scholarly journals Combination Therapy with Pemafibrate (K-877) and Pitavastatin Improves Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Dahl/Salt-sensitive Rats Fed a High-salt and High-fat Diet​

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoki Yoshida ◽  
Kazufumi Nakamura ◽  
Toru Miyoshi ◽  
Masashi Yoshida ◽  
Megumi Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Relaxation Rates ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Abstract Background: Statins suppress the progression of atherosclerosis by reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. Pemafibrate (K-877), a novel selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α modulator, is expected to reduce residual risk factors including high triglycerides (TGs) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol during statin treatment. However, it is not known if statin therapy with add-on pemafibrate improves the progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of combination therapy with pitavastatin and pemafibrate on lipid profiles and endothelial dysfunction in hypertension and insulin resistance model rats.Methods: Seven-week-old male Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats were divided into the following five treatment groups (normal diet (ND) plus vehicle, high-salt and high-fat diet (HD) plus vehicle, HD plus pitavastatin (0.3 mg/kg/day), HD plus pemafibrate (K-877) (0.5 mg/kg/day), and HD plus combination of pitavastatin and pemafibrate) and treated for 12 weeks. At 19 weeks, endothelium-dependent relaxation of the thoracic aorta in response to acetylcholine was evaluated.Results: After feeding for 12 weeks, systolic blood pressure and plasma levels of total cholesterol were significantly higher in the HD-vehicle group compared with the ND-vehicle group. Combination therapy with pitavastatin and pemafibrate significantly reduced systolic blood pressure, TG levels, including total, chylomicron (CM), very LDL (VLDL), HDL-TG, and cholesterol levels, including total, CM, VLDL, and LDL-cholesterol, compared with vehicle treatment. Acetylcholine caused concentration-dependent relaxation of thoracic aorta rings that were pre-contracted with phenylephrine in all rats. Relaxation rates in the HD-vehicle group were significantly lower compared with the ND-vehicle group. Relaxation rates in the HD-combination of pitavastatin and pemafibrate group significantly increased compared with the HD-vehicle group, although neither medication alone ameliorated relaxation rates significantly. Western blotting experiments showed increased phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein expression in aortas from rats in the HD-pemafibrate group and the HD-combination group compared with the HD-vehicle group. However, the expression levels did not respond significantly to pitavastatin alone.Conclusions: Combination therapy with pitavastatin and pemafibrate improved lipid profiles and endothelial dysfunction in hypertension and insulin resistance model rats. Pemafibrate as an add-on strategy to statins may be useful for preventing atherosclerosis progression.

scholarly journals Combination therapy with pemafibrate (K-877) and pitavastatin improves vascular endothelial dysfunction in dahl/salt-sensitive rats fed a high-salt and high-fat diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoki Yoshida ◽  
Kazufumi Nakamura ◽  
Toru Miyoshi ◽  
Masashi Yoshida ◽  
Megumi Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Relaxation Rates ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Abstract Background Statins suppress the progression of atherosclerosis by reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. Pemafibrate (K-877), a novel selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α modulator, is expected to reduce residual risk factors including high triglycerides (TGs) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol during statin treatment. However, it is not known if statin therapy with add-on pemafibrate improves the progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of combination therapy with pitavastatin and pemafibrate on lipid profiles and endothelial dysfunction in hypertension and insulin resistance model rats. Methods Seven-week-old male Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats were divided into the following five treatment groups (normal diet (ND) plus vehicle, high-salt and high-fat diet (HD) plus vehicle, HD plus pitavastatin (0.3 mg/kg/day), HD plus pemafibrate (K-877) (0.5 mg/kg/day), and HD plus combination of pitavastatin and pemafibrate) and treated for 12 weeks. At 19 weeks, endothelium-dependent relaxation of the thoracic aorta in response to acetylcholine was evaluated. Results After feeding for 12 weeks, systolic blood pressure and plasma levels of total cholesterol were significantly higher in the HD-vehicle group compared with the ND-vehicle group. Combination therapy with pitavastatin and pemafibrate significantly reduced systolic blood pressure, TG levels, including total, chylomicron (CM), very LDL (VLDL), HDL-TG, and cholesterol levels, including total, CM, VLDL, and LDL-cholesterol, compared with vehicle treatment. Acetylcholine caused concentration-dependent relaxation of thoracic aorta rings that were pre-contracted with phenylephrine in all rats. Relaxation rates in the HD-vehicle group were significantly lower compared with the ND-vehicle group. Relaxation rates in the HD-combination of pitavastatin and pemafibrate group significantly increased compared with the HD-vehicle group, although neither medication alone ameliorated relaxation rates significantly. Western blotting experiments showed increased phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein expression in aortas from rats in the HD-pemafibrate group and the HD-combination group compared with the HD-vehicle group. However, the expression levels did not respond significantly to pitavastatin alone. Conclusions Combination therapy with pitavastatin and pemafibrate improved lipid profiles and endothelial dysfunction in hypertension and insulin resistance model rats. Pemafibrate as an add-on strategy to statins may be useful for preventing atherosclerosis progression.

scholarly journals Combination Therapy with Pemafibrate (K-877) and Pitavastatin Improves Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Dahl/Salt-sensitive Rats Fed a High-salt and High-fat Diet​

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoki Yoshida ◽  
Kazufumi Nakamura ◽  
Toru Miyoshi ◽  
Masashi Yoshida ◽  
Megumi Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Relaxation Rates ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Abstract Background Statins suppress the progression of atherosclerosis by reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. Pemafibrate (K-877), a novel selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α modulator, is expected to reduce residual risk factors including high triglycerides (TGs) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol during statin treatment. However, it is not known if statin therapy with add-on pemafibrate improves the progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of combination therapy with pitavastatin and pemafibrate on lipid profiles and endothelial dysfunction in hypertension and hyperlipidemia model rats. Methods Seven-week-old male Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats were divided into the following five treatment groups (normal diet (ND) plus vehicle, high-salt and high-fat diet (HD) plus vehicle, HD plus pitavastatin (0.3 mg/kg), HD plus pemafibrate (K-877) (0.5 mg/kg), and HD plus combination of pitavastatin and pemafibrate) and treated for 12 weeks. At 19 weeks, endothelium-dependent relaxation of the thoracic aorta in response to acetylcholine was evaluated. Results After feeding for 12 weeks, systolic blood pressure and plasma levels of total cholesterol were significantly higher in the HD-vehicle group compared with the ND-vehicle group. Combination therapy with pitavastatin and pemafibrate significantly reduced systolic blood pressure, TG levels, including total, chylomicron (CM), very LDL (VLDL), HDL-TG, and cholesterol levels, including total, CM, VLDL, and LDL-cholesterol, compared with vehicle treatment. Acetylcholine caused concentration-dependent relaxation of thoracic aorta rings that were pre-contracted with phenylephrine in all rats. Relaxation rates in the HD-vehicle group were significantly lower compared with the ND-vehicle group. Relaxation rates in the HD-combination of pitavastatin and pemafibrate group significantly increased compared with the HD-vehicle group, although neither medication alone ameliorated relaxation rates significantly. Western blotting experiments showed increased phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein expression in aortas from rats in the HD-combination group compared with the HD-vehicle group. However, the expression levels did not respond significantly to either medication alone. Conclusions Combination therapy with pitavastatin and pemafibrate improved lipid profiles and endothelial dysfunction in hypertension and hyperlipidemia model rats. Pemafibrate as an add-on strategy to statins may be useful for preventing atherosclerosis progression.

scholarly journals Effect of Soybean and Soybean Koji on Obesity and Dyslipidemia in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet: A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6032
Author(s):  
Sihoon Park ◽  
Jae-Joon Lee ◽  
Hye-Won Shin ◽  
Sunyoon Jung ◽  
Jung-Heun Ha
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Soybean koji refers to steamed soybeans inoculated with microbial species. Soybean fermentation improves the health benefits of soybeans. Obesity is a serious health concern owing to its increasing incidence rate and high association with other metabolic diseases. Therefore, we investigated the effects of soybean and soybean koji on high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats. Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8/group) as follows: (1) regular diet (RD), (2) high-fat diet (HFD), (3) HFD + steamed soybean (HFD+SS), and (4) HFD + soybean koji (HFD+SK). SK contained more free amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids than SS. In a rat model of obesity, SK consumption significantly alleviated the increase in weight of white adipose tissue and mRNA expression of lipogenic genes, whereas SS consumption did not. Both SS and SK reduced serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. SS and SK also inhibited lipid accumulation in the liver and white adipose tissue and reduced adipocyte size. Although both SS and SK could alleviate HFD-induced dyslipidemia, SK has better anti-obesity effects than SS by regulating lipogenesis. Overall, SK is an excellent functional food that may prevent obesity.

The role of 5-HT7 receptors on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats with high-fat diet exacerbated coronary endothelial dysfunction

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1005-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Cinar ◽  
Z Halici ◽  
B Dincer ◽  
B Sirin ◽  
E Cadirci
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Status

The presence of 5-HT7r’s in both human and rat cardiovascular and immune tissues and their contribution to inflammatory conditions prompted us to hypothesize that these receptors contribute in acute myocardial infarction (MI) with underlying chronic endothelial dysfunction. We investigated the role of 5-HT7 receptors on heart tissue that damaged by isoproterenol (ISO)-induced MI in rats with high-fat diet (HFD). In vitro and in vivo effects of 5-HT7r agonist (LP44) and antagonist (SB269970) have been investigated on the H9C2 cell line and rats, respectively. For in vivo analyses, rats were fed with HFD for 8 weeks and after this period ISO-induced MI model has been applied to rat. To investigate the role of 5-HT7r’s, two different doses of LP44 and SB269970 were evaluated and compared with standard hypolipidemic agent, atorvastatin. In vitro studies showed that LP44 has protective and proliferative effects on rat cardiomyocytes. Also in in vivo studies stimulating 5-HT7r’s by LP44 improved blood lipid profile (decreased total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-C, and triglyceride, increased high-density lipoprotein), decreased cardiac damage markers (creatine kinase and troponin-I), and corrected inflammatory status (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6). Our results showed significant improvement in LP44 administered rats in terms of histopathologic analyses. In damaged tissues, 5-HT7 mRNA expression increased and agonist administration decreased this elevation significantly. We determined for the first time that 5-HT7r’s are overexpressed in ISO-induced MI of rats with underlying HFD-induced endothelial dysfunction. Restoration of this overexpression by LP44, a 5-HT7r agonist, ameliorated heart tissue in physiopathologic, enzymatic, and molecular level, showing the cardiac role of these receptors and suggesting them as future potential therapeutic targets.

Hepatoprotective effects of Shilajit on high fat-diet induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baran Ghezelbash ◽  
Nader Shahrokhi ◽  
Mohammad Khaksari ◽  
Firouz Ghaderi-Pakdel ◽  
Gholamreza Asadikaram
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

AbstractBackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the main common cause of chronic liver disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Shilajit, a medicine of Ayurveda, on the liver damage caused by NAFLD.Materials and methodsForty male Wistar rats, after being established as fatty liver models by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD, 12 weeks), were divided randomly into five groups as follows: control (standard diet), vehicle (HFD + distilled water), high-dose Shilajit (HFD + 250 mg/kg Shilajit), low-dose Shilajit (HFD + 150 mg/kg Shilajit) and pioglitazone (HFD + 10 mg/kg pioglitazone). The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), glucose and liver glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, liver weight, and histopathological manifestation outcomes were measured after the 2-week intervention.ResultsShilajit treatment significantly reduced the values of AST and ALT, TG, TC, LDL, glucose, liver weight, and steatosis, and instead, increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) compared with the vehicle group (p < 0.05). Further, Shilajit treatment improved the adverse effects of HFD-induced histopathological changes in the liver as compared with the vehicle group (p < 0.001). MDA level and GPx activity increased but SOD activity decreased in the vehicle group compared with the control group (p < 0.05), while treatment with Shilajit restored the antioxidant/oxidant balance toward a significant increase in the antioxidant system in the Shilajit group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that Shilajit improved the histopathological NAFLD changes in the liver and indicated the potential applicability of Shilajit as a potent agent for NAFLD treatment.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS BUAH BELIMBING WULUH (AVERRHOA BILIMBI L.) TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL LDL DARAH TIKUS PUTIH (RATTUS NORVEGICUS) JANTAN GALUR WISTAR DENGAN DIET TINGGI LEMAK

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Kartika Dwi Rahminiwati ◽  
◽  
IGM Antara Hambarsika ◽  
Fitri Handajani ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
The Mean

A high-fat diet can increase lipoprotein levels, total cholesterol, (Low Density Lipoprotein) LDL, and triglycerides. Starfruit has saponin and flavonoid compounds which are expected to reducing LDL cholesterol levels. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of starfruit juice on lowering the blood cholesterol LDL of Wistar rats fed with high-fat diet. Experimental study with post-test only control group design. As many as 24 male white rats from the Wistar strain were divided into 3 groups: negative control groups (K-) that were given standard feed for 28 days; positive control group (K+) who were given a high-fat diet for 28 days; the treatment group (KP) was given a high-fat diet for 28 days and on the 15th day 28th they were given a starfruit juice with a dose of 4ml / 200grBB / day. Day 29 measured LDL cholesterol. The statistic test showed a significant increase in LDL cholesterol levels (p=0.001) in the positive control group (x=12.125±2.642 mg/dL) compared to the negative control group (x=7.625±1.506 mg/dL). There was no significant different the mean cholesterol level of the treatment group (x=11±1.927) compared to the mean LDL cholesterol level of the positive control group (x=12.125±2.642). A high-fat diet significantly increases the mean LDL cholesterol level. Starfruit juice did not significantly reduce LDL cholesterol level.

scholarly journals PENGARUH AROMATERAPI MINYAK ATSIRI JAHE TERHADAP KADAR TRIGLISERIDA DAN KOLESTEROL DARAH TIKUS YANG DIBERI PAKAN TINGGI LEMAK

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aji Agung Cahyaji
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat

The study aims to determine the effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) essential oil via inhalation on blood triglyceride, total cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level of rats that fed high fat diet. Eighteen albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were devided into three treatments groups. The treatments were K1 (standard diet) as negative control, K2 (high fat diet) as positive control, and K3 (high fat diet + ginger essential oil inhalation). Blood samples were collected after 5 weeks of treatment period. The result showed the level of triglyceride, cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol at treatment K3 tend to be lower than treatment K2. LDL cholesterol level at treatment K3 show higher result than treatment K2. From the result of this study cocluded that inhalation of ginger essential oil can lowering triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol level and raise HDL cholesterol level. Keywords: triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, ginger essential oil

scholarly journals Correction to: Combination therapy with pemafibrate (K-877) and pitavastatin improves vascular endothelial dysfunction in dahl/salt-sensitive rats fed a high-salt and high-fat diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoki Yoshida ◽  
Kazufumi Nakamura ◽  
Toru Miyoshi ◽  
Masashi Yoshida ◽  
Megumi Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
High Fat

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

scholarly journals Maternal Quercetin Consumption during Pregnancy May Help Regulate Total Cholesterol/HDL-Cholesterol Ratio without Effect on Cholesterol Levels in Male Progeny Consuming High-Fat Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Masakatsu Takashima ◽  
Wataru Tanaka ◽  
Hiroki Matsuyama ◽  
Hayato Tajiri ◽  
Hiroyuki Sakakibara
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Male Progeny ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Quercetin has been shown to have anti-obesity effects, but it is unknown whether these effects can be transmitted from mothers to their progeny. In this study, we investigated whether maternal quercetin consumption during pregnancy has a protective effect on high-fat diet–induced hyper lipid levels and overweight in progeny. Female mice consumed a control diet or a diet containing 1.0% quercetin during breeding. The male progeny were then divided into four groups that were (1) sacrificed at postnatal day 3; (2) born to dams fed the control diet and also fed the control diet (C-C), (3) born to dams fed the control diet and then fed a 30% high-fat diet (C-HF), or (4) born to dams fed the Q-diet and then fed the HF diet (Q-HF). Maternal consumption of quercetin did not affect body weight or blood lipid parameters in either dams or neonates at postnatal day 3. After 13 weeks, the Q-HF group exhibited greater body and liver weights, and higher blood cholesterol levels than the C-HF group. However, the total cholesterol/ high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol ratios in the Q-HF and C-C groups remained similar. In conclusion, maternal quercetin consumption does not appear to protect the next generation from high-fat diet–induced hyper cholesterol level in the blood and liver, and consequently overweight, but may help regulate the total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio.

Abstract 183: Oxidized LDL Cholesterol Induces Endothelial Dysfunction in the Aorta and Lox-1 Expression in Macrophages

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Leuner ◽  
David M Poitz ◽  
Robert Augustin ◽  
Heike Neubauer ◽  
Coy Brunssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Human Macrophages ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
The Impact

Elevated plasma cholesterol is one of the major risk factors in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Oxidation of native LDL cholesterol (nLDL) by reactive oxygen species leads to the formation of oxidized LDL (oxLDL). An important receptor for the cellular uptake of oxLDL is the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (Lox-1). Lox-1 is highly expressed on macrophages, but also present on arterial endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Especially the uptake by macrophages leads to the formation of foam cells in atherosclerotic lesions. Aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of oxLDL on endothelial function in murine aortas and on Lox-1 expression in human macrophages. In addition, we analyzed the effect of a high-fat diet on vascular function in mice with an endothelial Lox-1 overexpression. First, we incubated aortic rings of wild-type mice for 2 h with 100 μg/mL oxLDL and analyzed the endothelial function using a Mulvany myograph. Compared to basal conditions, oxLDL significantly impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Next, we fed mice with an endothelial overexpression of Lox-1 for 20 weeks a high-fat diet and analyzed the endothelial function in the thoracic aorta. Interestingly, these mice had no impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation after high-fat diet feeding. To get further insight into Lox-1 regulation by oxLDL, we analyzed the impact of oxLDL on Lox-1 expression in human macrophages. Monocytic THP-1 cells were differentiated with phorbol myristate acetate into macrophages and stimulated for 24 h with nLDL or oxLDL. We found a significant induction of Lox-1 mRNA expression after oxLDL incubation, whereas nLDL had no effect. Our data suggest an increased oxLDL uptake in oxLDL-treated macrophages by increased Lox-1 receptor expression. In conclusion, our data support an important role of oxLDL as a proatherosclerotic risk factor by its ability to induce endothelial dysfunction and Lox-1 expression in macrophages. Both processes may be involved in the development of atherosclerotic lesions but the physiological significance and functional role of Lox-1 in contributing to the human disease warrants further investigations.

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