Validation and Factor Analysis of the Parental Bonding Instrument in Japanese Pregnant Women

Abstract The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) evaluates parental attitudes derived from an individual’s childhood experiences with their parents. The factor structure of the PBI differs depending on variables such as psychosocial factors including culture, race, sex, and psychological and social conditions of participants. Although previous studies of the relationship between perinatal depression and parenting experiences have used the factor structures of the PBI from the general population, it is unclear whether the same factor structures are appropriate in the highly variable perinatal period. In this study, complete responses to the PBI and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were received from 932 primiparas at 25 weeks of gestation and at 1 month postpartum. An exploratory factor analysis was performed on half of the responses, and it was confirmed that the three factors were care, interference, and autonomy. Confirmatory factor analysis of the remaining half of the answers showed comprehensible fitness. Each factor showed a high degree of internal consistency, and each factor of the PBI correlated with the EPDS, indicating construct validity. The reliability and validity of the PBI in perinatal Japanese women were confirmed, and it was found that the PBI had a three-factor structure.

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Australian Adolescents' Perceptions of their Parents

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.3109/00048678909062590 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 35-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Jeffrey Cubis ◽

Terry Lewin ◽

Fiona Dawes

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Social Control ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Community Sample ◽

Parental Bonding ◽

Self Report ◽

Parental Bonding Instrument ◽

Psychosocial Profiles ◽

Report Measure

We examined the characteristics of a self-report measure for assessing perceptions of parents, the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), in an adolescent community sample (N = 2,147; mean age = 15.4 years). Using factor analysis, three PBI dimensions were identified — the original Care factor and two Protection factors: perceived social control and personal intrusiveness. Important sex differences were found which were not evident in the two factor structure recommended by Parker [1, 2]. Relative to sons, daughters saw their fathers as more personally intrusive and their mothers as less socially controlling and much more caring. Overall, adolescents perceived mothers as more caring but more personally intrusive than fathers. Adolescents who saw their father as uncaring and their mother as controlling tended to have the least positive psychosocial profiles.

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Hungarian version of the Family Relationship Questionnaire (FRQ)

Interpersona An International Journal on Personal Relationships ◽

10.5964/ijpr.4609 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 36-54

Author(s):

Dora Csilla Kovács ◽

Veronika Mészáros ◽

Zsuzsanna Tanyi ◽

Edit Jakubovits ◽

Máté Smohai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Parental Bonding ◽

Family Relationship ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Fit Indices ◽

Parental Bonding Instrument ◽

The Family ◽

Hungarian Version

The purpose of this paper is to examine the validity of the Family Relationship Questionnaire (FRQ) in Hungary. The FRQ was filled out together with the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) by 1017 healthy Hungarian people. The original factor structure of the FRQ did not fit well in the Hungarian sample, but with some modifications – based on modification indices – adequate fit indices could arise. The FRQ scales showed significant relations (moderate to high) with the PBI which confirmed the convergent validity of the scales. Four of the FRQ scale turned to be cross-culturally valid scales. The reliability and validity of Dominance scale in Western cultures should further be examined.

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A systematic review of the latent structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) amongst adolescents

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03206-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Joanna M. Blodgett ◽

Chantelle C. Lachance ◽

Brendon Stubbs ◽

Melissa Co ◽

Yu-Tzu Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

Factor Structure ◽

English Language ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Latent Structure ◽

Future Research ◽

Primary Analysis ◽

The Usa

Abstract Background The Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a commonly used psychometric scale of depression. A four-factor structure (depressed affect, positive affect, somatic symptoms, and interpersonal difficulties) was initially identified in an American sample aged 18 to 65. Despite emerging evidence, a latent structure has not been established in adolescents. This review aimed to investigate the factor structure of the CES-D in adolescents. Methods We searched Web of Science, PsychINFO and Scopus and included peer-reviewed, original studies assessing the factor structure of the 20-item CES-D in adolescents aged ≤18. Two independent researchers screened results and extracted data. Results Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were primarily from school-based samples in the USA or Asia. Studies that conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n = 9) reported a four-factor structure consistent with the original factor structure; these studies were primarily USA-based. Conversely, studies that conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) reported distinct two or three factor structures (n = 4) and were primarily based in Asia. Limitations Studies in a non-English language and those that included individuals aged > 18 years were excluded. Ethnic or cultural differences as well as different analytical methods impacted generalisability of results. The use of CFA as the primary analysis may have biased towards a four-factor structure. Conclusions A four-factor CES-D structure was an appropriate fit for adolescents in Western countries; further research is required to determine the fit in in Asian countries. This has important implications for clinical use of the scale. Future research should consider how cultural differences shape the experience of depression in adolescents.

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EMOTIONAL CREATIVITY INVENTORY: FACTOR STRUCTURE, RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY IN A GEORGIAN-SPEAKING POPULATION

Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century ◽

10.33225/ppc/17.11.31 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 31-41

Author(s):

Khatuna Martsksvishvili ◽

Nino Abuladze ◽

Natia Sordia ◽

Aljoscha Neubauer

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Constructivist Theory ◽

Future Research ◽

Structure Reliability ◽

Dispositional Flow ◽

Social Constructivist Theory

The concept of emotional creativity is based on a social constructivist theory of emotion and refers to an individual’s ability to experience and express novel, sincere, and effective mixtures of emotions. The present research examines the psychometric properties of the Georgian version of Emotional Creativity Inventory (G-ECI; Averill, 1999). 834 individuals across five studies completed the G-ECI. Results from exploratory factor analysis indicate that the factor structure of the original ECI broadly replicates in the Georgian translation. The Cronbach’s alpha reliabilities of the G-ECI scales are mostly acceptable. There are significant gender differences. Examining the construct validity of G-ECI with other constructs (namely, with emotional intelligence, creativity and flow) showed the expected relationships. In conclusion, the Georgian version of the emotional creativity inventory seems well suited for future research purposes. Keywords: emotional creativity, emotional intelligence, creative abilities, dispositional flow.

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Reliability and Validity of the Persian Version Emotional Self-efficacy Scale for Young Adolescents

Journal of Research and Health ◽

10.32598/jrh.11.1.1645.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 61-70

Author(s):

Zahra Mohammadi ◽

◽

Zohreh Meshkati ◽

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

High School Students ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

First Grade ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

School Students ◽

Statistical Population ◽

Persian Version

Background: The present research aimed at determining the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Emotional Self-Efficiency Scale (ESES) for adolescents of Isfahan city. This study was conducted using a developmental research method. The statistical population consisted of all the first-grade high school students of Isfahan city in 2018 (n=59396). Methods: A total number of 280 students (160 girls and 120 boys, mean±SD age of 12.98±1.14) were selected using a stratified random sampling method, and completed ESES for adolescents (2015), as well as Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (2001). Results: An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed the four-factor structure of ESES. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) also confirmed the fit of the four-factor structure of the scale. The results of the within-group correlation coefficient were obtained to investigate the acceptable test-retest reliability. The results of the correlation between the above-mentioned scale and SEQ-C instrument was also significant (P<0.05). Moreover, ESES and its dimensions had proper reliability over time. The reliability obtained by Cronbach’s alpha for all four dimensions of the questionnaire, given the number of items, was higher than 0.5 for each dimension and higher than 0.7 for the whole scale, which was acceptable. Conclusion: These findings indicate the acceptable validity and reliability of ESES for Isfahan’s adolescents, and its validity and reliability should be investigated in broader research on Iranian children and adolescents.

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Psychometric properties of the Danish Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in patients with cardiac disease: results from the DenHeart survey

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes ◽

10.1186/s12955-019-1264-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anne Vinggaard Christensen ◽

Jane K. Dixon ◽

Knud Juel ◽

Ola Ekholm ◽

Trine Bernholdt Rasmussen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Divergent Validity ◽

Hospital Anxiety ◽

Item Functioning ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Abstract Background Anxiety and depression symptoms are common among cardiac patients. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is frequently used to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression; however, no study on the validity and reliability of the scale in Danish cardiac patients has been done. The aim, therefore, was to evaluate the psychometric properties of HADS in a large sample of Danish patients with the four most common cardiac diagnoses: ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, heart failure and heart valve disease. Methods The DenHeart study was designed as a national cross-sectional survey including the HADS, SF-12 and HeartQoL and combined with data from national registers. Psychometric evaluation included analyses of floor and ceiling effects, structural validity using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and hypotheses testing of convergent and divergent validity by relating the HADS scores to the SF-12 and HeartQoL. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha, and differential item functioning by gender was examined using ordinal logistic regression. Results A total of 12,806 patients (response rate 51%) answered the HADS. Exploratory factor analysis supported the original two-factor structure of the HADS, while confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure consisting of the original depression subscale and two anxiety subscales as suggested in a previous study. There were floor effects on all items and ceiling effect on item 8. The hypotheses regarding convergent validity were confirmed but those regarding divergent validity for HADS-D were not. Internal consistency was good with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87 for HADS-A and 0.82 for HADS-D. There were no indications of noticeable differential item functioning by gender for any items. Conclusions The present study supported the evidence of convergent validity and high internal consistency for both HADS outcomes in a large sample of Danish patients with cardiac disease. There are, however, conflicting results regarding the factor structure of the scale consistent with previous research. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01926145.

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Psychometric Properties of the Czech Version of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International in Patients with Early-Stage Dementia

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra ◽

10.1159/000501676 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 319-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Helena Kisvetrová ◽

David Školoudík ◽

Roman Herzig ◽

Kateřina Langová ◽

Petra Kurková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Fear Of Falling ◽

Early Stage ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Good Reliability ◽

People With Dementia

Introduction: A fear of falling marks an important psychological factor connected with a reduction in the life space of people with dementia. The Czech version of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) has not been validated in patients with early-stage dementia. Methods: The tests were administered to 282 patients with early-stage dementia. The test battery included the following: the FES-I, the Short Physical Performance Battery, the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Bristol Activity Daily Living Scale, and the Quality of Life-Alzheimer’s Disease Scale. Internal reliability (Cronbach’s α and intraclass correlation [ICC]), Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlations, exploratory factor analysis, and a t test for independent samples were used for statistical analyses. Results: The Czech version of the FES-I had excellent internal and test-retest reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.98, ICC = 0.90; 95% CI 0.82–0.94). Factor analysis suggested 2 relevant factors. A significantly higher FES-I score was associated with patients with early-stage dementia who were older (p = 0.003) or female (p = 0.001), lived alone (p = 0.0001), spent >8 h a day alone (p = 0.032), used mobility aids (p < 0.0001), or had severe hearing (p = 0.004) or vision impairment (p < 0.0001) or a lower education (r = –0.16, p = 0.007). Conclusion: The Czech version of the FES-I had very good reliability and validity and may be useful in future cross-cultural comparisons in research among patients with early-stage dementia.

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Cross-Cultural Validation of the Modified Practice Attitudes Scale: Initial Factor Analysis and a New Factor Model

Assessment ◽

10.1177/1073191116634202 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 126-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Heehoon Park ◽

Chad K. Ebesutani ◽

Kyong-Mee Chung ◽

Cameo Stanick

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Health System ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Mental Health System ◽

Service Providers ◽

Factor Model ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Significant Group ◽

The One

Objective: The objective of this study was to create the Korean version of the Modified Practice Attitudes Scale (K-MPAS) to measure clinicians’ attitudes toward evidence-based treatments (EBTs) in the Korean mental health system. Method: Using 189 U.S. therapists and 283 members from the Korean mental health system, we examined the reliability and validity of the MPAS scores. We also conducted the first exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis on the MPAS and compared EBT attitudes across U.S. and Korean therapists. Results: Results revealed that the inclusion of both “reversed-worded” and “non–reversed-worded” items introduced significant method effects that compromised the integrity of the one-factor MPAS model. Problems with the one-factor structure were resolved by eliminating the “non–reversed-worded” items. Reliability and validity were adequate among both Korean and U.S. therapists. Korean therapists also reported significantly more negative attitudes toward EBTs on the MPAS than U.S. therapists. Conclusions: The K-MPAS is the first questionnaire designed to measure Korean service providers’ attitudes toward EBTs to help advance the dissemination of EBTs in Korea. The current study also demonstrated the negative impacts that can be introduced by incorporating oppositely worded items into a scale, particularly with respect to factor structure and detecting significant group differences.

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Factor structure and psychometric properties of Chinese version of Beck Anxiety Inventory in Chinese doctors

Journal of Health Psychology ◽

10.1177/1359105316658971 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 657-666 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ying Liang ◽

Lei Wang ◽

Jianbo Zhu

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Eastern China ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Chinese Version ◽

Beck Anxiety Inventory ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Potential Factor

This study analyses the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of Beck Anxiety Inventory on Chinese doctors. Participants include 762 doctors sampled in 18 public hospitals in three cities in Eastern China. Exploratory factor analysis is employed to identify the potential factor structure of the inventory. Confirmatory factor analysis is referred to for model fit. The results indicate that the Chinese version of Beck Anxiety Inventory has satisfactory reliability and validity, but its factor structure is unstable and has great differences compared with international versions. Naming the four extracted factors is difficult. In general, the Chinese version of Beck Anxiety Inventory is appropriate for Chinese doctors and can be used as a good screener to detect the anxiety of Chinese doctors.

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