Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) Reduces Depression-Related Self- Referential Processing In Patients With Bipolar Disorder

Abstract Background: Negative self-referential processing has fruitfully been studied in unipolar depressed patients, but remarkably less in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). This study examines the relation between task-based self-referential processing and depressive symptoms in BD and their possible importance to the working mechanism of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) for BD.Methods: The study population consisted of a subsample of patients with BD (n = 49) participating in an RCT of MBCT for BD, who were assigned to MBCT+TAU (n = 23) or treatment as usual (TAU) (n = 26). Patients performed the self-referential encoding task (SRET), which measures (1) positive and (2) negative attributions to oneself as well as (3) negative self-referential memory bias, before and after MBCT. Results: At baseline all three SRET measures were significantly related to depressive symptoms in patients with BD. Moreover, repeated measures analyses of variance revealed that negative self-referential memory bias diminished over time in the MBCT+TAU group, compared with the TAU group. Conclusions: Task-based self-referential processing is related to depressive symptoms in BD. Moreover, the negative self-referential memory bias was specifically amenable to change through MBCT. Future research should explore the possibly mediating role of reduction of negative self-referential memory bias in preventing and treating depressive symptoms in BD through MBCT.

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Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for bipolar disorder: A feasibility trial

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.03.007 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 334-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

B. Weber ◽

F. Jermann ◽

M. Gex-Fabry ◽

A. Nallet ◽

G. Bondolfi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Cognitive Therapy ◽

Mindfulness Practice ◽

Feasibility Trial ◽

Type I ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Mindfulness Skills ◽

Randomized Controlled Studies ◽

Before And After ◽

Bipolar Patients

AbstractBackgroundThe present open study investigates the feasibility of Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in groups solely composed of bipolar patients of various subtypes. MBCT has been mostly evaluated with remitted unipolar depressed patients and little is known about this treatment in bipolar disorder.MethodsBipolar outpatients (type I, II and NOS) were included and evaluated for depressive and hypomanic symptoms, as well as mindfulness skills before and after MBCT. Patients’ expectations before the program, perceived benefit after completion and frequency of mindfulness practice were also recorded.ResultsOf 23 included patients, 15 attended at least four MBCT sessions. Most participants reported having durably, moderately to very much benefited from the program, although mindfulness practice decreased over time. Whereas no significant increase of mindfulness skills was detected during the trial, change of mindfulness skills was significantly associated with change of depressive symptoms between pre- and post-MBCT assessments.ConclusionsMBCT is feasible and well perceived among bipolar patients. Larger and randomized controlled studies are required to further evaluate its efficacy, in particular regarding depressive and (hypo)manic relapse prevention. The mediating role of mindfulness on clinical outcome needs further examination and efforts should be provided to enhance the persistence of meditation practice with time.

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Effectiveness of Attachment-Based Family Therapy compared to Treatment as Usual for Depressed Adolescents in Community Mental Health Clinics

10.21203/rs.3.rs-16225/v7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Luxsiya Waraan ◽

Erling W. Rognli ◽

Nikolai Olavi Czajkowski ◽

Marianne Aalberg ◽

Lars Mehlum

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Family Therapy ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Small Sample ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Treatment Manual ◽

Future Research ◽

Hamilton Depression Scale ◽

Treatment As Usual

Abstract Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a disabling mood disorder, profoundly affecting a large number of adolescent’s quality of life. To date, no obvious treatment of choice for MDD in adolescents is available and progress in the treatment of depressed adolescents will have important public health implications. Attachment-Based Family Therapy (ABFT), as the only empirically supported family therapy model designed to treat adolescent depression, aims to repair interpersonal ruptures and rebuild an emotionally protective parent-child relationship. Objective: To study the effectiveness of ABFT compared with treatment as usual (TAU) delivered within child- and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) to adolescents with MDD.Method: Sixty adolescents (86.7% girls), aged 13-18 years (M = 14.9, SD = 1.35), with MDD referred to two CAMHS were randomized to 16 weeks of ABFT or TAU. ABFT consisted of weekly therapy sessions (family/individual or both) according to the treatment manual. TAU was not monitored. Primary outcomes were assessed by blinded evaluators at baseline and post-treatment with the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Self-reported (Beck Depression Inventory-II, BDI-II) depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline, and after 4, 6, 8, 10,12, 14, and 16 weeks. Analyses were performed according to intent-to-treat principles. Results: At post-treatment, clinician-rated remission rates on the HAMD (5 % in ABFT and 3.33% in TAU, p =1, OR=1.54, Fisher’s exact test) and self-reported symptoms of depression on the BDI-II did not differ significantly between groups (X2[2, N = 60] =0.06 , p = 0.97). In both treatment groups participants reported significantly reduced depressive symptoms, but the majority (63.3 %) of adolescents were still in the clinical range after 16 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: ABFT was not superior to TAU. Remission and response rates were low in both groups, suggesting none of the treatments were effective in treating MDD in adolescents. Findings must be viewed in the context of the study’s small sample size, missing data, and implementation challenges. Continued efforts to improve treatment for MDD in outpatient clinics are warranted . Future research should examine moderators of and mechanisms for individual differences to treatment response, as well as the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of implementing treatment models which may require extensive training and expertise to yield clinically meaningful improvements in non-research settings. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01830088 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01830088?term=Villab%C3%B8&draw=2&rank=1 Date of registration: April 12, 2013

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MOOD CHANGES FOLLOWING MODERN-DANCE CLASSES

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2003.31.5.453 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 453-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Andrew Lane ◽

Ruth Hewston ◽

Emma Redding ◽

Gregory P. Whyte

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Mood State ◽

Modern Dance ◽

Future Research ◽

Full Time ◽

Martha Graham ◽

Significant Interaction Effect ◽

Mood Changes ◽

Before And After ◽

Mood Scale

Full-time dancers typically spend a large proportion of time participating in dance classes. The present study examined mood state changes following two contrasting modern-dance styles on a sample of full-time dancers. Twenty-three dancers completed the Brunel University Mood Scale (Terry, Lane, Lane, & Keohane, 1999) to assess anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigor before and after two different dance classes. One class taught was the Jose Limon technique style, characterized by light flowing movement, and the other class taught was the Martha Graham technique style, characterized by bound movements. Results showed that participants reported a positive mood profile before and after both dance classes. Repeated Measures Multivariate Analysis of Variance results indicated a significant interaction effect (Pillai's Trace 6, 15 = .32, p < .01), whereby Vigor increased following the Limon class but remained stable after the Graham class. Future research is also needed to investigate mood changes over a sustained period to evaluate more fully mood states responses to the demands of dance classes.

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Aversive inhibition in adult ADHD and its restoration by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: A behavioral pilot study

10.31234/osf.io/aenr8 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Dirk Geurts ◽

Hanneke den Ouden ◽

Lotte Janssens ◽

Jennifer Swart ◽

Monja Isabel Froböse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Cognitive Therapy ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Transfer Task ◽

Instrumental Behavior ◽

Treatment As Usual ◽

Before And After

Background: Control over the tendency to make or withhold responses based on contextual Pavlovian information, might play a key role in understanding impulsivity/hyperactivity in ADHD. Here we set out to assess (1) the understudied relation between Pavlovian inhibitory control and hyperactivity/impulsivity in adults with ADHD and (2) whether this inhibition can be enhanced by mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT).Methods: 50 Adult ADHD patients were assessed before and after 8 weeks of treatment as usual (TAU) with (n=24) or without (n=26) MBCT. We employed a sophisticated, well-established Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer task that quantifies Pavlovian control over instrumental behavior. Results: Task results revealed (1) less aversive Pavlovian inhibition in patients with clinical hyperactivity/impulsivity; and (2) enhanced inhibition after TAU+MBCT compared with TAU. Conclusions: Aversive Pavlovian inhibition plays a role in clinically relevant hyperactivity/impulsivity in adult ADHD and MBCT can be used to enhance this form of inhibition.

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Can brief mindfulness practice be of benefit? Evidence from an evaluation of group Person-based Cognitive Therapy for depression

The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist ◽

10.1017/s1754470x14000312 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Clara Strauss ◽

Gemma Luke ◽

Mark Hayward ◽

Fergal Jones

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cognitive Therapy ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Mindfulness Practice ◽

Treatment As Usual ◽

Letting Go ◽

Mindfulness Practices ◽

The Relationship

AbstractMindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) was not intended for current depression, and lengthy mindfulness practices (≥30 min) can be challenging. Person-based cognitive therapy (PBCT) includes brief mindfulness practices (<10 min). While group PBCT can improve depressive symptoms whether benefits can be attributed to the brief practices is unclear. Twenty-eight participants with chronic major depression were randomly assigned to PBCT (n = 14) or treatment as usual (n = 14). Measures of mindfulness and depression were taken. Six PBCT participants were interviewed. Improvements in mindfulness in mediating the relationship between group and improvements in depressive symptoms just failed to reach statistical significance (95% confidence interval −0.97 to 14.84). Thematic analysis identified four themes: ‘altered relationship to symptoms’, ‘impact on self’, ‘the challenge of letting go’ and ‘effect of the group’. Although bootstrapped indirect effects were in the hypothesized direction they failed to reach statistical significance; this could be due to low power, but further research is needed. Qualitative themes support the potential of brief mindfulness practices and are similar to themes identified of mindfulness-based interventions with lengthier mindfulness practices. Findings suggest that some people experiencing current depression report benefit from the brief mindfulness practices included in PBCT but further research in larger samples is now needed.

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Teaching about Near-Death Experiences: The Effectiveness of Using the Day I Died

OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying ◽

10.2190/om.63.4.e ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 373-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Janice Miner Holden ◽

Kathy Oden ◽

Kelly Kozlowski ◽

Bert Hayslip

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Future Research ◽

Control Group ◽

Waitlist Control ◽

Before And After ◽

Waitlist Control Group ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Mind ◽

Near Death Experiences ◽

The Brain

In this article, we reviewed results of research on near-death experiences (NDEs) over the past 3 decades and examined the effect of viewing the hour-long 2002 BBC documentary The Day I Died: The Mind, the Brain, and Near-Death Experiences on accurate knowledge about near-death experiences among advanced undergraduates at a southwestern university. In a quasi-experimental research design, the experimental group completed a 20-item questionnaire before and after viewing the documentary ( n = 66; 45 females, 21 males), and the waitlist control group completed the questionnaire as pre- and posttest before viewing the documentary ( n = 39; 36 female, 3 male). The two groups' scores at pretest were not significantly different ( p > .05). Group by occasion repeated measures ANOVA revealed the experimental group's posttest scores moved significantly in the direction of correctness with a large effect size ( p < .001; η2= .56), whereas waitlist control group posttest scores remained similar to pretest scores. We discuss two exceptions to the effectiveness of the documentary and recommendations for educators using it as well as for future research.

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Acute and Cumulative Effects of Vinyasa Yoga on Affect and Stress among College Students Participating in an Eight-week Yoga Program: A Pilot Study

International Journal of Yoga Therapy ◽

10.17761/ijyt.24.1.l8466h29060x13vq ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 63-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ronnesia Gaskins ◽

Ernestine Jennings ◽

Herpreet Thind ◽

Bruce Becker ◽

Beth Bock

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Young Adult ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Mental Practice ◽

Future Research ◽

Eating Disordered ◽

Before And After ◽

College Population

Background. College students are vulnerable to a critical period in developmental maturation, facing rigorous academic work and learning how to function independently. Western aerobic exercise (WAE), such as running and bicycling, has been shown to improve mood and relieve stress. However, college students often have low levels of physical activity. Yoga is an ancient physical and mental practice that may affect mood and stress. However, rigorous studies examining the psychological effects of yoga are rare in peerreviewed Western journals. The aim of this research was to establish preliminary evidence for the acute effects of Vinyasa yoga on affect and stress in young-adult college students. Methods. Twenty healthy college students age 18 years and older were recruited to participate in this pilot study. Participants attended a Vinyasa yoga class at a local studio twice weekly for 8 weeks. Affect and stress were assessed before and after each yoga session. Measures included the Positive and Negative Affective Schedule (PANAS) and the Cohen Perceived Stress scale. Results. Positive affect scores increased significantly (p < 0.05) for 14 of the 16 yoga sessions (mean increase = 23.2%). Negative affect decreased significantly from pre- to postyoga (p < 0.05) for 15 of the 16 sessions (mean decrease = 22%). Repeated measures ANOVAs examining pre-post composite scores across all 8 weeks showed significant changes in PANAS, but not stress scores. Conclusions. Findings suggest that yoga practice is associated with acute improvements in affect in a young-adult college population. Future research is needed to examine the extent to which different types of yoga address the needs of different college sub-populations (e.g., eating disordered, overweight/obese, sedentary, and smokers).

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Functional remediation in bipolar disorder: 1-year follow-up of neurocognitive and functional outcome

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.114.162123 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 208 (1) ◽

pp. 87-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

C. M. Bonnin ◽

C. Torrent ◽

C. Arango ◽

B. L. Amann ◽

B. Solé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Psychosocial Functioning ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Significant Group ◽

Treatment As Usual ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Group Time ◽

Patient Groups ◽

Short Test

BackgroundFew randomised clinical trials have examined the efficacy of an intervention aimed at improving psychosocial functioning in bipolar disorder.AimsTo examine changes in psychosocial functioning in a group that has been enrolled in a functional remediation programme 1 year after baseline.MethodThis was a multicentre, randomised, rater-masked clinical trial comparing three patient groups: functional remediation, psychoeducation and treatment as usual over 1-year follow-up. The primary outcome was change in psychosocial functioning measured by means of the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST). Group×time effects for overall psychosocial functioning were examined using repeated-measures ANOVA (trial registration NCT01370668).ResultsThere was a significant group×time interaction for overall psychosocial functioning, favouring patients in the functional remediation group (F = 3.071, d.f. = 2, P = 0.049).ConclusionsImprovement in psychosocial functioning is maintained after 1-year follow-up in patients with bipolar disorder receiving functional remediation.

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Reduction of depressive symptoms during inpatient treatment is not associated with changes in heart rate variability

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0248686 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0248686

Author(s):

Sabrina Neyer ◽

Michael Witthöft ◽

Mark Cropley ◽

Markus Pawelzik ◽

Ricardo Gregorio Lugo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Psychiatric Treatment ◽

Self Report ◽

Future Research ◽

Symptom Improvement ◽

Vagal Activity ◽

Before And After

Vagally mediated heart rate variability (HRV) is a psychophysiological indicator of mental and physical health. Limited research suggests there is reduced vagal activity and resulting lower HRV in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD); however little is actually known about the association between HRV and symptoms of depression and whether the association mirrors symptom improvement following psychotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between antidepressant therapy, symptom change and HRV in 50 inpatients (68% females; 17–68 years) with a diagnosis of MDD. Severity of depressive symptoms was assessed by self-report (Beck Depression Inventory II) and the Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression. Measures of vagally mediated HRV (root mean square of successive differences and high-frequency) were assessed at multiple measurement points before and after inpatient psychotherapeutic and psychiatric treatment. Results showed an expected negative correlation between HRV and depressive symptoms at intake. Depressive symptoms improved (d = 0.84) without corresponding change in HRV, demonstrating a de-coupling between this psychophysiological indicator and symptom severity. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine an association between HRV and depressive symptoms before and after psychotherapy. The observed de-coupling of depression and HRV, and its methodological implications for future research are discussed.

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Investigating Care Dependency and Its Relation to Outcome (ICARE): Results From a Naturalistic Study of an Intensive Day Treatment Program for Depression

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.644972 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Glanert ◽

Svenja Sürig ◽

Ulrike Grave ◽

Eva Fassbinder ◽

Sebastian Schwab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcome ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Future Research ◽

Clinical Trial Registration ◽

Levels Of Care ◽

Repeated Measures Design ◽

Care Dependency

Background: This study explores the association of experienced dependency in psychotherapy as measured with the CDQ (Care Dependency Questionnaire) and treatment outcome in depression. Furthermore, the course of care dependency and differences in the CDQ scores depending on the received type of treatment, MCT (metacognitive therapy), or CBASP (cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy), were investigated.Methods: The study follows a prospective, parallel group observational design. Patients suffering from depression received an 8-week intensive day clinic program, which was either CBASP or MCT. The treatment decision was made by clinicians based on the presented symptomatology and with regard to the patients' preferences. The patients reported depressive symptoms with the QIDS-SR16 (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology) and levels of experienced care dependency with the German version of the CDQ on a weekly basis. Mixed-model analyses were run to account for the repeated-measures design.Results: One hundred patients were included in the analyses. Results indicate that higher levels of care dependency might predict a less favorable outcome of depressive symptomatology. Levels of care dependency as well as depressive symptoms decreased significantly over the course of treatment. There was no significant between-group difference in care dependency between the two treatment groups.Conclusion: The results suggest that care dependency might be associated with a worse treatment outcome in depressed patients. In general, care dependency seems to be a dynamic construct, as it is changing over time, while the levels of care dependency seem to be independent from the received type of treatment. Future research should continue investigating the mechanisms of care dependency in a randomized controlled design.Clinical Trial Registration:https://www.drks.de/drks_web/, identifier: DRKS00023779.

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