formation of NH4NO3. Furthermore, the results from our experimental in situ spectroscopic studies were compared with DFT models. Overall, our findings suggest two possible mechanisms for the deNOx reaction, depending on the method of catalyst preparation (i.e., conventional ion-exchange vs. ultrasonic irradiation).

The role of melatonin on zebrafish follicle development: An FT-IR imaging approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Giorgini ◽  
Giorgia Gioacchini ◽  
Carla Conti ◽  
Paolo Ferraris ◽  
Simona Sabbatini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Follicle Development ◽  
Ir Imaging ◽  
Imaging Approach ◽  
Ft Ir

A Simple Dissolved Metals Mixing Route to Prepare Nanostructured Mg0.8Zn0.2TiO3 Solid Solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 1112 ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frida Ulfah Ermawati ◽  
Suasmoro Suasmoro ◽  
Suminar Pratapa
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
Dissolved Metals ◽  
Intermediate Phases ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Zn Ions

A study of liquid mixing route to synthesize high purity Mg0.8Zn0.2TiO3 nanopowder, a candidate dielectric ceramics, has been successfully performed. Formation of the phases on the dried powder was studied using TG/DTA, XRD and FT-IR data. Rietveld analysis on the collected XRD patterns confirmed the formation of solid solution in the system. Such solid solution can be obtained from the powder calcined at 500 °C, but calcination at 550 °C gave rise to the most optimum molar purity up to 98.5% without intermediate phases. The role of Zn ions on the formation of solid solution was also discussed. Homogeneity of particle size distribution and nano-crystallinity of the system was verified from the particle size analyzer data, TEM image and the Rietveld analysis output.

scholarly journals An Essential Role of Polymeric Adhesives in the Reinforcement of Acidified Paper Relics

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Jiaojiao Liu ◽  
Huiping Xing ◽  
Yajun Zhou ◽  
Xiaolian Chao ◽  
Yuhu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Polyvinyl Butyral ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Starch Paste

Paper acidification causes paper relics to undergo embrittlement and decay, to form dregs, and even to break upon a single touch; therefore, reinforcement and deacidification treatments are essential steps for paper conservation and to retard the deterioration and prolong the life of objects. Polymeric adhesives play an essential role in reinforcement and deacidification treatments, although it is not well studied. In this work, the effect of polymeric adhesives on the conservation process and their protective effects on acidified paper relics were studied. Firstly, three polymeric adhesives, including wheat starch paste, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), were selected as research objects. Subsequently, their effects on four popular conservation methods were further discussed, including traditional mounting, hot-melt with silk net, alcohol-soluble cotton mesh, and water-soluble cotton mesh. Additionally, as an example, the reversibility and long-term durability of water-soluble adhesive PVA-217 were assessed. Using a computer measured and controlled folding endurance tester, pendulum tensile strength tester, tear tester, burst tester, FT-IR, video optical contact angle tester, and other instruments, the conservation application of water-soluble adhesives in paper relics was evaluated. This study provides a scientific basis and experimental data for the application of polymeric adhesives in the conservation of paper relics.

scholarly journals The Role of Carboxyl and Hydroxyl Groups of Humic Acid in Removing AuCl4- from Aqueous Solution

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Sudiono ◽  
Mustika Yuniarti ◽  
Dwi Siswanta ◽  
Eko Sri Kunarti ◽  
Triyono Triyono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Characterization Result ◽  
Ft Ir

Humic acid (HA) extracted from peat soil according to the recommended procedure of the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) has been tested to remove AuCl4- from aqueous solution. The removal was optimum at pH 2.0 and it was mainly dictated by attachment through hydrogen bonding to unionized carboxyl (–COOH) groups and reduction by the action of the hydroxyl (–OH) groups to gold (Au) metal. The removal of AuCl4- improved after HA was purified through repeated immersion and shaking in a mixed solution containing 0.1 M HCl and 0.3 M HF. When the purification led to the sharp decrease in ash content from 39.34 to 0.85% (w/w) and significant increase in both the –COOH and –OH contents from 3240 to 3487 mmol/kg and from 4260 to 4620 mmol/kg, respectively; the removal of AuCl4- improved from 0.105 to 0.133 mmol/g. This improvement of AuCl4- removal by the purified HA was accompanied by higher ability in reduction to Au metal. The attached AuCl4- on –COOH groups of both crude and purified HAs was qualitatively observed by the characterization result of FT-IR spectroscopy, while the presence of Au metal on the surface of those HAs was verified by the characterization result of XRD.

Role of the Surface Lewis Acid and Base Sites in the Adsorption of CO2 on Titania Nanotubes and Platinized Titania Nanotubes: An in Situ FT-IR Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 117 (24) ◽  
pp. 12661-12678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaustava Bhattacharyya ◽  
Alon Danon ◽  
Baiju K.Vijayan ◽  
Kimberly A. Gray ◽  
Peter C. Stair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lewis Acid ◽  
Titania Nanotubes ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Study ◽  
Adsorption Of Co2 ◽  
Lewis Acid And Base

scholarly journals Enhanced Poly(propylene carbonate) with Thermoplastic Networks: A Cross-Linking Role of Maleic Anhydride Oligomer in CO2/PO Copolymerization

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Gao ◽  
Meiying Huang ◽  
Qifeng Wu ◽  
Xiaodan Wan ◽  
Xiaodi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Biodegradable Poly ◽  
One Step ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Poly Propylene

Cross-linking is an effective way to enhance biodegradable poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) from CO2 and propylene oxide (PO). Cross-linked PPC can be prepared by one-step terpolymerization of multifunctional third monomers with CO2 and PO. However, few such third monomers are available. Each molecule of maleic anhydride oligomer (MAO) contains more than two cyclic anhydride groups. Here, we use it to synthesize PPC with cross-linked networks by adding a small quantity of MAO (0.625–5 wt% of PO) in CO2/PO copolymerization that was catalyzed by zinc glutarate. The formation of networks in the prepared copolymers was confirmed by the presence of gel in copolymers combined Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H NMR, and the improved mechanical properties. The 5% weight-loss degradation temperatures and maximum weight-loss degradation temperatures greatly increase up to 289.8 °C and 308.8 °C, respectively, which are remarkably high when compared to those of PPC. The minimum permanent deformation of the copolymers closes to 0, while that of PPC is 173%. The maximum tensile strength of the copolymers is 25.5 MPa higher than that of PPC, reaching 38.4 MPa, and it still has some toughness with the elongation at break of 25%. The above phenomena indicate that MAO that was inserted in PPC chains play a cross-linking role, which results in enhanced thermal stability, dimensional stability, and mechanical strength, comprehensively.

The role of platinum on the NOx storage and desorption behavior of ceria: An online FT-IR study combined with in situ Raman and UV-Vis spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Filtschew ◽  
Pablo Beato ◽  
Søren Birk Rasmussen ◽  
Christian Hess
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Mechanism ◽  
In Situ Raman ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Study

The role of platinum on the room temperature NOx storage mechanism and the NOx desorption behavior of ceria was investigated by combining online FT-IR gas-phase analysis with in situ Raman...

Production and Characterization of Electroactive Nickel Oxides Grown on Nickel Foam by Anodic Oxidation in KOH Melts for Supercapacitor Applications

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (54) ◽  
pp. 3237-3247 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Tokmak ◽  
M. Urgen
Keyword(s):  
Anodic Oxidation ◽  
Nickel Foam ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Direct Oxidation ◽  
Nickel Compounds ◽  
Nickel Foams ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Cv Measurements

ABSTRACTThe role of experimental parameters on direct oxidation of nickel foams with anodic oxidation (anodization) in molten KOH and their contribution to capacitance properties are investigated. Temperature of the melt exhibited an important role on the nature of compounds formed by anodic oxidation. On the samples anodized at 280 and 300 °C stoichiometric NiO is formed. Samples anodized in the temperature range of 150-200 °C gave very high maximum currents in CV measurements indicating the formation of electroactive nickel compounds on them. The nature of these compounds is determined as alpha nickel oxy-hydroxide (a-Ni(OH)2) by micro Raman, XRD and FT-IR measurements. Other property that determines the capacity of these electrodes is the morphology of the electroactive layer, which is controlled mainly by the duration of the treatment. 30 minutes of anodic oxidation time is determined as the optimum value. Areal capacity of the samples anodically oxidized at 200 °C for 30 min using 0.8 V cell voltage are determined as 2.73 F.cm-2 and 1.58 F.cm-2 for 1 mA.cm-2 and 20 mA.cm-2 discharge current densities respectively.

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