HSF1 Promotes the Development of Endometriosis by Up-regulating PFKFB3 Expression

Author(s):  
yixin wang ◽  
jing xiu ◽  
tingting yang ◽  
chune ren ◽  
zhenhai yu

Abstract BackgroundEndometriosis is a chronic hormonal inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue (glands and stroma) outside the uterus. Endometriosis seriously affects the physical health of women of childbearing age, often causes infertility, and affects the body and mind of patients and their families.MethodsWe examined the effect of HSF1 on endometriosis through cell count, scratch and clone formation experiments. We used real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting to detect the effect of HSF1 on mRNA and protein of endometriosis cells. Collect the cell culture medium and Glucose levels and lactate levels were determined using a glucose (GO) assay kit and a lactate assay kit. Furthermore, we established a mouse model of endometriosis, and the effect of HSF1 on endometriosis was observed by inhibiting HSF1 with KRIBB11 in the mice.ResultsHSF1 is highly expressed in endometriosis and plays an indispensable role in endometriosis development in both cell and animal studies. We found that HSF1 promotes endometriosis development and glucose consumption and lactic acid production. Further research showed that HSF1 functions in endometriosis by up-regulating PFKFB3, a key enzyme in glycolysis. And the HSF1 inhibitor KRIBB11 can abrogate all of the above experimental effects both in vivo and in vitro. ConclusionsOur study shows that HSF1 plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of endometriosis, which may become a new target for the treatment of endometriosis and provide a new idea for the clinical treatment of endometriosis.

Zygote ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Maryam Mahaldashtian ◽  
Mohammad Ali Khalili ◽  
Fatemeh Anbari ◽  
Mohammad Seify ◽  
Manuel Belli

Summary Cell phones operate with a wide range of frequency bands and emit radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR). Concern on the possible health hazards of RF-EMR has been growing in many countries because these RF-EMR pulses may be absorbed into the body cells, directly affecting them. There are some in vitro and in vivo animal studies related to the consequences of RF-EMR exposure from cell phones on embryo development and offspring. In addition, some studies have revealed that RF-EMR from cellular phone may lead to decrease in the rates of fertilization and embryo development, as well as the risk of the developmental anomalies, other studies have reported that it does not interfere with in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection success rates, or the chromosomal aberration rate. Of course, it is unethical to study the effect of waves generated from cell phones on the forming human embryos. Conversely, other mammals have many similarities to humans in terms of anatomy, physiology and genetics. Therefore, in this review we focused on the existing literature evaluating the potential effects of RF-EMR on mammalian embryonic and fetal development.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Foo Sok Yen ◽  
Chan Shu Qin ◽  
Sharryl Tan Shi Xuan ◽  
Puah Jia Ying ◽  
Hong Yi Le ◽  
...  

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with chronic high blood glucose levels, and it is associated with defects in insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both. It is also a major public issue, affecting the world's population. This disease contributes to long-term health complications such as dysfunction and failure of multiple organs, including nerves, heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and eyes. Flavonoids are phenolic compounds found in nature and usually present as secondary metabolites in plants, vegetables, and fungi. Flavonoids possess many health benefits such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and naturally occurring flavonoids contribute to antidiabetic effects.Many studies conducted in vivo and in vitro have proven the hypoglycemic effect of plant flavonoids. A large number of studies showed that flavonoids hold positive results in controlling the blood glucose level in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and further prevent the complications of diabetes. The future development of flavonoid-based drugs is believed to provide significant effects on diabetes mellitus and diabetes complication diseases. This review aims at summarizing the various types of flavonoids that function as hyperglycemia regulators such as inhibitors of α-glucosidase and glucose cotransporters in the body. This review article discusses the hypoglycemic effects of selected plant flavonoids namely quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, naringenin, fisetin, and morin. Four search engines, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and SciFinder, are used to collect the data.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Karla Guadalupe Perez-Avila ◽  
Cruz Vargas-De-León ◽  
José Antonio Morales-González ◽  
Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán

Diabetes mellitus is a disease that is characterized by the chronic presence of blood glucose levels caused by a defect in the secretion of insulin or in the action of this hormone in the body which must be treated integrally with a multidisciplinary approach. The natural treatment of this disease is a common practice around the world, especially in Latin America, there are several clinical studies, in vivo or in vitro assays that focus on assessing the hypoglycemic capacity of various natural products used empirically by the population for years for the phytotherapeutic treatment of the disease as well as the chemicals related to the mechanism of action that produces the hypoglycaemic effect. In the present article, a brief review of the evidence of the hypoglycemic capacity of some natural products for the alternative treatment of diabetes mellitus 2


2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (1) ◽  
pp. E148-E156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yin ◽  
Zhanguo Gao ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Zhijun Liu ◽  
Jianping Ye

Berberine, a botanical alkaloid used to control blood glucose in type 2 diabetes in China, has recently been reported to activate AMPK. However, it is not clear how AMPK is activated by berberine. In this study, activity and action mechanism of berberine were investigated in vivo and in vitro. In dietary obese rats, berberine increased insulin sensitivity after 5-wk administration. Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were decreased by 46 and 48%, respectively, in the rats. In cell lines including 3T3-L1 adipocytes, L6 myotubes, C2C12myotubes, and H4IIE hepatocytes, berberine was found to increase glucose consumption, 2-deoxyglucose uptake, and to a less degree 3- O-methylglucose (3-OMG) uptake independently of insulin. The insulin-induced glucose uptake was enhanced by berberine in the absence of change in IRS-1 (Ser307/312), Akt, p70 S6, and ERK phosphorylation. AMPK phosphorylation was increased by berberine at 0.5 h, and the increase remained for ≥16 h. Aerobic and anaerobic respiration were determined to understand the mechanism of berberine action. The long-lasting phosphorylation of AMPK was associated with persistent elevation in AMP/ATP ratio and reduction in oxygen consumption. An increase in glycolysis was observed with a rise in lactic acid production. Berberine exhibited no cytotoxicity, and it protected plasma membrane in L6 myotubes in the cell culture. These results suggest that berberine enhances glucose metabolism by stimulation of glycolysis, which is related to inhibition of glucose oxidation in mitochondria. Berberine-induced AMPK activation is likely a consequence of mitochondria inhibition that increases the AMP/ATP ratio.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixin Wang ◽  
Jing Xiu ◽  
Tingting Yang ◽  
Chune Ren ◽  
Zhenhai Yu

Abstract Background Endometriosis is a chronic hormonal inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Endometriosis often causes infertility, which affects the body and mind of patients and their families.Methods We examined the functions of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) in endometriosis development through cell count, scratch and clone formation experiments. We used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB) to detect the functions of HSF1 in endometriosis cells. Glucose and lactate levels were determined using a glucose (GO) assay kit and a lactate assay kit. Furthermore, we established a mouse model of endometriosis by using a HSF1 inhibitor-KRIBB11.Results Our study demonstrated that HSF1 was highly expressed in endometriosis, and promoted endometriosis development. Interestingly, we found that HSF1 promoted glycolysis in endometriosis cells. Further, HSF1 enhanced glycolysis by up-regulating PFKFB3 in endometriosis cells, which was a key enzyme in glucose metabolism. Moreover, the HSF1 inhibitor KRIBB11 could abrogate endometriosis progression in vivo and in vitro.Conclusions Findings indicate that HSF1 plays an important role in the development of endometriosis, which might become a new target for the treatment of endometriosis and provide a new idea for the clinical treatment of endometriosis.Electronic supplementary material Supplementary data are available.


2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-764
Author(s):  
Benjamin B. Rothrauff ◽  
Rocky S. Tuan

Bone possesses an intrinsic regenerative capacity, which can be compromised by aging, disease, trauma, and iatrogenesis (e.g. tumor resection, pharmacological). At present, autografts and allografts are the principal biological treatments available to replace large bone segments, but both entail several limitations that reduce wider use and consistent success. The use of decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM), often derived from xenogeneic sources, has been shown to favorably influence the immune response to injury and promote site-appropriate tissue regeneration. Decellularized bone ECM (dbECM), utilized in several forms — whole organ, particles, hydrogels — has shown promise in both in vitro and in vivo animal studies to promote osteogenic differentiation of stem/progenitor cells and enhance bone regeneration. However, dbECM has yet to be investigated in clinical studies, which are needed to determine the relative efficacy of this emerging biomaterial as compared with established treatments. This mini-review highlights the recent exploration of dbECM as a biomaterial for skeletal tissue engineering and considers modifications on its future use to more consistently promote bone regeneration.


2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giuseppa Morabito

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.


Author(s):  
А.А. Раецкая ◽  
С.В. Калиш ◽  
С.В. Лямина ◽  
Е.В. Малышева ◽  
О.П. Буданова ◽  
...  

Цель исследования. Доказательство гипотезы, что репрограммированные in vitro на М3 фенотип макрофаги при введении в организм будут существенно ограничивать развитие солидной карциномы in vivo . Методика. Рост солидной опухоли инициировали у мышей in vivo путем подкожной инъекции клеток карциномы Эрлиха (КЭ). Инъекцию макрофагов с нативным М0 фенотипом и с репрограммированным M3 фенотипом проводили в область формирования солидной КЭ. Репрограммирование проводили с помощью низких доз сыворотки, блокаторов факторов транскрипции STAT3/6 и SMAD3 и липополисахарида. Использовали две схемы введения макрофагов: раннее и позднее. При раннем введении макрофаги вводили на 1-е, 5-е, 10-е и 15-е сут. после инъекции клеток КЭ путем обкалывания макрофагами с четырех сторон область развития опухоли. При позднем введении, макрофаги вводили на 10-е, 15-е, 20-е и 25-е сут. Через 15 и 30 сут. после введения клеток КЭ солидную опухоль иссекали и измеряли ее объем. Эффект введения макрофагов оценивали качественно по визуальной и пальпаторной характеристикам солидной опухоли и количественно по изменению ее объема по сравнению с группой без введения макрофагов (контроль). Результаты. Установлено, что M3 макрофаги при раннем введении от начала развития опухоли оказывают выраженный антиопухолевый эффект in vivo , который был существенно более выражен, чем при позднем введении макрофагов. Заключение. Установлено, что введение репрограммированных макрофагов M3 ограничивает развитие солидной карциномы в экспериментах in vivo . Противоопухолевый эффект более выражен при раннем введении М3 макрофагов. Обнаруженные в работе факты делают перспективным разработку клинической версии биотехнологии ограничения роста опухоли, путем предварительного программирования антиопухолевого врожденного иммунного ответа «в пробирке». Aim. To verify a hypothesis that macrophages reprogrammed in vitro to the M3 phenotype and injected into the body substantially restrict the development of solid carcinoma in vivo . Methods. Growth of a solid tumor was initiated in mice in vivo with a subcutaneous injection of Ehrlich carcinoma (EC) cells. Macrophages with a native M0 phenotype or reprogrammed towards the M3 phenotype were injected into the region of developing solid EC. Reprogramming was performed using low doses of serum, STAT3/6 and SMAD3 transcription factor blockers, and lipopolysaccharide. Two schemes of macrophage administration were used: early and late. With the early administration, macrophages were injected on days 1, 5, 10, and 15 following the injection of EC cells at four sides of the tumor development area. With the late administration, macrophages were injected on days 10, 15, 20, and 25. At 15 and 30 days after the EC cell injection, the solid tumor was excised and its volume was measured. The effect of macrophage administration was assessed both qualitatively by visual and palpation characteristics of solid tumor and quantitatively by changes in the tumor volume compared with the group without the macrophage treatment. Results. M3 macrophages administered early after the onset of tumor development exerted a pronounced antitumor effect in vivo , which was significantly greater than the antitumor effect of the late administration of M3 macrophages. Conclusion. The observed significant inhibition of in vivo growth of solid carcinoma by M3 macrophages makes promising the development of a clinical version of the biotechnology for restriction of tumor growth by in vitro pre-programming of the antitumor, innate immune response.


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (45) ◽  
pp. 5783-5792
Author(s):  
Kholood Abid Janjua ◽  
Adeeb Shehzad ◽  
Raheem Shahzad ◽  
Salman Ul Islam ◽  
Mazhar Ul Islam

There is compelling evidence that drug molecules isolated from natural sources are hindered by low systemic bioavailability, poor absorption, and rapid elimination from the human body. Novel approaches are urgently needed that could enhance the retention time as well as the efficacy of natural products in the body. Among the various adopted approaches to meet this ever-increasing demand, nanoformulations show the most fascinating way of improving the bioavailability of dietary phytochemicals through modifying their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Curcumin, a yellowish pigment isolated from dried ground rhizomes of turmeric, exhibits tremendous pharmacological effects, including anticancer activities. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that curcumin mediates anticancer effects through the modulation (upregulation and/or downregulations) of several intracellular signaling pathways both at protein and mRNA levels. Scientists have introduced multiple modern techniques and novel dosage forms for enhancing the delivery, bioavailability, and efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of various malignancies. These novel dosage forms include nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, phospholipids, and curcumin-encapsulated polymer nanoparticles. Nanocurcumin has shown improved anticancer effects compared to conventional curcumin formulations. This review discusses the underlying molecular mechanism of various nanoformulations of curcumin for the treatment of different cancers. We hope that this study will make a road map for preclinical and clinical investigations of cancer and recommend nano curcumin as a drug of choice for cancer therapy.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar ◽  
Nurul Iman Natasya Zulkafali ◽  
Azizah Ugusman

: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc-dependent metallo-endopeptidase that are responsible towards the degradation, repair and remodelling of extracellular matrix components. MMPs play an important role in maintaining a normal physiological function and preventing diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Natural products derived from plants have been used as traditional medicine for centuries. Its active compounds, such as catechin, resveratrol and quercetin, are suggested to play an important role as MMPs inhibitors, thereby opening new insights into their applications in many fields, such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. This review summarises the current knowledge on plant-derived natural products with MMP-modulating activities. Most of the reviewed plant-derived products exhibit an inhibitory activity on MMPs. Amongst MMPs, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are the most studied. The expression of MMPs is inhibited through respective signalling pathways, such as MAPK, NF-κB and PI3 kinase pathways, which contribute to the reduction in cancer cell behaviours, such as proliferation and migration. Most studies have employed in vitro models, but a limited number of animal studies and clinical trials have been conducted. Even though plant-derived products show promising results in modulating MMPs, more in vivo studies and clinical trials are needed to support their therapeutic applications in the future.


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