COVID-19 vaccination is highly effective to prevent SARS-CoV-2 circulation

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1227382/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Camilla Mattiuzzi ◽

Giuseppe Lippi

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Effective Means ◽

Primary Vaccination ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Official Report ◽

Highly Effective ◽

Vaccine Booster ◽

Italian National Institute

Abstract Background: We provide here an analysis of effectiveness of primary coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and COVID-19 vaccine booster doses in preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) infection.Methods: We retrieved information on COVID-19 vaccination and newly diagnosed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection from the weekly official report of the Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS; Last available update, January 1, 2022).Results: At the time of our analysis, 39.9 million people completed a primary COVID-19 vaccination cycle, of whom 13.6 million (34.0%) <5 months from the last dose, whilst 5.7 million had also received COVID-19 vaccine booster doses. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 71% (OR, 0.29; 95%CI, 0.29-0.29) and 86% (OR, 0.14; 95%CI, 0.14-0.14) lower in people who received primary vaccination <5 months and booster doses <5 months compared to the unvaccinated population, but was also half (OR, 0.49; 95%CI, 0.48-0.49) in those who received booster doses <5 months compared to those who completed the primary vaccination <5 months.Conclusions: These results attest that COVID-19 vaccines not only reduce the risk of developing severe illness in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, but shall also be considered reliable and effective means to limit virus circulation within the general population.

Download Full-text

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Healthcare Workers in General Hospitals and Clinics in Japan

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073786 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3786

Author(s):

Tatsuya Yoshihara ◽

Kazuya Ito ◽

Masayoshi Zaitsu ◽

Eunhee Chung ◽

Izumi Aoyagi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Social Support ◽

General Population ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Health Problem ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

General Hospitals ◽

Second Wave

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a serious public health problem worldwide. In general, healthcare workers are considered to be at higher risk of COVID-19 infection. However, the prevalence of COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Japan is not well characterized. In this study, we aimed to examine the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies among 2160 healthcare workers in hospitals and clinics that are not designated to treat COVID-19 patients in Japan. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G was 1.2% in August and October 2020 (during and after the second wave of the pandemic in Japan), which is relatively higher than that in the general population in Japan (0.03–0.91%). Because of the higher risk of COVID-19 infection, healthcare workers should be the top priority for further social support and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.

Download Full-text

Baseline Concussion Testing Increases Agreement With Favorable Concussion Safety Decisions in Hypothetical Scenarios

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/10901981211003509 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109019812110035

Author(s):

Christina Deuschle ◽

Julian Keith ◽

Kelly Dugan ◽

Mark Williams ◽

Sasi Taravath ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽

Effective Means ◽

Safety Behavior ◽

Knowledge And Attitudes ◽

Attitudes And Perceptions ◽

Student Version ◽

Baseline Testing ◽

Added Benefit ◽

Concussion Knowledge

Background Dangers of sports-related concussion are well documented, and those participating in sports involving significant contact are at an even higher risk relative to the general population. Despite extensive concussion education, athletes still make decisions that would be considered unsafe, such as underreporting and continuing to play despite experiencing symptoms. Although baseline testing is an increasingly common practice at all levels of sport, little is known about its ability to improve player safety perceptions. Aims The current study examines whether taking part in a standardized baseline concussion assessment changes athletes’ knowledge, attitudes, or perceptions of concussion safety decisions. Method A total of 229 club and National Collegiate Athletic Association athletes completed a modified Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey–Student Version (RoCKAS-ST), which was used to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of concussion safety decisions in hypothetical scenarios. Athletes were randomly assigned to either complete baseline concussion testing prior to the RoCKAS-ST or complete baseline testing after the RoCKAS-ST. Results Athletes randomly assigned to complete baseline testing before the RoCKAS-ST demonstrated greater agreement with favorable concussion safety decisions in hypothetical scenarios relative to athletes completing baseline testing after the RoCKAS-ST. The two conditions did not differ with respect to concussion knowledge or attitudes. Discussion Baseline testing appears to have an added benefit of resulting in more favorable perceptions toward making safe decisions following suspected concussions. Conclusion Baseline testing may provide an effective means of improving a broader constellation of concussion safety behavior, particularly in club athletes, who are typically underserved in terms of concussion-related resources and care.

Download Full-text

Serum potassium is associated with prediabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes in hypertensive adults from the general population: The KORA F4-Study

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/s00125-012-2786-8 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 484-491 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

C. Meisinger ◽

D. Stöckl ◽

I. M. Rückert ◽

A. Döring ◽

B. Thorand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Serum Potassium ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Diagnosed Diabetes ◽

Newly Diagnosed Diabetes

Download Full-text

Efficacy of Bortezomib plus dexamethasone as a first line treatment in newly diagnosed cases of Multiple Myeloma: A Single Centre Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Journal of Dhaka Medical College ◽

10.3329/jdmc.v28i1.45754 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 34-41

Author(s):

Mahbuba Sharmin ◽

Mohammad Manirul Islam ◽

Abdul Aziz ◽

Salauddin Shah ◽

Md Jalilur Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Partial Response ◽

Intracranial Haemorrhage ◽

Response Rate ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Overall Response ◽

Highly Effective

Background: Multiple Myeloma (MM) accounts for 1% of malignant tumors and 10%–15% of hematopoietic neoplasms. Bortezomib, a first in class proteasome inhibitor, induces apoptosis and growth arrest and reverse chemoresistence in Myeloma cell and has demonstrated no irreversible adverse effect on haemopoietic stem cell. Dexamethasone increases the response rate. Thus, Bortezomib plus dexamethasone represent highly effective regimen for previously untreated Multiple Myeloma cases and significantly higher response rates approximately 70%– 90% have been observed.This combination thus may serve the basis of future strands of care in Multiple Myeloma patients. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy , safety and tolerability of Bortezomib in newly diagnosed cases of Multiple Myeloma patients in Bangladesh. Materials & Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Haematology department of BSMMU from June 2017 to December 2018. Patients received inj. Bortezomib (1.3mg/m2 ) 4 cycles as an intravenous bolus on days 1,4,8,11 in a three week cycle (twice weekly administration) in indoor and same patients as day care basis in outpatients department. Dexamethasone at 40 mg was given intravenously or orally on the day of and day after inj Bortezomib.A self administered questionnaire containing different set of questions regarding Multiple Myeloma were used for data collection. Results: Among the study population, 93% of patients had anaemia followed by bone pain (86%) and renal impairment (39%). Out of 25 patients,complete response achieved in 13 patients (52%), where 4 patients(16%) showed partial response,6 (24%) showed very good partial response and 2 (8%) patients showed no response. The overall response rate was 92% belonged to partial,very goofd partial and no respone respectively. Death occurred in 3 cases (12%). 5 patients (20%) developed Bortezomib induced peripheral neuropathy.Life threatening intracranial haemorrhage occurred in two patients (8%). Death occurred in 3 cases (12%),2 patients due to intracranial haemorrhage and another from cardiac arrest. In this study,S. creatinine, â2 microglobulin and bony lesion variables showed significant association with treatment response. Conclusion: Bortezomib plus dexamethasone is a highly effective and safe regimen for previously untreated multiple myeloma patients. This novel therapy in myeloma represent a new trearment paradigm targeting both tumor and microenvironment which has markedly improve overall response(OR), long progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS)across in all risk groups. Moreover,it can be administered safely in the outpatient setting provided by clinicians. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 28, No.1, April, 2019, Page 34-41

Download Full-text

COVID-19 and rheumatology: A year later

Rheumatology Science and Practice ◽

10.47360/1995-4484-2021-31-36 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 31-36

Author(s):

B. S. Belov ◽

A. M. Lila

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

General Population ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Controlled Clinical Trials ◽

Antirheumatic Drugs ◽

The Past ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

Great Hope ◽

Blind Spots

An enormous body of evidence on various aspects of the coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19 associated with the SARS-CoV-2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) has been accumulated over the past year. Meanwhile, investigated relationship between COVID-19 and rheumatic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) and certain identified similarities were of paramount importance. It was shown that the incidence of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases does not significantly differ from that in general population. The risk of severe course and unfavorable COVID-19 outcomes in patients with rheumatic IMIDs is significantly associated with older age and comorbidities – as in general population, and is not aggravated by preceding use of the majority of antirheumatic drugs. Gaining better insights into pathogenesis of COVID-19 provided sound prerequisites for anti-rheumatic drugs repurposing and substantiated their use for treatment of COVID-19 infection. Under current COVID-19 pandemic circumstances, accelerated development and invention of various COVID-19 vaccines offers a great hope to curb the tide of pandemic. However, the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of these vaccines in patients with rheumatic IMIDs must be studied in controlled clinical trials. Generally speaking, there are still numerous blind spots in our knowledge of rheumatological aspects of such a versatile and polymorphous condition as COVID-19 infection.

Download Full-text

A Multicentre General Practice Evaluation of Syndol in Tension Headache

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/030006057700500607 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 115-119

Author(s):

J F Donald ◽

M S Gatley ◽

G Kagan ◽

G B Leslie ◽

R H G McKay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

General Practice ◽

United Kingdom ◽

General Population ◽

Side Effect ◽

Tension Headache ◽

Common Side Effect ◽

Codeine Phosphate ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Highly Effective

In a multicentre evaluation in general practice involving 104 patients, Syndol, a formulation containing paracetamol, codeine phosphate, caffeine, and doxylamine succinate, was shown to be highly effective in treating the organic and psychogenic symptoms of Tension Headache in 81·7% of patients. The evaluation was performed in six widely differing practices in the United Kingdom. The result confirms the findings of other investigators in South Africa both in the efficacy of the drug and the incidence of Tension Headache in the general population. Drowsiness was the most common side-effect, indicating that the formulation provided sufficient calmative activity, especially in those patients where tension was a major component of their symptoms.

Download Full-text

PS1 - 127 A Mixed Method Study of a Peer Support Intervention for Newly Diagnosed Primary Brain Tumour Patients

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/cjn.2016.352 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (S4) ◽

pp. S8-S9

Author(s):

R. Cashman

Keyword(s):

Brain Tumour ◽

Peer Support ◽

Effective Means ◽

Well Being ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Face To Face ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Primary Brain Tumour ◽

Single Face ◽

The Impact

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of an intervention designed to support newly diagnosed primary brain tumour patients. The intervention involved a structured, one time meeting between newly diagnosed patients and trained volunteer “veteran” primary brain tumour patients. Methods Two trained volunteers met for a single, face to face meeting on an individual basis with a total of 10 newly diagnosed patients. A combination of questionnaires and interviews were used to investigate the impact of the intervention for the new patients and the volunteers. Results: The intervention appeared to be of substantial value for both groups of participants. Analysis revealed that the newly diagnosed patients experienced a range of benefits, including those related to the themes of: increased hope; valued guidance; hearing what it’s really like; overcoming aloneness; and realignment of priorities. Veteran patients experienced a sense accomplishment and decreased anxiety as a result of the intervention. Only minor adverse effects and challenges were reported. Conclusions The findings provide initial evidence that the experimental intervention has the potential to be a safe, effective means of promoting psycho-social well-being in newly diagnosed patients and may also have positive effects for veteran patients. Further investigation into the use of one to one, peer support for brain tumour patients is an important research priority.

Download Full-text

COVID-19: Significance of antibodies

Human Antibodies ◽

10.3233/hab-200429 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 287-297

Author(s):

Sara Assadiasl ◽

Yousef Fatahi ◽

Mahdi Zavvar ◽

Mohammad Hossein Nicknam

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Social Consequences

The newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has recently caused pandemic Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Considering the serious medical, economic and social consequences of this pandemic and the lack of definite medication and vaccine it is necessary to describe natural immune responses to the SARS-CoV-2 in order to exploit them for treating the patients and monitoring the general population. Moreover, detecting the most immunogenic antigens of the virus is fundamental for designing effective vaccines. Antibodies being valuable for diagnostic therapeutic and protective purposes are suitable to be addressed in this context. Herein, we have summarized the findings of serological investigations and the outcomes of neutralizing antibodies administration in COVID-19 patients.

Download Full-text

Coblockade of the LFA1:ICAM and CD28/CTLA4:B7 pathways is a highly effective means of preventing acute lethal graft-versus-host disease induced by fully major histocompatibility complex-disparate donor grafts

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v85.9.2607.bloodjournal8592607 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 85 (9) ◽

pp. 2607-2618 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

BR Blazar ◽

PA Taylor ◽

A Panoskaltsis-Mortari ◽

GS Gray ◽

DA Vallera

Keyword(s):

Graft Versus Host Disease ◽

Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽

Effective Means ◽

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽

Host Disease ◽

Graft Versus Host ◽

Leukocyte Function ◽

Highly Effective

We have developed an in vitro system in which C57BL/6 donor splenocytes are exposed to B10.BR host alloantigens in the context of deficient CD28:B7 signaling as a means of preventing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Although 54% to 82% of MLR alloresponse was inhibited by cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4)-Ig treatment of host stimulator cells, treated splenocytes were still capable of causing GVHD when infused in vivo. By adding anti-leukocyte function antigen 1 (anti-LFA1) antibody to hCTLA4-Ig in vitro to coblock the LFA1:intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) signaling, splenic alloresponse was inhibited by > or = 89%, yet GVHD induction capabilities were retained. Because antigen-primed cells might be more susceptible to CD28:B7 blockade, we investigated whether hCTLA4-Ig alone, anti-LFA1 antibody alone, or the combination of both added to donor-antihost in vitro primed cells could reduce GVHD. To facilitate hyporesponsiveness induction and to block B7 and ICAM ligands that are upregulated during GVHD, these reagents were also administered to recipients post-BMT. We have shown that hCTLA4-Ig plus anti-LFA1 antibody is highly effective in preventing GVHD-induced lethality (88% to 100% of treated mice surviving versus 0% to 28% of controls surviving). For optimal prevention, both hCTLA4-Ig and anti-LFA1 must be used in vitro in the context of donor-antihost primed splenocytes and continued in vivo. This in vitro-in vivo combined approach was associated with donor engraftment, and recipients were not globally immunosuppressed. We conclude that blocking both the CD28/B7 and the LFA1:ICAM pathways are critical to effective GVHD prevention and may offer advantages to in vitro donor T-cell removal.

Download Full-text