scholarly journals Risk factors associated with the detection of pulmonary emphysema in older asymptomatic respiratory subjects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivette Buendia-Roldan ◽  
Alexia Palma-Lopez ◽  
Danaireth Chan-Padilla ◽  
Iliana Herrera ◽  
Mariel Maldonado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Pulmonary Emphysema ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Smoking Exposure ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

Abstract Background: Several lung structural and functional abnormalities may occur associated withaging, including emphysema. In this study, we evaluated the frequency and risk factors associated with emphysema in respiratory asymptomatic individuals enrolled in our Lung Aging Program. From a cohort of 687 subjects, we found by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) 29 individuals (4%) withemphysematous changes that were compared with 87 controls (3:1) randomly selected from the same cohort. Methods: This was atransversal, observational, case-control study where we examined demographics and functional characteristics, as well as telomere length and serum Klotho concentration, two conditions that have been associated with aging and some aging-associated diseases including emphysema. Results: Individuals with subclinical pulmonary emphysema were older (72 ± 9 versus 67 ± 6 years), and primarily smoker males with low body mass index. Despite that they were asymptomatic, two of them exhibited a decrease of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ),with a lower FEV 1 /FVC suggesting airway obstruction. Cigarette smoking (OR=5.43, CI95% 1.8-16.7), family history of lung disease (OR=4.32, CI95% 1.0-19.0) and lower body mass index (OR 7.22, CI95% 1.2-3.5)were risk factors for the development of lung emphysematous changes. No association was found with telomere length and Klotho serum concentration. Conclusion: Our findings reveal that a small but important percentage of olderpeople without respiratory symptoms, present pulmonary emphysema and indicate that smoking exposure and genetic background may contribute as etiological factors.

Risk Factors Associated With Snoring in Women With Special Emphasis on Body Mass Index

CHEST Journal ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Svensson ◽  
Eva Lindberg ◽  
Tord Naessen ◽  
Christer Janson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals INTERRELATION BETWEEN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AND TELOMERE BIOLOGY WITH THE SIGNS OF VASCULAR AGING

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Kruglikova ◽  
I. D. Strajesko ◽  
O. N. Tkacheva ◽  
D. U. Akasheva ◽  
E. V. Plokhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Wall Stiffness

Aim.To study interrelationship between cardiovascular risk factors and cellular and vascular aging processes. Material and methods. Totally 136 patients were included having no signs of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes 2nd type and receiving no drug therapy, but with one or several risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (smoking, arterial hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, fasting hyperglycemia). The telomere length and telomerase activity was measured by polymerase chain reaction. The thickness of intima-media complex (TIMC) and presence of atherosclerotic plaques (ASP) were measured by duplex scanning of right and left carotid arteries. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured by applanation tonometry. Biochemical tests done by standard.Results.PWV significantly correlated with age, body mass index, glycosilated hemoglobin level, fasting glycemia and telomere length. Presence of ASP and increased TIMC significantly correlated with age, body mass index, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia.Conclusion.Increase of arterial wall stiffness and subclinical atherosclerotic disease have different causes. The level of PWV more linked with carbohydrate metabolism disorder, and TIMC and ASP are linked with lipid disorders.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated With Type-II Diabetes Mellitus in Male Adults in District Mardan

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Factors Associated

A study was carried out, in order to assess the risk factors associated with type-II diabetes mellitus in males (Age≥40 years) in district Mardan. Four hundred cases and controls (Each 200) were selected from 10 union councils (7 rural and 3 urban) by a systematic sampling method. In order to select cases and controls, all were interviewed for medical history, on fulfillment of which, cases and controls were separately included for study. In anthropometry, weight, and height were taken for Body Mass Index while waist and hip circumference were taken for waist-to-hip ratio. Fasting blood sugar of cases and controls was determined with the glucometer. Cases and controls were interviewed with Food frequency questionnaire and other questionnaires in order to assess the demographic and socioeconomic characters of the families. The results disclosed that most of the cases had family history of diabetes. In addition to that, cases were also found to have higher (p<0.05) average weight, height and body mass index, and fasting blood sugar level to those of controls. These results also revealed that there was a distinguished (p<0.05) association between dairy and fruit with the health status and about 1/3rd of both cases and controls had satisfactory consumption of dairy and fruit only. A significant link was found among family size, exercise, type of exercise, duration of exercise, watching television, duration of watching television and the status of disease. The study revealed that a combination of anthropometric, dietary and demographic variables were associated with type-II diabetes mellitus in male adult population of district Mardan.

scholarly journals Predictors of accelerated decline in lung function in adult-onset asthma

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 1701785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanneke Coumou ◽  
Guus A. Westerhof ◽  
Selma B. de Nijs ◽  
Aeilko H. Zwinderman ◽  
Elisabeth H. Bel
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Exhaled Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
New Onset

Little is known about the prognosis of adults with new-onset asthma. Cross-sectional studies suggest that these patients may exhibit accelerated decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). However, risk factors for accelerated decline in lung function have not yet been identified.We aimed to identify these risk factors in a prospective 5-year follow-up study in 200 adults with newly diagnosed asthma. In the current study, clinical, functional and inflammatory parameters were assessed annually for 5 years. Linear mixed-effects models were used to identify predictors.Evaluable lung function sets of 141 patients were available. Median (interquartile range) change in post-bronchodilator FEV1 was −17.5 (−54.2 to +22.4) mL per year. Accelerated decline in FEV1 was defined by the lower quartile of decline (>54.2 mL per year). Nasal polyps, number of blood and sputum eosinophils, body mass index, and level of exhaled nitric oxide were univariably associated with decline in lung function. Only the latter two were independently associated. Using cut-off values to identify patients at highest risk showed accelerated decline in FEV1 in all patients with combined exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO) ≥57 ppb and body mass index (BMI) ≤23 kg·m−2.We conclude that adults with new-onset asthma with both high levels of exhaled nitric oxide and low BMI are at risk of accelerated decline in lung function.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis relapses in Cali, Colombia

Biomédica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supl. 1) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
Cindy Córdoba ◽  
Paola A. Buriticá ◽  
Robinson Pacheco ◽  
Anyela Mancilla ◽  
Augusto Valderrama-Aguirre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Factors Associated

Introduction: Relapses in tuberculosis occur due to endogenous reactivations or exogenous reinfections and represent up to 27% of tuberculosis cases. Its importance lies in the risk of the appearance of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains.According to the reports published in 2011 by the Colombian Instituto Nacional de Salud, there were 572 relapse cases reported in the country, i.e., a rate of 4.9%. Data of the tuberculosis control program from the Secretaría de Salud Municipal in Cali reported a relapse rate of 6%, higher than the national one, during 2013 and 2014.Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with relapse in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Cali.Materials and methods: We conducted an observational, analytical, and case-control study (1:1), which comprised 81 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis relapses detected in 2013 and 2014. Additionally, we collected data on socio-demographic and clinical variables, as well as lifestyle and health services, to identify the potential risk factors associated with tuberculosis relapses. We used logistic regression to identify the risk factors.Results: After adjustments for some variables, our multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the body mass index (BMI) (OR=0.90, 95%CI: 0.81–0.99) and population density (OR=0.99, 95%CI: 0.98–1.00) were inversely associated with tuberculosis relapses. Alcohol consumption increased the likelihood of tuberculosis relapse (OR=5.56, 95%CI: 1.18–26.26).Conclusions: Body mass index and population density were inversely associated with pulmonary tuberculosis relapses in Cali. On the contrary, alcohol consumption increased the likelihood of tuberculosis relapses.

scholarly journals The impact of education inequality on rheumatoid arthritis risk is mediated by smoking and body mass index: mendelian randomization study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sizheng Steven Zhao ◽  
Michael V Holmes ◽  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Eleanor Sanderson ◽  
Alice R Carter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Smoking Exposure ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment ◽  
The Impact

Objective. To estimate the causal relationship between educational attainment - as a proxy for socioeconomic inequality - and risk of RA and quantify the roles of cigarette smoking and body mass index (BMI) as potential mediators. Methods. Using the largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study of genetically predicted educational attainment (instrumented using 1265 variants from GWAS of 766,345 individuals) and RA (14,361 cases, 43,923 controls). We used two-step MR to quantify the proportion of education's effect on RA mediated by smoking exposure (as a composite index capturing duration, heaviness and cessation, using 124 variants from 462,690 individuals) and BMI (517 variants, 681,275 individuals), and multivariable MR to estimate proportion mediated by both factors combined. Results. Each standard deviation (SD) increase in educational attainment (4.2 years of schooling) was protective of RA (OR 0.37; 95%CI 0.31, 0.44). Higher educational attainment was also protective for smoking exposure (b= -0.25 SD; 95%CI -0.26, -0.23) and BMI (b= -0.27 SD (~1.3kg/m2); 95%CI -0.31, -0.24). Smoking mediated 24% (95%CI 13%, 35%) and BMI 17% (95%CI 11%, 23%) of the total effect of education on RA. Combined, the two risk factors explained 47% (95%CI 11%, 82%) of the total effect. Conclusion. Higher educational attainment has a protective effect on RA risk. Interventions to reduce smoking and excess adiposity at a population level may reduce this risk, but a large proportion of education's effect on RA remains unexplained. Further research into other risk factors that act as potentially modifiable mediators are required.

scholarly journals STUDY TO DETERMINE RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTENSION IN URBAN POPULATION OF BHOPAL (MP) INDIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Srivastava Rajat ◽  
Bhide GD
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: Hypertension is an acute public health problem both in developed and in developing countries, like India. It remains silent, being generally asymptomatic during its clinical course. As it is hidden beneath an outwardly asymptomatic appearance, the disease does immense harm to the body in the form of 'Target Organ' damage; hence, the WHO has named it the 'Silent Killer'1. Job related psychosocial stress and sedentary life styles may directly and indirectly contribute to development of hypertension2. With urbanization, the problem of hypertension is growing rapidly to epidemic levels in the developing countries. This invisible epidemic is an underappreciated cause of poverty and hinders the economic development of many countries3. Assessing the association of risk factors with Hypertension in the community is equivalent to assessing the submerged portion of the iceberg which is so much more obscure. Objective: To carry out an Observational study amongst civil population of Bhopal to successfully determine the risk factors associated with Hypertension. Materials and Methods: 375 randomly selected individuals were subjected to check of blood pressure with two readings being taken by two different examiners at an interval of 15 minutes. Subsequently 157 individuals found Hypertensive were further screened for risk factors for Hypertension by measuring height, weight, BMI, serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum HDL, random blood sugar levels, physical activity, smoking status & alcohol consumption. Results: Out of 375 individuals screened, 157 individuals were found to be having high blood pressure. About 15.4% were found to be obese with BMI > 23Kg/m2, 22% had hypercholesterolemia, 5.4% had IGT (Impaired Glucose Tolerance), 19.2% were current smokers and 3.4% were alcohol consumers. Higher age, BMI (Body Mass Index), high serum triglycerides, low serum HDL, IGT (Impaired Glucose Tolerance) and lack of exercising were found to be independently associated with Hypertension in multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Our findings recommend the constant monitoring of risk factors for Hypertension and the formulation of effective preventive strategies for adequate control of its alarming incidence. Keywords: Hypertension, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Body Mass Index, High Density Lipoprotein, Coronary Heart Disease.

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