scholarly journals Brain Structures and Activity During a Working Memory Task Associated with Internet Addiction Tendency in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Sadeghi ◽  
Hikaru Takeuchi ◽  
Bita Shalani ◽  
Yasuyuki Taki ◽  
Rui Nouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Lentiform Nucleus ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract An increasing number of young people use internet excessively over the last decades, which leads to adverse impacts on individuals and society. The structural and functional brain characteristics associated with the excessive use of the internet have attracted substantial research attention in the past decade; however, due to the small sample sizes of past studies, many findings are inconsistent. Also, the relationship between internet addiction tendency (IAT) and regional brain activity during working memory (WM), a critical cognitive function governing learned behavior, has not been explored. In current study, we used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and multiple regression analysis to assess the relationship between IAT score and regional gray and white matter volumes (rGMVs and rWMVs) and brain activity during a WM task in a large sample of healthy young adults (n= 1,154, mean age, 20.71 ± 1.78 years).We found a significant positive correlation between IAT score and GMV of right supramarginal gyrus (rSMG) and significant negative correlations with WMVs of right temporal lobe (sub-gyral and superior temporal gyrus), right sublobar area (extra-nuclear and lentiform nucleus), right cerebellar anterior lobe, cerebellar tonsil, right frontal lobe (inferior frontal gyrus and sub-gyral areas), and the pons. Also, IAT was significantly and positively correlated with brain activity in the default-mode network (DMN), medial frontal gyrus, medial part of the superior frontal gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex) during a 2-back WM task. Moreover, whole-brain analyses of rGMV showed significant effects of interaction between sex and the IAT scores in the area spreading around the left anterior insula and left lentiform. This interaction was moderated by positive correlation in females.These results indicate that IAT is associated with (a) increased GMV in rSMG, which is involved in phonological processing, (b) decreased WMVs in areas of frontal, sublobar, and temporal lobes, which are involved in response inhibition, and (c) reduced task-induced deactivation of the DMN, indicative of altered attentional allocation.

scholarly journals Brain structures and activity during a working memory task associated with internet addiction tendency in young adults: A large sample study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259259
Author(s):  
Saeid Sadeghi ◽  
Hikaru Takeuchi ◽  
Bita Shalani ◽  
Yasuyuki Taki ◽  
Rui Nouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Lentiform Nucleus ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Matter Volume

The structural and functional brain characteristics associated with the excessive use of the internet have attracted substantial research attention in the past decade. In current study, we used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and multiple regression analysis to assess the relationship between internet addiction tendency (IAT) score and regional gray and white matter volumes (rGMVs and rWMVs) and brain activity during a WM task in a large sample of healthy young adults (n = 1,154, mean age, 20.71 ± 1.78 years). We found a significant positive correlation between IAT score and gray matter volume (GMV) of right supramarginal gyrus (rSMG) and significant negative correlations with white matter volume (WMV) of right temporal lobe (sub-gyral and superior temporal gyrus), right sublobar area (extra-nuclear and lentiform nucleus), right cerebellar anterior lobe, cerebellar tonsil, right frontal lobe (inferior frontal gyrus and sub-gyral areas), and the pons. Also, IAT was significantly and positively correlated with brain activity in the default-mode network (DMN), medial frontal gyrus, medial part of the superior frontal gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex during a 2-back working memory (WM) task. Moreover, whole-brain analyses of rGMV showed significant effects of interaction between sex and the IAT scores in the area spreading around the left anterior insula and left lentiform. This interaction was moderated by positive correlation in women. These results indicate that IAT is associated with (a) increased GMV in rSMG, which is involved in phonological processing, (b) decreased WMV in areas of frontal, sublobar, and temporal lobes, which are involved in response inhibition, and (c) reduced task-induced deactivation of the DMN, indicative of altered attentional allocation.

Shared Neural Circuits for Visuospatial Working Memory and Arithmetic in Children and Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Anna A. Matejko ◽  
Daniel Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Arithmetic Networks ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Superior Frontal Sulcus

Abstract Visuospatial working memory (VSWM) plays an important role in arithmetic problem solving, and the relationship between these two skills is thought to change over development. Even though neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that VSWM and arithmetic both recruit frontoparietal networks, inferences about common neural substrates have largely been made by comparisons across studies. Little work has examined how brain activation for VSWM and arithmetic converge within the same participants and whether there are age-related changes in the overlap of these neural networks. In this study, we examined how brain activity for VSWM and arithmetic overlap in 38 children and 26 adults. Although both children and adults recruited the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) for VSWM and arithmetic, children showed more focal activation within the right IPS, whereas adults recruited the bilateral IPS, superior frontal sulcus/middle frontal gyrus, and right insula. A comparison of the two groups revealed that adults recruited a more left-lateralized network of frontoparietal regions for VSWM and arithmetic compared with children. Together, these findings suggest possible neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the strong relationship between VSWM and arithmetic and provide evidence that the association between VSWM and arithmetic networks changes with age.

scholarly journals Effects of Schizophrenia Polygenic Risk Scores on Brain Activity and Performance During Working Memory Subprocesses in Healthy Young Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob A Miller ◽  
Matthew A Scult ◽  
Emily Drabant Conley ◽  
Qiang Chen ◽  
Daniel R Weinberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
And Performance

Does IQ Influence Association Between Working Memory and ADHD Symptoms in Young Adults?

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110588
Author(s):  
Pedro San Martin Soares ◽  
Paula Duarte de Oliveira ◽  
Fernando César Wehrmeister ◽  
Ana Maria Baptista Menezes ◽  
Luis Augusto Rohde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Robust Variance ◽  
The Relationship

Objective This study examined the association between WM and ADHD symptoms in young adults and whether IQ-score influenced this association. Method Data from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study were analyzed ( N = 2,845). Working memory and ADHD symptoms were collected at 22 years. IQ was examined at age 18. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to assess the associations between working memory and ADHD symptoms. We also evaluated whether IQ modified associations between working memory and ADHD symptoms. Results Working memory was negatively associated with Inattention symptoms of ADHD. The association between working memory and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms of ADHD varied by IQ. Conclusions This study provides new insights to theories about the relationship between WM and ADHD symptoms as well as the development of interventions aimed at improving the performance of WM in ADHD.

scholarly journals Working Memory Alterations After a Romantic Relationship Breakup

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Verhallen ◽  
Remco J. Renken ◽  
Jan-Bernard C. Marsman ◽  
Gert J. ter Horst
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Depressive Symptom Severity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Alterations

Experiencing stress can have a disadvantageous effect on mental well-being. Additional to the relation between suffering from chronic stress and depression, both stress (acute and chronic) and depression are associated with cognitive alterations, including working memory. The breakup of a relationship is considered to be a stressful event that can lead to symptoms of depression in otherwise healthy people. Additional to elevated depression scores, stress-related cognitive alterations may occur in this population as well. Therefore, in the present fMRI study we investigated whether experiencing a relationship breakup is associated with working memory alterations and whether this is related to depressive symptom severity. A three workload version of the n-back task (0-back, 1-back, 2-back) was used to measure working memory in subjects who experienced a breakup in the preceding 6 months (“heartbreak group”, n = 70) and subjects in a romantic relationship (“relationship group”, n = 46). Behavioral task performance was compared between the two groups. Functional MRI scans were analyzed using General Linear Model (GLM) activation analyses. Workload conditions were contrasted to each other and to baseline and group differences were assessed. To investigate whether brain networks are associated with depressive symptom severity within the heartbreak group specifically, a post hoc feature-based Independent Component Analysis was performed on the 2-back > 0-back contrast images to identify brain regions that covaried across subjects. Behaviorally, the heartbreak group performed similar at high workload (i.e., 2-back) and better at moderate workload (i.e., 1-back) than the relationship group. GLM analysis revealed an interaction between group and 2-back > 0-back, 2-back > 1-back and 2-back > baseline; the heartbreak group showed less precuneus activation compared to the relationship group. Furthermore, within the heartbreak group, we found a negative association between depressive symptom severity and a brain network representing mostly the precuneus, anterior cingulate gyrus and supplementary motor cortex. Our findings suggest that the effect of a breakup is accompanied by workload-dependent working memory alterations. Therefore, we propose that this population can potentially be used to investigate the interplay between stress, cognitive functioning and depression.

scholarly journals The relationship between subjective sleep quality and cognitive performance in healthy young adults: Evidence from three empirical studies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsófia Zavecz ◽  
Nagy Tamás ◽  
Adrienn Galkó ◽  
Dezso Nemeth ◽  
Karolina Janacsek
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Procedural Learning ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe role of sleep in cognitive performance has gained increasing attention in neuroscience and sleep research in the recent decades, however, the relationship between subjective (self-reported) sleep quality and cognitive performance has not yet been comprehensively characterized. In this paper, our aim was to test the relationship between subjective sleep quality and a wide range of cognitive functions in a healthy young adult sample combined across three studies. Sleep quality was assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Athens Insomnia Scale, and a sleep diary to capture general subjective sleep quality, and Groningen Sleep Quality Scale to capture prior night’s sleep quality. Within cognitive functions, we tested working memory, executive functions, and several sub-processes of procedural learning. To provide more reliable results, we included robust frequentist and Bayesian statistical analyses as well. Unequivocally across all analyses, we showed that there is no association between subjective sleep quality and cognitive performance in the domain of working memory, executive functions and procedural learning in healthy young adults. Our paper can contribute to a deeper understanding of subjective sleep quality and its measures, and we discuss various factors that may affect whether associations can be observed between subjective sleep quality and cognitive performance.

INTERNET ADDICTION AND SOCIAL ANXIETY AMONG YOUNG ADULTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
Prathvi Naik ◽  
Ashwini Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
College Going ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship

The internet is one of the most widely used means of communication, connecting people all over the world, in association with the rapid escalation of consumed internet content and the wider availability of smartphones and tablets with internet access, is providing a new challenge for classical addictology which requires immediate solutions. High comorbidity of internet addiction with psychiatric disorders has been reported particularly anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder). Internet addiction and social anxiety in puberty are linked to signicant illness that lasts into adulthood. The objectives of this study were to nd out the level of internet addiction and social anxiety among male and female young adults and to study the relationship between internet addiction and social anxiety. The research was conducted on 100 male and female college going students. The data was collected through the purposive sampling method. Young's Internet Addiction Test was used to assess internet addiction, and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale was used to assess social anxiety. The scores were calculated, and the data were analyzed using SPSS. The study found a correlation between internet addiction and social anxiety among male and female young adults (r =.018, P=.236). And found no signicant difference between males and females on the level of internet addiction and social anxiety. The results of the current study support prior evidence for the co-occurrence of internet addiction and social anxiety, while further studies need to clarify this association

scholarly journals Internet Addiction among Young Adult University Students: The Complex Interplay between Family Functioning, Impulsivity, Depression, and Anxiety

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8231
Author(s):  
Eleonora Marzilli ◽  
Luca Cerniglia ◽  
Giulia Ballarotto ◽  
Silvia Cimino
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
University Students ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Affective Involvement

International research has underlined that both interpersonal, self-regulation, and comorbid variables can lead to a higher risk of developing internet addiction (IA) among young adults. To date, no studies have explored the interplay between young adults’ family functioning, impulsivity, and psychopathological difficulties. In a community sample of 244 young adult university students, this study aims to assess the relationship between young adults’ IA and young adults’ gender, the perception of their family functioning, impulsivity level, and depressive and anxiety symptoms, considering the possible interplay between these variables. The presence and the severity of IA were addressed through the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Moreover, young adults filled out self-reporting questionnaires, assessing their perception of family functioning and their impulsivity levels and psychopathological symptoms. Results showed no significant association between the youth’s gender and IA. However, moderately addicted young adults were more likely to report poorer quality of family affective involvement and higher attentional impulsivity and depressive problems than other groups. Moreover, young adults’ attentional impulsivity mediated the relationship between family affective involvement and IA. This study provides new evidence on the complex interaction between individuals and interpersonal risk factors involved in IA among young adults, with important implications for the planning of intervention treatments.

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