scholarly journals The Quantitative Assessment of Respiratory Muscles by Computed Tomography in Patients of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Wu ◽  
Yujia Cao ◽  
Yan Cui ◽  
Baoyu Yuan ◽  
Yijing Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Abstract Objectives Progressive weakness of respiratory muscle is common to patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which leads to respiratory failure, even death. The evaluation of respiratory muscle is essential to evaluate the severity during the progression of the disease and choose appropriate interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the respiratory muscles change of the patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by regular chest computed tomography. Methods The cross-sectional area of respiratory muscles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients was retrospectively reviewed. The severity of the disease was determined by the value of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis function score scale. A healthy control group was selected with well-matched to the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Results Compared with the healthy control group, the cross-sectional area of the diaphragm muscle was lower in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. The reduced cross-sectional area of respiratory muscles has a positive correlation with a lower amyotrophic lateral sclerosis function score. Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis further showed a significant reduction in the cross-sectional area of respiratory muscles after 6-8 months.Conclusions The single-slice axial computed tomography is a fast and reliable method to quantitatively assess the cross-sectional area of respiratory muscles, especially diaphragm muscle, in disease progression.

scholarly journals Atrophy patterns in isolated subscapularis lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gernot Seppel ◽  
Andreas Voss ◽  
Daniel J. H. Henderson ◽  
Simone Waldt ◽  
Bernhard Haller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subscapularis Muscle ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Background While supraspinatus atrophy can be described according to the system of Zanetti or Thomazeau there is still a lack of characterization of isolated subscapularis muscle atrophy. The aim of this study was to describe patterns of muscle atrophy following repair of isolated subscapularis (SSC) tendon. Methods Forty-nine control shoulder MRI scans, without rotator cuff pathology, atrophy or fatty infiltration, were prospectively evaluated and subscapularis diameters as well as cross sectional areas (complete and upper half) were assessed in a standardized oblique sagittal plane. Calculation of the ratio between the upper half of the cross sectional area (CSA) and the total CSA was performed. Eleven MRI scans of patients with subscapularis atrophy following isolated subscapularis tendon tears were analysed and cross sectional area ratio (upper half /total) determined. To guarantee reliable measurement of the CSA and its ratio, bony landmarks were also defined. All parameters were statistically compared for inter-rater reliability, reproducibility and capacity to quantify subscapularis atrophy. Results The mean age in the control group was 49.7 years (± 15.0). The mean cross sectional area (CSA) was 2367.0 mm2 (± 741.4) for the complete subscapularis muscle and 1048.2 mm2 (± 313.3) for the upper half, giving a mean ratio of 0.446 (± 0.046). In the subscapularis repair group the mean age was 56.7 years (± 9.3). With a mean cross sectional area of 1554.7 mm2 (± 419.9) for the complete and of 422.9 mm2 (± 173.6) for the upper half of the subscapularis muscle, giving a mean CSA ratio of 0.269 (± 0.065) which was seen to be significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Analysis of typical atrophy patterns of the subscapularis muscle demonstrates that the CSA ratio represents a reliable and reproducible assessment tool in quantifying subscapularis atrophy. We propose the classification of subscapularis atrophy as Stage I (mild atrophy) in case of reduction of the cross sectional area ratio < 0.4, Stage II (moderate atrophy) in case of < 0.35 and Stage III (severe atrophy) if < 0.3.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Diffusional Characteristics and Microstructure in Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging

2019 ◽  
pp. 014556131987472
Author(s):  
Jie Cai ◽  
Logan Klein ◽  
Pinhong Wu ◽  
Azure Wilson ◽  
Xinlin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Injury Group ◽  
The Cross

Objective: To investigate the value of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the evaluation of vocal fold tissue microstructure after recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury. Methods: Six canines were divided into 2 groups: a unilateral vocal fold paralysis group (n = 4) and a control group (n = 2). The RLN was cut in the unilateral vocal fold paralysis group, and no intervention was applied in the control group. After 4 months, the canines’ larynges were removed and placed in a small animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system (9.4T BioSpec MRI; Bruker, Germany). After scanning, the vocal folds were isolated, sectioned, and stained. The slides were then analyzed for the cross-sectional area and muscle fiber density through feature extraction technology. Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the DTI scan and histological section extraction results. Results: In the vocal fold muscle layer, the fractional anisotropy (FA) of the unilateral RLN injury group was higher than that of the control group, and the Tensor Trace was lower than that of the control group. This difference was statistically significant, P < .05. In the lamina propria, the FA of the unilateral RLN injury group was lower than that of the control group, P > .05, and the Tensor Trace was lower than that of the control group, P < .05. The muscle fiber cross-sectional area of the RLN injury group was significantly smaller than the control group with statistical significance, P < .05, and the density of muscle fibers was lower, P < .05. The correlation coefficient between FA and the cross-sectional area was −0.838, P = .002, and .726; P = .017 between Tensor Trace and the cross-sectional area. Conclusion: Diffusion tensor imaging is an effective method to assess the changes in the microstructure of atrophic vocal fold muscle tissue after RLN injury.

P-NU005. Nerve cross-sectional area as a surrogate marker of peripheral nerve degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 132 (8) ◽  
pp. e118
Author(s):  
Toh Tsun Haw ◽  
Nur Adilah Abdul Aziz ◽  
Mohd Azly Yahaya ◽  
Ee Chin Loh ◽  
David Capelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Nerve Degeneration ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Effects of prolonged undernutrition on structure and function of the diaphragm

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1354-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Kelsen ◽  
M. Ference ◽  
S. Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Structure ◽  
The Cross

The present study examined the effect of prolonged undernutrition on diaphragmatic structure and force-generating ability. Studies were performed on 58 Syrian hamsters in which the feed was reduced by 33% for a 4-wk period. Sixty animals fed a similar diet ad libitum served as controls. Diaphragm muscle structure was assessed from its mass (wet and dry weight), thickness, fiber composition, and fiber size. Isometric force produced in vitro by isolated muscle strips in response to electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve was examined over a range of muscle lengths (length-tension relationship). In undernourished animals, body weight decreased 25 +/- 5%. Diaphragm wet and dry weight, muscle thickness, and the cross-sectional area of fast-glycolytic (FG) and fast-oxidative (FO) fibers were significantly less in undernourished than control animals and correlated with reductions in body weight. The cross-sectional area of slow-oxidative (SO) fibers was the same in the two groups. The percentage of FG fibers in undernourished animals was decreased slightly and the percentage of SO fibers increased. Maximum isometric tension was reduced in undernourished animals as compared with controls, but the position and shape of the length-tension relationship was the same in the two groups. Reductions in muscle force appeared to be explained by decreases in muscle mass, since tension corrected for cross-sectional area or tissue weight was the same in the two groups. Therefore muscle mechanical efficiency appeared to be unaffected by undernutrition. These data indicate that prolonged undernutrition causes deleterious changes in diaphragm muscle structure that impair its ability to generate force.

Effects of weight loss in ewes in early pregnancy on muscles and meat quality of lambs

1999 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. KRAUSGRILL ◽  
N. M. TULLOH ◽  
W. R. SHORTHOSE ◽  
K. SHARPE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
The Cross

Three successive experiments, of similar design, were carried out during 1986–88 at Mount Derrimut, Australia. Mature Merino ewes were mated to Poll Dorset rams and then allocated to either a control group (C) or a treatment group (R). Ewes from each treatment were slaughtered 60, 70, 100 or 140 days post-conception and the development of their foetuses was compared in terms of body size and muscle characteristics. In Expts 1 and 2, some ewes were allowed to lamb and the progeny in each group were slaughtered after reaching a body weight of 35 kg, for comparison of growth rates, muscle characteristics and meat quality.In each experiment, treatment extended from mating to day 70 of pregnancy and, during this period, both groups were housed. Ewes in group C were kept as one group and fed ad libitum and ewes in group R were individually penned and fed a restricted ration of the same diet as that given to group C in order to achieve a steady loss of body weight. In Expt 1, this loss was 8 kg but, in Expts 2 and 3, feed intake was controlled according to condition score and, during this period, group R ewes lost 25–35% of their body weight at mating. After day 70, all ewes were kept grazing and were offered supplementary feed at rates sufficient for a steady increase in ewe body weights.Foetuses in group R were lower in body weight (P<0·05), crown-rump length (P<0·05) and girth (P<0·01). However, birth weights and mean ages of the 35 kg lambs at slaughter did not differ significantly between treatments.There were no significant differences between treatments for the semitendinosus (ST) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles in total muscle weight, DNA content, protein content, nor in the ratios of muscle weight[ratio ]DNA and protein[ratio ]DNA. However, there were significant differences between experiments, which indicated that cell size in the ST and SM muscles was lower in Expt 2 than in Expt 1.In day 70 foetuses, the cross-sectional area of α fibres was greater (P<0·05) in group R than in group C but by day 140 the difference was no longer significant. At day 70, there was also a positive correlation (r=0·65, P<0·01) between the cross-sectional area of β fibres and the number of α fibres surrounding each of them. There were no significant differences between treatments at any age in the percentages of βR, αR and αW fibres.Meat from group R lambs was more tender than that from group C lambs as indicated by significantly lower means in the SM muscle for adhesion (P<0·01) and Warner–Bratzler Peak Force (WB PF) measurements (P<0·05).Although some effects of nutritional restriction were found, severe feed shortage in early pregnancy in sheep is unlikely to have significant effects on the production of prime lamb meat provided that adequate nutrition is available during late pregnancy and post-natal growth.

scholarly journals Addendum: Ishida et al. Formula for the Cross-Sectional Area of the Muscles of the Third Lumbar Vertebra Level from the Twelfth Thoracic Vertebra Level Slice on Computed Tomography. Geriatrics 2020, 5, 47

Geriatrics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Yuria Ishida ◽  
Keisuke Maeda ◽  
Yosuke Yamanaka ◽  
Remi Matsuyama ◽  
Ryoko Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Thoracic Vertebra ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Published Paper

The authors would like to make an addendum to their published paper [...]

scholarly journals Efficacy of Shear Wave Elasticity for Evaluating Myocardial Hypertrophy in Hypertensive Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Takaya ◽  
Kazufumi Nakamura ◽  
Rie Nakayama ◽  
Ohtsuka Hiroaki ◽  
Naofumi Amioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Myocardial Hypertrophy ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Shear wave (SW) imaging is a novel ultrasound-based technique for assessing tissue characteristics. SW elasticity may be useful to assess the severity of hypertensive left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of SW elasticity for assessing the degree of myocardial hypertrophy using hypertensive rats. Rats were divided into hypertension group and control group. SW elasticity was measured on the excised heart. Myocardial hypertrophy was assessed histologically. LV weight was greater in hypertension group. An increase in interventricular septum and LV free wall thicknesses was observed in hypertension group. SW elasticity was significantly higher in hypertension group than in control group (14.6 ± 4.3 kPa vs. 6.5 ± 1.1 kPa, P < 0.01). The cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes was larger in hypertension group than in control group (397 ± 50 µm2 vs. 243 ± 14 µm2, P < 0.01), and SW elasticity was positively correlated with the cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes (R = 0.96, P < 0.01). This study showed that SW elasticity was higher in hypertensive rats and was closely correlated with the degree of myocardial hypertrophy, suggesting the efficacy of SW elasticity for estimating the severity of hypertensive LV hypertrophy.

Anatomical Relations in the Carpal Tunnel: A Computed Tomographic Study

1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
W. JESSURUN ◽  
B. HILLEN ◽  
F. ZONNEVELD ◽  
A. J. C. HUFFSTADT ◽  
J. W. F. BEKS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Flexor Retinaculum ◽  
The Cross

Computed tomography of the carpal tunnel was performed in the hands of both patients and controls in a neutral position, in flexion and in extension. The median nerve was not compressed between the long flexors and the flexor retinaculum in either flexion or extension of the wrist. In flexion, the nerve usually moved dorsally, away from the flexor retinaculum. No difference could be found between the cross-sectional area of the carpal tunnel between patients and controls.

What does inductance plethysmography really measure?

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1749-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Martinot-Lagarde ◽  
R. Sartene ◽  
M. Mathieu ◽  
G. Durand
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pattern Shape ◽  
The Cross

Inasmuch as it has been claimed that inductance plethysmography can measure cross-sectional area changes, we tested this assumption. We present experimental and computed relationships between self-inductance (L) of coils and areas (A) included inside for a coil with a well-defined side wavy pattern (triangular or sinusoidal) and for a real belt (Respitrace) placed on elliptical or rectangular configurations. The results are applied to the physiological field using measurements obtained from a computed tomography experiment. We demonstrate that the L-A relationships vary not only with shape or ellipticity of the cross section but also with the wavy pattern shape. This last parameter is critical because it is difficult to actually control. When the coil wavy pattern remains steady, there are some physiological situations where inductance plethysmography can more accurately estimate area changes: when the configuration shape is constant, the correspondence between delta L and delta A is almost linear with a shape-dependent sensitivity; when the configuration is nearly circular (ellipticity in the range 0.8-1), the relative error in delta A estimation is less than 5%.

The Labyrinthine Portion of the Facial Canal

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wadin ◽  
H. Wilbrand
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Medial Part ◽  
Facial Canal ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Shape And Size

The variational radiographic anatomy of the labyrinthine portion of the facial canal was investigated in 200 plastic and silicone casts of unselected temporal bone specimens by means of multidirectional and computed tomography in different projections. The labyrinthine portion of the canal varied considerably in shape and size; in some specimens the cross-section was circular, but often the canal was crumpled and flattened in its passage above the cochlea. The medial part of the labyrinthine portion was narrowest, the lowest cross-sectional area being 0.5 mm2. In spite of optimal positioning of the specimen it was not always possible to reproduce the entire labyrinthine portion of the canal completely. Most difficult to reproduce were specimens with extremely small vertical diameters and marked caudal sloping of the canal.

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